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The making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation
The making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation

... KEY CONCEPTS ...
Epidemiology - International Federation of Infection Control
Epidemiology - International Federation of Infection Control

... Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice, Third Edition • The introductory self-study course is available online. The course provides an introduction to applied epidemiology and biostatistics; it consists of six lessons: Introduction to Epidemiology, Summarizing Data, Measures of Risk, D ...
Microbial Risk Assessment -1
Microbial Risk Assessment -1

... • Threshold (no adverse effect level) • Cumulative effects • Magnitude of exposure influences magnitude of adverse effects and their appearance/manifestation • Distinctive health effects based on chemical reactions with specific molecules, tissues and organs ...
Communicable Disease Control
Communicable Disease Control

... Maintaining cleanliness to prevent the transmission of communicable diseases in the health room. ...
Understanding Epidemiology
Understanding Epidemiology

... running water and liquid soap to lather hands and wrists. ◦ Scrubs all surfaces of hands and fingers for 1520 seconds. ◦ Bar soap can harbor germs that cause infection, so it is important to use liquid soap when possible. ...
SEICRS explorations
SEICRS explorations

... • Quasi-extinction threshold: assume that population goes extinct if continuous variable drops below a small value ...
Host-Microbe Relationships and Disease
Host-Microbe Relationships and Disease

... • Not everything in biology can be neatly classified. There is a gradation from pathogen to opportunist to non-infectious, and what happens depends on the balance of these 3 factors. ...
3U 3.3a Viruses
3U 3.3a Viruses

... Viruses are host cell specific • can usually infect one type of host or even an organ, tissue or cell type (called its HOST RANGE) • a protein on the surface of the virus has a shape that matches a molecule in the plasma membrane of its host, allowing the virus to lock onto the host cell (like a ke ...
Powerpoint Slides 3C
Powerpoint Slides 3C

... Vaccine is 90-95% effective in a wide range of population ages ...
Genome-wide Associations for Milk Production and Somatic Cell
Genome-wide Associations for Milk Production and Somatic Cell

... associated with milk production and somatic cell score (SCS). ...
riley_ModelsInfectio..
riley_ModelsInfectio..

... multicountry outbreak can have a disproportionately large negative economic impact at a regional level (3). Similarly, in domestic animals, the need to maintain disease-free geographical areas requires extreme measures to control economically important pathogens (4). It would be unusual for naturall ...
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPECIES BARRIER IN INFECTIOUS
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPECIES BARRIER IN INFECTIOUS

... responsible for diarrhoea in rabbits, because only rabbit intestinal cells possess the specific receptor for this bacterium [Cheney et al., 1980]. By the same mechanism, certain breeds of piglets are resistant to infection with Escherichia coli K88, which can infect most pigs, because they lack the ...
Emerging foodborne pathogens
Emerging foodborne pathogens

... Salmonella serotype Typhimurium Definitive Type 104 (which is resistant to at least five antimicrobial drugs), have become important public health problems. • Well-recognized pathogens, such as Salmonella serotype Enteritidis, have increased in prevalence or become associated with new vehicles. ...
VIRAL - Orthomyxovirus type A
VIRAL - Orthomyxovirus type A

... •Several more recent breaks, including Mexico and Hong Kong. On January 22, 2012, China reported its second human death due to bird flu. Pandemic flu viruses have some avian flu virus genes and usually some human flu virus genes. Both H2N2 and H3N2 are pandemic strains. ...
Epidemiology of Infectious Disease
Epidemiology of Infectious Disease

...  New diseases have emerged in the past few decades such as AIDS, Hepatitis C and E, hantavirus, Lyme disease, Legionnaire’s disease, toxic shock E. coli 0157:H7, cryptosporidiosis and others  Systematic epidemiology focuses on the ecological and social factors that influence the development, emer ...
Infection Control
Infection Control

... “A bad cold wouldn’t be so annoying if it weren’t for the advice of our friends.” Kin Hubbard ...
Infectious Disease - Fall River Public Schools
Infectious Disease - Fall River Public Schools

...  Be able to name, describe and give examples of biologically significant infectious diseases: o Foodborne o Waterborne o Vaccine Preventable o Sexually Transmitted o Person to Person o Arthropod Borne o Zoonotic o Fungal  Be able to name, describe and give examples of different microbial agents o ...
here - Infect-ERA
here - Infect-ERA

... o Identification of genetic and epigenetic determinants for susceptibility to infections as well as effectiveness of medications o To transform the knowledge on individual differences into treatment o To apply personalized medicine in disease prevention and prognosis (e.g. individual differences in ...
Food borne Pathogens: Microbiology and Molecular Biology .
Food borne Pathogens: Microbiology and Molecular Biology .

... and on­line monitoring for multiple pathogens in foods. n  ...
Powerpoint - Dinman, Jonathan D.
Powerpoint - Dinman, Jonathan D.

... Find a way to enter the host Find a way to get through the host defences Move through the host Find the right cell types to infect ...
Host resource supplies influence the dynamics
Host resource supplies influence the dynamics

... play a key role in determining the outcome of infectious diseases in plants as well as in animals (Smith 1993a, 1993b). Such a conclusion is perhaps not surprising in view of evidence that the regulation of gene expression in response to changes in nutrients is common and well-documented in both pro ...
International Collaboration for the Genomics of HIV
International Collaboration for the Genomics of HIV

... - Close collaboration with clinicians - It’s now unethical to observe the natural history of HIV infection ...
Document
Document

... Name derives from the Latin for “poison” Obligatory intracellular parasites Referred to as filterable Contain a single type of nucleic material The nucleic material is covered in a protein coat. • Use the synthesis machinery of the host to multiply. ...
Viruses
Viruses

... 2. They do, however, contain all the necessary to direct metabolic processes 3. They are often classified as infectious particles rather than microorganisms B. Medical considerations 1. Target cells A) Viruses interact and infect B) Nearly every cell in the body is susceptible to at least one virus ...
PDF recommendation - PCI Evol Biol
PDF recommendation - PCI Evol Biol

... individuals): the fittest variants are favoured at the expense of the weakest ones. In contrast, genetic drift reduces diversity in a stochastic manner among replicates. Genetic drift acts equally on all variants irrespectively of their fitness. The strength of genetic drift is frequently evaluated ...
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Cross-species transmission

Cross-species transmission (CST) is the phenomenon of transfer of viral infection from one species, usually a similar species, to another. Often seen in emerging viruses where one species transfers to another which in turn transfers to humans. Examples include HIV-AIDS, SARS, Ebola, Swine flu, rabies, and Bird flu.The exact mechanism that facilitates the transfer is unknown, however, it is believed that viruses with a rapid mutation rate are able to overcome host-specific immunological defenses. This can occur between species that have high contact rates. It can also occur between species with low contact rates but usually through an intermediary species. Bats, for example, are mammals and can directly transfer rabies to humans through bite and also through aerosolization of bat salvia and urine which are then absorbed by human mucous membranes in the nose, mouth and eyes.Similarity between species, for example, transfer between mammals, is believed to be facilitated by similar immunological defenses. Other factors include geographic area, intraspecies behaviours, and phylogenetic relatedness. Virus emergence relies on two factors: initial infection and sustained transmission.
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