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Cofactors
Cofactors

... Homologous enzymes catalyze related reactions; this is how trp and his biosynthesis enzymes seem to have evolved Variant: recruit some enzymes from another pathway without duplicating the whole thing (example: ubiquitination) ...
Analysis of the Compartmentation of Glycolytic
Analysis of the Compartmentation of Glycolytic

... Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.010280. ...
Ghorbaniaghdam (oral)
Ghorbaniaghdam (oral)

... reported that high- and low-producer CHO-mAb subclones differ mainly in their DNA fragment sizes where high numbers of differentially expressed genes were identified [17]. Analyses at the proteomic level also revealed that different clones show different behaviors at different culture phases such as ...
Functional genomics analysis of foliar condensed tannin and
Functional genomics analysis of foliar condensed tannin and

... our established protocol (Jeong et al. 2004). Gas chromatography (GC) was performed on a 6890 GC/5973N system (Agilent Technologies, Wilmington, DE) equipped with an AT5MS column (30-m × 0.25-mm ID with 0.25-µm film thickness) with a deactivated guard column (Alltech, Deerfield, IL). Conditions for ...
SCREENING OF ACTINOMYCETES ISOLATED FROM SOIL SAMPLES FOR ANTIBACTERIAL AND
SCREENING OF ACTINOMYCETES ISOLATED FROM SOIL SAMPLES FOR ANTIBACTERIAL AND

... are the most economically and biotechnologically valuable prokaryotes and are responsible for the production of about half of the discovered bioactive secondary metabolites, antibiotics, anticancer agents and enzymes [3]. Among actinomycetes, around 7,600 compounds are produced by Streptomyces speci ...
as PDF
as PDF

... Two-dimensional sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-SDSPAGE) has traditionally been a popular method for differential-display proteomics on a global scale, although recently the popularity and applicability of stable isotope LC-MS based methods has exceeded those presented b ...
Acid Base Balance
Acid Base Balance

... the normal ranges, and the value that does not match the pH will be outside its normal range, indicating the body is attempting to get the pH back to normal. For example, if the pH (7.20) and CO2 (50) are acidotic, the HCO3 should be on the alkalotic side (27). ...
Water content and its intracellular distribution in intact and saline
Water content and its intracellular distribution in intact and saline

... (i) tracer contents in hearts, blood and blood plasma; (ii) total water contents in tissue determined by gravimetric heart drying procedure; (iii) perfusion bed volumes (vascular plus capillary volumes) obtained by enzymatic determination of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (specific marker of red blood cells ...
Analysis of metabolic pathways and fluxes in a newly discovered
Analysis of metabolic pathways and fluxes in a newly discovered

... constrained within measurement noise. The remaining unknown fluxes were determined from isotopomer fractions, to identify the operative intracellular metabolic reactions as described before (Tang et al., 2007b). In brief, the complete fluxes were solved using the reaction stoichiometry and atom/isot ...
Acid Base Balance
Acid Base Balance

... the normal ranges, and the value that does not match the pH will be outside its normal range, indicating the body is attempting to get the pH back to normal. For example, if the pH (7.20) and CO2 (50) are acidotic, the HCO3 should be on the alkalotic side (27). ...
Subnetwork hierarchies of biochemical pathways
Subnetwork hierarchies of biochemical pathways

... pathway analysis. A potential drawback of this method is that networks might have inherent non-local features not possible to be detected by local quantities such as degree. (Non-local effects are known to be an important factor in for example social networks; see Granovetter, 1973.) To be specific, ...
Supporting Figures and Tables
Supporting Figures and Tables

... We found that fresh commercial solutions of NaOCl may be used by assuming the lower end of the manufacturer’s stated concentration. However, measurement of concentration appears to be essential for solutions more than six months after date of manufacture. Standardization of sodium thiosulfate.4 A so ...
GeneCensus - Gerstein Lab Publications
GeneCensus - Gerstein Lab Publications

... mode consists of a minimal set of enzymes that could operate at steady state with all irreversible reactions proceeding in the appropriate direction and further reduced to omit extraneous metabolites not necessary for the net reaction (25). One should note that there is more than one elementary mode ...
Chapter 9 - Bulldogbiology.com
Chapter 9 - Bulldogbiology.com

... appreciate how cellular metabolism is relevant to higher levels of biological organization, such as organismal physiology or energy flow in communities. Students may have considerable difficulty explaining the relationship of breathing and digestion to cellular respiration. As much as possible, avoi ...
biotransformation
biotransformation

... 2) Takes one week to appear and 2-3 weeks to disappear after stopping drug. 3) ↑ weight and size of liver due to hypertrophy of hepatocytes.  Some drugs increase metabolism of other drugs and their own metabolism (Autoinduction) e.g. Carbamazepine.  Inducing agents are specific for a given P450 fa ...
Separation and Isolation of Plant Constituents
Separation and Isolation of Plant Constituents

... solute to matrix then recovering one bound species at a time • Conditions (pH, ionic strength) required to liberate species are determined by electrical properties ...
MALDI Imaging of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin
MALDI Imaging of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin

... peroxiredoxin 2, complexin I, fatty acid binding protein, L type calcium channel d subunit, mitochondrial complex III, and ATP synthase D chain are up-regulated.5 These results have been confirmed by Strey et al.7 in SOD1 gene studies, where R-enolase as well as HSP25, HSP27, phosphatidyl insitol tr ...
The rate of glycolysis quantitatively mediates specific
The rate of glycolysis quantitatively mediates specific

... The Q Exactive MS (Thermo Scientific) is equipped with a heated electrospray ionization probe (HESI), and the relevant parameters are as listed: evaporation temperature, 120 °C; sheath gas, 30; auxiliary gas, 10; sweep gas, 3; and spray voltage, 3.6 kV for positive mode and 2.5 kV for negative mode. ...
Supplemental Methods
Supplemental Methods

... 75% ACN in PBS/CHAPS per well. The total elapsed time during the wash steps was approximately 10 min (i.e., shorter than the half off-time of the anti-peptide antibodies). Finally, the bead-antibody complex reached the elution plate where the target peptides were eluted in 13 L of 0.1% formic acid. ...
Proton NMR chemical shifts and coupling constants for brain
Proton NMR chemical shifts and coupling constants for brain

... frequencies, phases, and amplitudes of all resonances for each metabolite. This procedure requires information on the chemical shifts of each multiplet group, J-couplings, field strength, and the acquisition pulse sequence. This approach has advantages in that the required basis functions can be rap ...
PDF
PDF

... were lower than those of the soleus muscle (SM) as shown in Table 5. Furthermore, the BCAA content in the GM was drastically lower than that in the EDL. Leu, which plays important roles in muscle regeneration, mostly had a higher level in the SM. Discussion Progression of the method development in t ...
recombinant protein characterization
recombinant protein characterization

... the development and manufacturing of a protein pharmaceutical. The demand for rapid and effective monitoring techniques is being driven by the need to better understand the biological production processes, as well as a need for improved control of feeding of the organisms producing the recombinant p ...
Natural Carbon Isotope Abundance of Plasma
Natural Carbon Isotope Abundance of Plasma

... This isotope fractionation effect occurs during the decarboxylation of pyruvate by pyruvate deshydrogenase, resulting in depleted acetyl-CoA at the carbon 2 position. The low levels of enrichment at natural abundance mean that only total 13C-enrichment, and not the intramolecular 13C distribution, c ...
Metabolic flexibility and carnitine flux: The role of carnitine
Metabolic flexibility and carnitine flux: The role of carnitine

... defined metabolic flexibility as the capacity to switch from predominant lipid oxidation and high rates of fatty acid uptake during fasting conditions to the suppression of lipid oxidation, and increased glucose uptake, oxidation and storage under insulin-stimulation. In contrast, metabolic inflexibili ...
Defects in metabolism of purines and pyrimidines
Defects in metabolism of purines and pyrimidines

... pyrimidines and/or their metabolites in cells or body fluids due to a decreased or an increased activity of an enzyme involved in this metabolism. Symptomatology in these defects is highly variable from very severe to relatively mild and may present at any age. Until now about 835 patients have been ...
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Metabolomics

Metabolomics is the scientific study of chemical processes involving metabolites. Specifically, metabolomics is the ""systematic study of the unique chemical fingerprints that specific cellular processes leave behind"", the study of their small-molecule metabolite profiles. The metabolome represents the collection of all metabolites in a biological cell, tissue, organ or organism, which are the end products of cellular processes. mRNA gene expression data and proteomic analyses reveal the set of gene products being produced in the cell, data that represents one aspect of cellular function. Conversely, metabolic profiling can give an instantaneous snapshot of the physiology of that cell. One of the challenges of systems biology and functional genomics is to integrate proteomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic information to provide a better understanding of cellular biology.
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