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Dr. Martin Bootsma Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology
Dr. Martin Bootsma Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology

... Estimating transmission parameters for infectious diseases in small hospital units Resistant pathogens in hospitals form an emerging health care problem and effective strategies to prevent their spread are required. However, the efficacy of control measures depends on the nature of the spreading mec ...
The Chain of Infection
The Chain of Infection

... As healthcare professionals, it is important to understand two facts about infection: ...
The Chain of Infection
The Chain of Infection

... As healthcare professionals, it is important to understand two things about infection: ...
The Chain of Infection
The Chain of Infection

... As healthcare professionals, it is important to understand two things about infection: ...
Abstract...
Abstract...

... extinction. This situation creates an interesting interplay between demographic dynamics (changes in population size) and evolutionary dynamics (changes in frequency of genetic variants) in a stochastic regime. I draw on past work for a number of examples in infectious disease contexts, such as the ...
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Cross-species transmission

Cross-species transmission (CST) is the phenomenon of transfer of viral infection from one species, usually a similar species, to another. Often seen in emerging viruses where one species transfers to another which in turn transfers to humans. Examples include HIV-AIDS, SARS, Ebola, Swine flu, rabies, and Bird flu.The exact mechanism that facilitates the transfer is unknown, however, it is believed that viruses with a rapid mutation rate are able to overcome host-specific immunological defenses. This can occur between species that have high contact rates. It can also occur between species with low contact rates but usually through an intermediary species. Bats, for example, are mammals and can directly transfer rabies to humans through bite and also through aerosolization of bat salvia and urine which are then absorbed by human mucous membranes in the nose, mouth and eyes.Similarity between species, for example, transfer between mammals, is believed to be facilitated by similar immunological defenses. Other factors include geographic area, intraspecies behaviours, and phylogenetic relatedness. Virus emergence relies on two factors: initial infection and sustained transmission.
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