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Transcript
FelineHerpesvirus FelineHerpesvirus(FHV),alsoknownasFelineViralRhinotracheitis,isaviraldiseasethatcausesacute upperrespiratoryinfections(URIs)primarilyincatsintheirfirstyearoflife. Virology FelineHerpesvirus(FHV)consistsofdouble-strandedDNAandaglycoproteinlipidenvelopemakingita fragilevirusoutsideofthehostandeasytokillwithdisinfectants.Thevirusprefersdampenvironments butevenso,canonlyremainactivefor18hoursonasurfacewithoutahostandanevenshorterperiod oftimeasanaerosol. ClinicalSigns Symptomsoccurafteranincubationperiodof24-48hours.Symptomsinclude:sneezing,coughing,nasal andoculardischarge,frothysalivation,labouredbreathing,anorexia,andfever.Keratitis(inflammation oftheeye’scornea)isanothercommonsignofFelineHerpesvirus. EpidemiologyofTransmission Thevirusisreadilytransmittedbetweencatsthrough:directcontactwithsalivaandocularornasal secretions,inhalationofsneezedroplets,sharingoffoodbowlsandlittertrays,contaminatedsurfaces suchasbeddingandgroomingaids. OnceinfectedwithFHV,virtuallyallcatswillremainlatentlyinfectedduetothevirus’sabilitytopersist innervecells.Morethan95%ofthecatpopulationhasbeenexposedtothevirusandover80%are carriers.Catsthatwereonceaffectedwillthereforebecomelife-longcarriersoftheviruseveniftheydo notportraytheregularsymptoms.However,somecatswillintermittentlyshedthevirusagainand demonstratesymptoms,especiallyintimesofstressoriftheybecomeimmunocompromised. TreatmentandControl JustasthereisnocureforHumanHerpes,thereissimilarlynocureforFelineHerpesvirus.Virusesare differenttobacteriainmanyways,oneofwhichbeingthatbacteriaarelivingandconstantly reproducing.OnceinfectedwithFelineHerpesvirus,acatmaystopproducingsymptomsbutwillremain acarrier.Themostproactivepreventativemeasureonecantakeistodisinfectanyandallsurfacesthat aresuspectedtohavecomeincontactwiththevirus.AsFelineHerpesvirusiseasilyinactivatedbymost commonlyapprovedEPAandHealthCanadaregistereddisinfectantsusingadisinfectantthatisnot harmfultotheuserortheanimals,isacrucialstepininfectionprevention. References KoretShelterMedicineProgram http://www.sheltermedicine.com/library/feline-infectious-respiratory-disease-aka-uri MerckVeterinaryManual http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/respiratory_system/respiratory_diseases_of_small_animals/fel ine_respiratory_disease_complex.html Fenner’sVeterinaryVirology4thed. MacLachlan,N.J.,Dubovi,E.J.(2010).Fenner’sVeterinaryVirology(4thed.).Cambridge,MA:Academic PressanimprintofElsevier. InfectiousDiseasesoftheDogandCat4thed. Greene,C.E.(2013).InfectiousDiseasesoftheDogandCat(4thed.).St.Louis,MO:Elsevier.
