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MINERVA MEDICA COPYRIGHT ® Labeling of antibiotics for
... and degenerative arthropathies; the authors suggested the need to continue research into new more accurate agents. In a study on fever of unknown origin 25 the authors reported high specificity (100%) but low sensitivity (67%). Artiko et al.,26 in their study of abdominal and gastrointestinal infect ...
... and degenerative arthropathies; the authors suggested the need to continue research into new more accurate agents. In a study on fever of unknown origin 25 the authors reported high specificity (100%) but low sensitivity (67%). Artiko et al.,26 in their study of abdominal and gastrointestinal infect ...
Lymphatic filariasis fact sheet pdf, 140kb - WHO South
... Lymphatic filariasis (LF) or elephantiasis is one of the most debilitating and disfiguring scourge among all diseases. It is a major public health problem in many South‐East Asian countries. Nine out of the 11 countries in the Region are known to be endemic for filariasis. The infect ...
... Lymphatic filariasis (LF) or elephantiasis is one of the most debilitating and disfiguring scourge among all diseases. It is a major public health problem in many South‐East Asian countries. Nine out of the 11 countries in the Region are known to be endemic for filariasis. The infect ...
Systemic Hypertension - All Pets Veterinary Home Care
... the diagnosis is established, further tests are needed to find the underlying cause. These may include routine laboratory and urine tests, thyroid tests (in cats), chest x-rays, and cortisol tests (in dogs). Abdominal x-rays and ultrasound studies may also be recommended. An echocardiogram (heart ul ...
... the diagnosis is established, further tests are needed to find the underlying cause. These may include routine laboratory and urine tests, thyroid tests (in cats), chest x-rays, and cortisol tests (in dogs). Abdominal x-rays and ultrasound studies may also be recommended. An echocardiogram (heart ul ...
White spot disease (Also known as infection with white spot
... EXOTIC DISEASE—not present in Australia. Epidemiology ...
... EXOTIC DISEASE—not present in Australia. Epidemiology ...
Differential Diagnosis
... category is considered, specific diagnoses are postulated simultaneously As you develop the differential, more than one diagnosis may be plausible In this case the final differential is comprised of the top possibilities in each of medical category ...
... category is considered, specific diagnoses are postulated simultaneously As you develop the differential, more than one diagnosis may be plausible In this case the final differential is comprised of the top possibilities in each of medical category ...
Viruses, Bacteria, and Parasites in the Digestive Tract
... In the United States, the disease occurs most often in the winter, with annual epidemics occurring from December to June. The highest rates of illness occur among infants and young children, and most children in the United States are infected by 5 years of age. Adults can also be infected, though di ...
... In the United States, the disease occurs most often in the winter, with annual epidemics occurring from December to June. The highest rates of illness occur among infants and young children, and most children in the United States are infected by 5 years of age. Adults can also be infected, though di ...
PHE_Factsheet_Ebola_for_humanitarian_workers
... face shield. Infection generally does not occur through routine, social contact (such as shaking hands) with asymptomatic individuals. The likelihood of contracting any viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF), including Ebola, is considered very low unless there has been travel to a known affected area and di ...
... face shield. Infection generally does not occur through routine, social contact (such as shaking hands) with asymptomatic individuals. The likelihood of contracting any viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF), including Ebola, is considered very low unless there has been travel to a known affected area and di ...
5.2 HEPATITIS B
... Hepatitis B virus is an important cause of serious liver disease including acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. The virus is transmitted by infected blood or body fluids. Transmission mainly occurs by sexual contact with an infected person, from an infected mother to her baby aro ...
... Hepatitis B virus is an important cause of serious liver disease including acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. The virus is transmitted by infected blood or body fluids. Transmission mainly occurs by sexual contact with an infected person, from an infected mother to her baby aro ...
Animal Testing
... Almost one hundred and fifty different drugs were tested on patients with a certain disease and every single drug failed to cure or even help that disease. Because such drugs were only tested on mice when regarding the disease in humans and the drug passed in mice but failed to do anything in humans ...
... Almost one hundred and fifty different drugs were tested on patients with a certain disease and every single drug failed to cure or even help that disease. Because such drugs were only tested on mice when regarding the disease in humans and the drug passed in mice but failed to do anything in humans ...
Control of Bovine Virus Diarrhoea (BVD)
... Many herds have BVDv present within their cattle where disease/losses are partly controlled by PI calves acting as "natural vaccinators" of the herd. When most adult animals in the herd are immune disease losses are not so obvious to the farmer. However, this situation is not optimum as losses can ...
... Many herds have BVDv present within their cattle where disease/losses are partly controlled by PI calves acting as "natural vaccinators" of the herd. When most adult animals in the herd are immune disease losses are not so obvious to the farmer. However, this situation is not optimum as losses can ...
PhD-abstract-Dr-Okuni
... Paratuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is one of the most important infectious diseases of cattle. No previous study on the occurrence, pathogen diversity, pathology and diagnosis of the disease has been done in Uganda. This study has been carried out to fill t ...
... Paratuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is one of the most important infectious diseases of cattle. No previous study on the occurrence, pathogen diversity, pathology and diagnosis of the disease has been done in Uganda. This study has been carried out to fill t ...
Host
... balanced relationship the host remains healthy. Disease is manifested when this relationship breaks down. Zoonosis 人畜共通疾病 – Diseases of animals which are transmissible to man. Anthroponosis 人畜共通疾病 -Diseases of man which are transmissible to animals. ...
... balanced relationship the host remains healthy. Disease is manifested when this relationship breaks down. Zoonosis 人畜共通疾病 – Diseases of animals which are transmissible to man. Anthroponosis 人畜共通疾病 -Diseases of man which are transmissible to animals. ...
T Pinworm
... Albendazole (Albenza™) is a pinworm medication available by prescription that is usually reserved for infections that are not cleared by the other preparations. A single 400 mg tablet is given by mouth. Once again, this medication is not recommended for pregnant women or children under the age of tw ...
... Albendazole (Albenza™) is a pinworm medication available by prescription that is usually reserved for infections that are not cleared by the other preparations. A single 400 mg tablet is given by mouth. Once again, this medication is not recommended for pregnant women or children under the age of tw ...
Food-Borne Intestinal Bacterial Pathogens
... Aerolysin, a cytotoxin and 3 cytotonic enterotoxins acting like cholera toxin are produced by Aeromonas. Aeromonas can cause infections when the skin is punctured, sometimes as a result of a swimming accident. A. hydrophila has been also associated with acute diarrhoea of travellers in Asian countri ...
... Aerolysin, a cytotoxin and 3 cytotonic enterotoxins acting like cholera toxin are produced by Aeromonas. Aeromonas can cause infections when the skin is punctured, sometimes as a result of a swimming accident. A. hydrophila has been also associated with acute diarrhoea of travellers in Asian countri ...
Abortive Disease Information Brochure
... Cats are the definitive host for the sexual phase of the T. gondii life cycle, and most warm-blooded animals, including humans, can serve as intermediate hosts for the asexual phase. Cats may become infected by eating intermediate hosts such as rodents. T. gondii oocysts are shed in cat feces for se ...
... Cats are the definitive host for the sexual phase of the T. gondii life cycle, and most warm-blooded animals, including humans, can serve as intermediate hosts for the asexual phase. Cats may become infected by eating intermediate hosts such as rodents. T. gondii oocysts are shed in cat feces for se ...
Fasciolosis
Fasciolosis (also known as fascioliasis, fasciolasis, distomatosis and liver rot) is a parasitic worm infection caused by the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica as well as by Fasciola gigantica. The disease is a plant-borne trematode zoonosis, and is classified as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD). It affects humans, but its main host is ruminants such as cattle and sheep. The disease progresses through four distinct phases; an initial incubation phase of between a few days up to three months with little or no symptoms; an invasive or acute phase which may manifest with: fever, malaise, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, urticaria, anemia, jaundice, and respiratory symptoms. The disease later progresses to a latent phase with less symptoms and ultimately into a chronic or obstructive phase months to years later. In the chronic state the disease causes inflammation of the bile ducts, gall bladder and may cause gall stones as well as fibrosis. While chronic inflammation is connected to increased cancer rates it is unclear whether fasciolosis is associated with increased cancer risk.Up to half of those infected display no symptoms, and diagnosis is difficult because eggs are often missed in fecal examination. The methods of detection are through fecal examination, parasite-specific antibody detection, radiological diagnosis as well as laparotomy. In case of a suspected outbreak it may be useful to keep track of dietary history, which is also useful for exclusion of differential diagnoses. Fecal examination is generally not helpful because eggs can seldom be detected in the chronic phase of the infection and detection of eggs. Eggs appear in the feces first between 9–11 weeks post-infection. The cause of this is unknown, and the it is also difficult to distinguish between the different species of fasciola as well distinguishing them from Echinostomes and Fasciolopsis. Most immunodiagnostic tests detect infection with very high sensitivity and as concentration drops after treatment it is a very good diagnostic method. Clinically it is not possible to differentiate from other liver and bile diseases. Radiological methods can detect lesions in both acute and chronic infection, while laparotomy will detect lesions and also occasionally eggs and live worms.Because of the size of the parasite (adult F. hepatica: 20–30 × 13 mm, adult F. gigantica: 25–75×12 mm) fasciolosis is a big concern. The amount of symptoms depend on how many worms and what stage the infection is in. The death rate is significant in both sheep and cattle, but generally low among humans. Treatment with triclabendazole is highly effective against the adult worms as well as various developing stages. Praziquantel is not effective, and older drugs such as bithionol are moderately effective but also cause more side effects. Secondary bacterial infection causing cholangitis is also a concern and can be treated with antibiotics, and toxaemia may be treated with prednisolone.Humans are infected by eating watergrown plants, primarily wild grown watercress in Europe and morning glory in Asia. Infection may also occur by drinking contaminated water with floating young fasciola or when using utensils washed with contaminated water. Cultivated plants do not spread the disease in the same capacity. Human infection is rare even if the infection rate is high among animals. Especially high rates of human infection have been found in Bolivia, Peru and Egypt, and this may be due to consumption of certain foods. No vaccine is available to protect people against Fasciola infection. Preventative measures are primarily treating and immunization the livestock – which are required for the live cycle of the worms. Veterinary vaccines are in development and their use is being considered by a number of countries on account of the risk to human health and economic losses resulting from livestock infection. Other methods include using molluscicides to decrease the amount of snails that act as vectors, but it is not practical. Educational methods to decrease consumption of wild watercress and other waterplants has been shown to work in areas with a high disease burden. In some areas of the world where fascioliasis is found (endemic), special control programs are in place or are planned. The types of control measures depend on the setting (such as epidemiologic, ecologic, and cultural factors). Strict control of the growth and sale of watercress and other edible water plants is important.Individual people can protect themselves by not eating raw watercress and other water plants, especially from endemic grazing areas. Travelers to areas with poor sanitation should avoid food and water that might be contaminated (tainted). Vegetables grown in fields that might have been irrigated with polluted water should be thoroughly cooked, as should viscera from potentially infected animals. Fascioliasis occurs in Europe, Africa, the Americas as well as Oceania. Recently, worldwide losses in animal productivity due to fasciolosis were conservatively estimated at over US$3.2 billion per annum. Fasciolosis is now recognized as an emerging human disease: the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 2.4 million people are infected with Fasciola, and a further 180 million are at risk of infection.