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Emerging zoonotic viruses: What characterizes them and what
Emerging zoonotic viruses: What characterizes them and what

... domestic animals and wildlife. Even though the majority of these infections only cause minor health problems, the relatively recent emergence of HIV clearly illustrates that the next major human pandemic may surface at any time. Regardless of what the name indicates, most emerging human pathogens ar ...
Model or meal? Farm animal populations as models for infectious
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Oomycetes are not fungi
Oomycetes are not fungi

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Belfast Health and Social Care Trust
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Bloodborne Pathogens
Bloodborne Pathogens

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Bacterial Interactions with Hosts

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The Critical Need for New Antibiotics
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Waterborne Pathogens and Safeguards Against Them

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Infectious Diseases Dynamics and Complexity: Multicompartment
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Infectious Disease - cancer

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Cross-species transmission

Cross-species transmission (CST) is the phenomenon of transfer of viral infection from one species, usually a similar species, to another. Often seen in emerging viruses where one species transfers to another which in turn transfers to humans. Examples include HIV-AIDS, SARS, Ebola, Swine flu, rabies, and Bird flu.The exact mechanism that facilitates the transfer is unknown, however, it is believed that viruses with a rapid mutation rate are able to overcome host-specific immunological defenses. This can occur between species that have high contact rates. It can also occur between species with low contact rates but usually through an intermediary species. Bats, for example, are mammals and can directly transfer rabies to humans through bite and also through aerosolization of bat salvia and urine which are then absorbed by human mucous membranes in the nose, mouth and eyes.Similarity between species, for example, transfer between mammals, is believed to be facilitated by similar immunological defenses. Other factors include geographic area, intraspecies behaviours, and phylogenetic relatedness. Virus emergence relies on two factors: initial infection and sustained transmission.
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