Clostridium difficile in Food and Animals: A
... bacterium is able to colonise the intestinal tract of both animals and humans. Since domestic and food animals frequently test positive for toxigenic C. difficile, even without showing any signs of disease, it seems plausible that C. difficile could be zoonotic. Therefore, animals could play an esse ...
... bacterium is able to colonise the intestinal tract of both animals and humans. Since domestic and food animals frequently test positive for toxigenic C. difficile, even without showing any signs of disease, it seems plausible that C. difficile could be zoonotic. Therefore, animals could play an esse ...
Is swine flu
... Swine flu (swine influenza) is a respiratory disease caused by viruses (influenza viruses) that infect the respiratory tract of pigs and result in nasal secretions, a barking-like cough, decreased appetite, and listless behaviour. Swine flu produces most of the same symptoms in pigs as human flu pro ...
... Swine flu (swine influenza) is a respiratory disease caused by viruses (influenza viruses) that infect the respiratory tract of pigs and result in nasal secretions, a barking-like cough, decreased appetite, and listless behaviour. Swine flu produces most of the same symptoms in pigs as human flu pro ...
the Influenza Flu Kit Here
... system to produce antibodies that naturally protect against circulating influenza viruses. Many other viruses are also present throughout the year, so people may catch a different respiratory infection with ‘flu-like’ symptoms around the time the vaccine is given and mistakenly blame the influenza v ...
... system to produce antibodies that naturally protect against circulating influenza viruses. Many other viruses are also present throughout the year, so people may catch a different respiratory infection with ‘flu-like’ symptoms around the time the vaccine is given and mistakenly blame the influenza v ...
Toxoplasma gondii in wild boars and domestic pigs in Sweden
... levels within a few weeks (Lind et al., 1997). Similar results were also found by Verhelst et al. (2011), who showed that IgM levels in experimentally infected pigs decreased below cut-off levels (a level above which samples are regarded as positive) within six weeks PI. T. gondii IgG have been show ...
... levels within a few weeks (Lind et al., 1997). Similar results were also found by Verhelst et al. (2011), who showed that IgM levels in experimentally infected pigs decreased below cut-off levels (a level above which samples are regarded as positive) within six weeks PI. T. gondii IgG have been show ...
atrophic rhinitis of swine
... methods would require every colony of P. multocida in the sample to be tested, which is clearly impractical, to achieve the same level of sensitivity as the ELISA. This ELISA is commercially available throughout Europe and in a few other selected regions of the world1 (though not in the United State ...
... methods would require every colony of P. multocida in the sample to be tested, which is clearly impractical, to achieve the same level of sensitivity as the ELISA. This ELISA is commercially available throughout Europe and in a few other selected regions of the world1 (though not in the United State ...
Measles Elimination in Thailand - World Health Organization, South
... Natural history and treatment of measles Measles is an exanthematous fever often found in children. Cause: Measles is caused by the measles virus, which is a single-stranded RNA virus in the family Paramyxovirus. The virus is found in infected patient’s nose and throat. Mode of transmission: Measles ...
... Natural history and treatment of measles Measles is an exanthematous fever often found in children. Cause: Measles is caused by the measles virus, which is a single-stranded RNA virus in the family Paramyxovirus. The virus is found in infected patient’s nose and throat. Mode of transmission: Measles ...
Recent zoonoses caused by influenza A viruses
... Influenza A infections significantly affect overall mortality in human populations, and until the occurrence of h u m a n immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, w e r e the only viruses to h a v e this effect. Excess mortality d u e to p n e u m o n i a and influenza (P&I) is usually a reliable m ...
... Influenza A infections significantly affect overall mortality in human populations, and until the occurrence of h u m a n immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, w e r e the only viruses to h a v e this effect. Excess mortality d u e to p n e u m o n i a and influenza (P&I) is usually a reliable m ...
Group 1 Fowl Adenovirus, Serotype 4
... Table 18. D10 values for Newcastle disease virus...................................................................................... 53 Table 19. Resistance of agent to physical and chemical action ................................................................... 54 Table 20. Partial likelihoods ...
... Table 18. D10 values for Newcastle disease virus...................................................................................... 53 Table 19. Resistance of agent to physical and chemical action ................................................................... 54 Table 20. Partial likelihoods ...
Removing Barriers to Global Pandemic Influenza Vaccination
... For the U.S., harmonization of the regulatory processes for seasonal as well as pandemic influenza vaccines may help to prevent influenza vaccine shortages.9 In 2004–05, Chiron was found to have contamination problems at their production plant and could not supply influenza vaccine to the U.S. At th ...
... For the U.S., harmonization of the regulatory processes for seasonal as well as pandemic influenza vaccines may help to prevent influenza vaccine shortages.9 In 2004–05, Chiron was found to have contamination problems at their production plant and could not supply influenza vaccine to the U.S. At th ...
A qualitative assessment of the risks of transmission of
... normal lives in ordinary society, and are more vulnerable to infections that may have only relatively small consequences for healthy people. Much of our knowledge on how bacteria are disseminated with food is due to distinct outbreaks of some specific, clinically recognisable disease such as salmone ...
... normal lives in ordinary society, and are more vulnerable to infections that may have only relatively small consequences for healthy people. Much of our knowledge on how bacteria are disseminated with food is due to distinct outbreaks of some specific, clinically recognisable disease such as salmone ...
ibv_2_search - Cairo University Scholars
... In Egypt, IB was first described by Ahmed (1954), subsequently several reports emphasized the prevalence of the disease as reviewed in the present review. Massachusetts (Mass) type live attenuated vaccine (H120) as well as inactivated oil emulsion vaccine are applied to prevent and control the incid ...
... In Egypt, IB was first described by Ahmed (1954), subsequently several reports emphasized the prevalence of the disease as reviewed in the present review. Massachusetts (Mass) type live attenuated vaccine (H120) as well as inactivated oil emulsion vaccine are applied to prevent and control the incid ...
epidemiology of tuberculosis in cattle and human patients in borno
... TB patients. Six diagnostic procedures namely, tuberculin testing, post-mortem inspection for TB-like lesions, culture, acid-fast staining, TB Ag MPT64 (SD-bioline) and genotype MTBC were used. Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis based on tuberculin test survey involving 109 cattle herds from 10 Zonal ...
... TB patients. Six diagnostic procedures namely, tuberculin testing, post-mortem inspection for TB-like lesions, culture, acid-fast staining, TB Ag MPT64 (SD-bioline) and genotype MTBC were used. Prevalence of bovine tuberculosis based on tuberculin test survey involving 109 cattle herds from 10 Zonal ...
Frequently Asked Questions on Rabies
... injections of anti-rabies vaccination (nerve tissue vaccine administered over the abdomen) given in the past. These FAQs are an attempt to provide accepted and evidence-based answers to common questions about the disease. Although efforts have been made to include all possible situations, the reader ...
... injections of anti-rabies vaccination (nerve tissue vaccine administered over the abdomen) given in the past. These FAQs are an attempt to provide accepted and evidence-based answers to common questions about the disease. Although efforts have been made to include all possible situations, the reader ...
Atrophic rhinitis of swine
... When sampling the tonsil is not practical, nasal swabs suffice for isolation of both organisms. Swabs with flexible shafts should be used; sample collection in young pigs is facilitated by the use of minitipped swabs. A single swab is used to sample both sides of the nasal cavity and should then be ...
... When sampling the tonsil is not practical, nasal swabs suffice for isolation of both organisms. Swabs with flexible shafts should be used; sample collection in young pigs is facilitated by the use of minitipped swabs. A single swab is used to sample both sides of the nasal cavity and should then be ...
Development of behaviour change strategies for animal disease
... Surveillance and reporting of emergency animal diseases is fundamental not only to Australia’s agricultural industry but many other industries as well. The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission agriculture commissioner Mick Keogh recently commented that Australia’s primary advantage in acce ...
... Surveillance and reporting of emergency animal diseases is fundamental not only to Australia’s agricultural industry but many other industries as well. The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission agriculture commissioner Mick Keogh recently commented that Australia’s primary advantage in acce ...
Stopping poliovirus vaccination after eradication
... Hemisphere was certified to be free of indigenous poliovirus by an independent international commission in 1994 (3). In the WHO Western Pacific Region, which includes the world's most populous country, China, indigenous poliovirus has not been isolated since 1997 and the region is in the final stage ...
... Hemisphere was certified to be free of indigenous poliovirus by an independent international commission in 1994 (3). In the WHO Western Pacific Region, which includes the world's most populous country, China, indigenous poliovirus has not been isolated since 1997 and the region is in the final stage ...
Disease prevention in calves
... amounts of milk offered (and drunk) per calf and a consistent milk temperature. Any changes in feeding routine should not be too sudden. It is best to pen newly purchased calves individually for the first 2 weeks, particularly if they are obtained from various sources, to quarantine them against spr ...
... amounts of milk offered (and drunk) per calf and a consistent milk temperature. Any changes in feeding routine should not be too sudden. It is best to pen newly purchased calves individually for the first 2 weeks, particularly if they are obtained from various sources, to quarantine them against spr ...
Rabies - Concordia University, Nebraska
... http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/location/world/index.html?s_cid=cs_521 Rabies, Rabies, and more Rabies. (2010). Retrieved from Worms and Germs Blog: http://www.wormsandgermsblog.com/2010/06/articles/animals/cats/rabies-rabies-and-more-rabies/ Rabies' Victims. (2014). Retrieved from Global Alliance for Rab ...
... http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/location/world/index.html?s_cid=cs_521 Rabies, Rabies, and more Rabies. (2010). Retrieved from Worms and Germs Blog: http://www.wormsandgermsblog.com/2010/06/articles/animals/cats/rabies-rabies-and-more-rabies/ Rabies' Victims. (2014). Retrieved from Global Alliance for Rab ...
Influenza Virus Vaccine USP Fluzone®
... During influenza epidemics, deaths can increase from influenza and pneumonia as well as from exacerbations of cardiopulmonary conditions and other chronic diseases. In studies of influenza epidemics occurring from 1972-1973 through 1994-1995, excess deaths (i.e., the number of influenza-related deat ...
... During influenza epidemics, deaths can increase from influenza and pneumonia as well as from exacerbations of cardiopulmonary conditions and other chronic diseases. In studies of influenza epidemics occurring from 1972-1973 through 1994-1995, excess deaths (i.e., the number of influenza-related deat ...
MYCOPLASMA RESPIRATORY DISEASE COMPLEX IN FEEDLOT CATTLE IN SOUTH AFRICA
... Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD) consists of a largely single clinical entity of bronchopneumonia that is usually associated with the assembly of large numbers of especially weaner cattle into a feedlot environment. It has a multifactorial aetiology and develops as a result of complex intera ...
... Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD) consists of a largely single clinical entity of bronchopneumonia that is usually associated with the assembly of large numbers of especially weaner cattle into a feedlot environment. It has a multifactorial aetiology and develops as a result of complex intera ...
Congenital Heart Diseases in Swine
... pigs with congenital heart disease commonly would die within this age period. Young children [8], dogs [4], and cats [12] less than one year of age with cardiac anomalies develop signs of acute heart failure. The prevalence of congenital heart disease is higher in purebred than in mixed dogs and is ...
... pigs with congenital heart disease commonly would die within this age period. Young children [8], dogs [4], and cats [12] less than one year of age with cardiac anomalies develop signs of acute heart failure. The prevalence of congenital heart disease is higher in purebred than in mixed dogs and is ...
13176007
... and gastrointestinal routes. Webster reported that wild birds had played an essential role for new introduction of AI virus into domestic poultry. Once AI viruses penetrate domestic poultry flocks, wild birds may no longer play a crucial role for spreading of infections within and between flocks. In ...
... and gastrointestinal routes. Webster reported that wild birds had played an essential role for new introduction of AI virus into domestic poultry. Once AI viruses penetrate domestic poultry flocks, wild birds may no longer play a crucial role for spreading of infections within and between flocks. In ...
5. risk assessment - Department of Agriculture and Water Resources
... Finally, regardless of the means by which a disease agent has infected or contaminated muscle tissue, survival of the agent during storage of the meat will depend on its physical characteristics, the period of storage prior to exportation and the conditions of pH and temperature within the stored m ...
... Finally, regardless of the means by which a disease agent has infected or contaminated muscle tissue, survival of the agent during storage of the meat will depend on its physical characteristics, the period of storage prior to exportation and the conditions of pH and temperature within the stored m ...
Avian reovirus infections
... Similarly, proteins encoded by the genome also fall into three size classes, as follows: X (large), p (medium) or a (small). O f eleven proteins, nine are structural (XI, X2, X3, µl, µ2/µ2C, ol, o2 and o3) and two nonstructural (µNS and oNS). Protein coding assignments of all ten genome segments of ...
... Similarly, proteins encoded by the genome also fall into three size classes, as follows: X (large), p (medium) or a (small). O f eleven proteins, nine are structural (XI, X2, X3, µl, µ2/µ2C, ol, o2 and o3) and two nonstructural (µNS and oNS). Protein coding assignments of all ten genome segments of ...
Foot-and-mouth disease
Foot-and-mouth disease or hoof-and-mouth disease (Aphthae epizooticae) is an infectious and sometimes fatal viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals, including domestic and wild bovids. The virus causes a high fever for two or three days, followed by blisters inside the mouth and on the feet that may rupture and cause lameness.Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has severe implications for animal farming, since it is highly infectious and can be spread by infected animals through aerosols, through contact with contaminated farming equipment, vehicles, clothing, or feed, and by domestic and wild predators. Its containment demands considerable efforts in vaccination, strict monitoring, trade restrictions, and quarantines, and occasionally the killing of animals.Susceptible animals include cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats, pigs, antelope, deer, and bison. It has also been known to infect hedgehogs and elephants; llamas and alpacas may develop mild symptoms, but are resistant to the disease and do not pass it on to others of the same species. In laboratory experiments, mice, rats, and chickens have been successfully infected by artificial means, but they are not believed to contract the disease under natural conditions. Humans are very rarely infected.The virus responsible for the disease is a picornavirus, the prototypic member of the genus Aphthovirus. Infection occurs when the virus particle is taken into a cell of the host. The cell is then forced to manufacture thousands of copies of the virus, and eventually bursts, releasing the new particles in the blood. The virus is genetically highly variable, which limits the effectiveness of vaccination.