Dairy Animal Health
... Infectious diseases have a negative impact on production and profitability – some animals may become ill and die or require veterinary treatment (clinical disease) but many animals in the herd may be affected to a lesser extent without showing noticeable signs of illness (subclinical disease). They ...
... Infectious diseases have a negative impact on production and profitability – some animals may become ill and die or require veterinary treatment (clinical disease) but many animals in the herd may be affected to a lesser extent without showing noticeable signs of illness (subclinical disease). They ...
Pericardial effusions in two boys with chronic granulomatous disease
... 5]. We report two cases of large pericardial effusions in boys with known CGD in whom no infectious cause for the effusion was identified. Pericardial effusion should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of CGD patients presenting with fever, cough, tachypnoea, or symptoms of a poss ...
... 5]. We report two cases of large pericardial effusions in boys with known CGD in whom no infectious cause for the effusion was identified. Pericardial effusion should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of CGD patients presenting with fever, cough, tachypnoea, or symptoms of a poss ...
PowerPoint - South African Veterinary Foundation
... To promote and advance veterinary and related biological sciences in all their aspects. This includes supporting veterinary research at all levels, to fund bursaries and loans for veterinary studies and to invest and administer various financial portfolios in order to promote the knowledge, image an ...
... To promote and advance veterinary and related biological sciences in all their aspects. This includes supporting veterinary research at all levels, to fund bursaries and loans for veterinary studies and to invest and administer various financial portfolios in order to promote the knowledge, image an ...
Chronic Wasting Disease
... deer, mule deer, elk and moose. It is caused by an infectious protein particle known as a prion. Other diseases caused by prions include “mad cow disease” or bovine spongiform encephalopathy, scrapie in sheep and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in people. There is no curative treatment for animals that co ...
... deer, mule deer, elk and moose. It is caused by an infectious protein particle known as a prion. Other diseases caused by prions include “mad cow disease” or bovine spongiform encephalopathy, scrapie in sheep and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in people. There is no curative treatment for animals that co ...
Study Session 34 Intestinal Protozoa, Ascariasis and Hookworm
... clinical diagnosis of ascariasis if the patient or the caregiver of a child tells you that long worms have passed with the stool or vomit, or if you are able to see the worms yourself. Eggs in the faeces are too small to see with your eyes, and although they can be identified by laboratory diagnosis ...
... clinical diagnosis of ascariasis if the patient or the caregiver of a child tells you that long worms have passed with the stool or vomit, or if you are able to see the worms yourself. Eggs in the faeces are too small to see with your eyes, and although they can be identified by laboratory diagnosis ...
BONE AND JOINT INFECTIONS
... The incidence of gonococcal arthritis is 2.8 cases per 100,000 person-years Septic arthritis is becoming increasingly common among people who are immunosuppressed and elderly people who have a variety of co-morbid ...
... The incidence of gonococcal arthritis is 2.8 cases per 100,000 person-years Septic arthritis is becoming increasingly common among people who are immunosuppressed and elderly people who have a variety of co-morbid ...
Review articles Parasites and fungi as a threat for prenatal and
... childbearing age (67%): half of whom had only IgG present, while 15% displayed both G and M class ...
... childbearing age (67%): half of whom had only IgG present, while 15% displayed both G and M class ...
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
... IBR is a highly contagious and infectious viral disease that affects cattle of all ages. Infection occurs by inhalation and requires contact between animals spreading quickly through the group. The disease is characterised by severe inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Bovine herpes virus ...
... IBR is a highly contagious and infectious viral disease that affects cattle of all ages. Infection occurs by inhalation and requires contact between animals spreading quickly through the group. The disease is characterised by severe inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Bovine herpes virus ...
What is Ebola virus disease?
... Ways to prevent infection and transmission While initial cases of Ebola virus disease are contracted by handling infected animals or carcasses, secondary cases occur by direct contact with the bodily fluids of an ill person, either through unsafe case management or unsafe burial practices. During th ...
... Ways to prevent infection and transmission While initial cases of Ebola virus disease are contracted by handling infected animals or carcasses, secondary cases occur by direct contact with the bodily fluids of an ill person, either through unsafe case management or unsafe burial practices. During th ...
Post-weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS)
... since been reported throughout the United States, Europe and Asia. It is a disease of young pigs aged 6-12 weeks. Although its exact cause is uncertain infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is necessary, usually in association with ill-defined immune stressors such as those caused by vario ...
... since been reported throughout the United States, Europe and Asia. It is a disease of young pigs aged 6-12 weeks. Although its exact cause is uncertain infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is necessary, usually in association with ill-defined immune stressors such as those caused by vario ...
Cancer Risk Factors in Ontario | Infectious Agents
... with infected blood via blood transfusions, injection drug use, childbirth and needlestick injuries. Transmission through sexual contact is also common for HBV because it can be transmitted in body fluids other than blood.190 » HBV or HCV infections can be symptomatic or asymptomatic and may be comp ...
... with infected blood via blood transfusions, injection drug use, childbirth and needlestick injuries. Transmission through sexual contact is also common for HBV because it can be transmitted in body fluids other than blood.190 » HBV or HCV infections can be symptomatic or asymptomatic and may be comp ...
Tuberculosis: Commentary on a Reemergent Killer
... worst case, the solid necrosis, perhaps a result of released hydrolases fiom inflammatory cells, may liquefy, which creates a rich medium for the proliferation of bacilli, perhaps reaching 109 per milliliter (24). The pathologic and inflammatory processes produce the characteristic weakness, fever, ...
... worst case, the solid necrosis, perhaps a result of released hydrolases fiom inflammatory cells, may liquefy, which creates a rich medium for the proliferation of bacilli, perhaps reaching 109 per milliliter (24). The pathologic and inflammatory processes produce the characteristic weakness, fever, ...
antibiotic-stewardship-farmers-union-december-3-2016
... Producing Natural Local Meat for Consumers The three state SARE plan focused on increasing production of local meat in the region. The project worked to improve livestock producers’ and agricultural service providers’ knowledge and skills in the areas of forages and grazing and studied the relations ...
... Producing Natural Local Meat for Consumers The three state SARE plan focused on increasing production of local meat in the region. The project worked to improve livestock producers’ and agricultural service providers’ knowledge and skills in the areas of forages and grazing and studied the relations ...
Fasciolosis
Fasciolosis (also known as fascioliasis, fasciolasis, distomatosis and liver rot) is a parasitic worm infection caused by the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica as well as by Fasciola gigantica. The disease is a plant-borne trematode zoonosis, and is classified as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD). It affects humans, but its main host is ruminants such as cattle and sheep. The disease progresses through four distinct phases; an initial incubation phase of between a few days up to three months with little or no symptoms; an invasive or acute phase which may manifest with: fever, malaise, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, urticaria, anemia, jaundice, and respiratory symptoms. The disease later progresses to a latent phase with less symptoms and ultimately into a chronic or obstructive phase months to years later. In the chronic state the disease causes inflammation of the bile ducts, gall bladder and may cause gall stones as well as fibrosis. While chronic inflammation is connected to increased cancer rates it is unclear whether fasciolosis is associated with increased cancer risk.Up to half of those infected display no symptoms, and diagnosis is difficult because eggs are often missed in fecal examination. The methods of detection are through fecal examination, parasite-specific antibody detection, radiological diagnosis as well as laparotomy. In case of a suspected outbreak it may be useful to keep track of dietary history, which is also useful for exclusion of differential diagnoses. Fecal examination is generally not helpful because eggs can seldom be detected in the chronic phase of the infection and detection of eggs. Eggs appear in the feces first between 9–11 weeks post-infection. The cause of this is unknown, and the it is also difficult to distinguish between the different species of fasciola as well distinguishing them from Echinostomes and Fasciolopsis. Most immunodiagnostic tests detect infection with very high sensitivity and as concentration drops after treatment it is a very good diagnostic method. Clinically it is not possible to differentiate from other liver and bile diseases. Radiological methods can detect lesions in both acute and chronic infection, while laparotomy will detect lesions and also occasionally eggs and live worms.Because of the size of the parasite (adult F. hepatica: 20–30 × 13 mm, adult F. gigantica: 25–75×12 mm) fasciolosis is a big concern. The amount of symptoms depend on how many worms and what stage the infection is in. The death rate is significant in both sheep and cattle, but generally low among humans. Treatment with triclabendazole is highly effective against the adult worms as well as various developing stages. Praziquantel is not effective, and older drugs such as bithionol are moderately effective but also cause more side effects. Secondary bacterial infection causing cholangitis is also a concern and can be treated with antibiotics, and toxaemia may be treated with prednisolone.Humans are infected by eating watergrown plants, primarily wild grown watercress in Europe and morning glory in Asia. Infection may also occur by drinking contaminated water with floating young fasciola or when using utensils washed with contaminated water. Cultivated plants do not spread the disease in the same capacity. Human infection is rare even if the infection rate is high among animals. Especially high rates of human infection have been found in Bolivia, Peru and Egypt, and this may be due to consumption of certain foods. No vaccine is available to protect people against Fasciola infection. Preventative measures are primarily treating and immunization the livestock – which are required for the live cycle of the worms. Veterinary vaccines are in development and their use is being considered by a number of countries on account of the risk to human health and economic losses resulting from livestock infection. Other methods include using molluscicides to decrease the amount of snails that act as vectors, but it is not practical. Educational methods to decrease consumption of wild watercress and other waterplants has been shown to work in areas with a high disease burden. In some areas of the world where fascioliasis is found (endemic), special control programs are in place or are planned. The types of control measures depend on the setting (such as epidemiologic, ecologic, and cultural factors). Strict control of the growth and sale of watercress and other edible water plants is important.Individual people can protect themselves by not eating raw watercress and other water plants, especially from endemic grazing areas. Travelers to areas with poor sanitation should avoid food and water that might be contaminated (tainted). Vegetables grown in fields that might have been irrigated with polluted water should be thoroughly cooked, as should viscera from potentially infected animals. Fascioliasis occurs in Europe, Africa, the Americas as well as Oceania. Recently, worldwide losses in animal productivity due to fasciolosis were conservatively estimated at over US$3.2 billion per annum. Fasciolosis is now recognized as an emerging human disease: the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 2.4 million people are infected with Fasciola, and a further 180 million are at risk of infection.