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... swelling and inflammation. The symptoms include nausea, vomiting, weight loss, abdominal pain, jaundice, dark yellow urine, and fever. Acute hepatitis never show symptoms in the early stage and may change into chronic hepatitis leading to liver fibrosis, liver scarring, liver cancer, and increased l ...
... swelling and inflammation. The symptoms include nausea, vomiting, weight loss, abdominal pain, jaundice, dark yellow urine, and fever. Acute hepatitis never show symptoms in the early stage and may change into chronic hepatitis leading to liver fibrosis, liver scarring, liver cancer, and increased l ...
Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium Infection
... Cryptosporidium. This parasite can live in the stomach and bowels of humans and animals. Those infected with cryptosporidiosis can pass the illness to others through their feces (stool, poop). The parasite is protected by an outer shell, which allows it to survive outside the body for long periods o ...
... Cryptosporidium. This parasite can live in the stomach and bowels of humans and animals. Those infected with cryptosporidiosis can pass the illness to others through their feces (stool, poop). The parasite is protected by an outer shell, which allows it to survive outside the body for long periods o ...
Vm - Veterinary Medicines Directorate
... Do not eat, drink or smoke while handling the product. Wear impervious gloves when handling or administering the product. As absorption through skin can occur, in the event of accidental skin contact, wash the affected area immediately with soap and water. If accidental eye exposure occurs, flush th ...
... Do not eat, drink or smoke while handling the product. Wear impervious gloves when handling or administering the product. As absorption through skin can occur, in the event of accidental skin contact, wash the affected area immediately with soap and water. If accidental eye exposure occurs, flush th ...
The role of companion animals in the emergence of
... perpetuated by poor husbandry practices. This subsequently has resulted in establishment of wild animal cycles that serve as reservoirs of infection for both cattle and sheep [52,53]. However, an emerging public health problem has developed through the establishment of urban foci of transmission. Th ...
... perpetuated by poor husbandry practices. This subsequently has resulted in establishment of wild animal cycles that serve as reservoirs of infection for both cattle and sheep [52,53]. However, an emerging public health problem has developed through the establishment of urban foci of transmission. Th ...
Adam Blanchard - National Sheep Association
... bacteria causing footrot are recognised by the immune system, in addition to a complementary molecular analysis of the primary pathogen associated with disease, researchers hope to explain better how the clinical signs of footrot are caused and how the immune system contributes to this. The study wi ...
... bacteria causing footrot are recognised by the immune system, in addition to a complementary molecular analysis of the primary pathogen associated with disease, researchers hope to explain better how the clinical signs of footrot are caused and how the immune system contributes to this. The study wi ...
Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare, Chapter 25
... from person to person. The incidence of human disease is thus closely tied to the prevalence of infection in sheep, goats, and cattle, and to practices that allow exposure of humans to potentially infected animals or their products. In the United States, where most states are free of infected animal ...
... from person to person. The incidence of human disease is thus closely tied to the prevalence of infection in sheep, goats, and cattle, and to practices that allow exposure of humans to potentially infected animals or their products. In the United States, where most states are free of infected animal ...
Parasite and Diseases
... uncomplicated cases, or later in cases subsequently complicated by other problems. if a cat survives the first five days of illness, and secondary complications such as bacterial infections or dehydration do not develop, then recovery should follow fairly rapidly. it usually requires several weeks, ...
... uncomplicated cases, or later in cases subsequently complicated by other problems. if a cat survives the first five days of illness, and secondary complications such as bacterial infections or dehydration do not develop, then recovery should follow fairly rapidly. it usually requires several weeks, ...
Chronic Hepatitis C - National Health Care for the Homeless Council
... and counseled about harm reduction. Those who manifest clinical symptoms—e.g., jaundice or otherwise unexplained fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting—are referred to a university hospital for further diagnostic testing and follow-up in the GI clinic. Thus far, about half of th ...
... and counseled about harm reduction. Those who manifest clinical symptoms—e.g., jaundice or otherwise unexplained fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting—are referred to a university hospital for further diagnostic testing and follow-up in the GI clinic. Thus far, about half of th ...
Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)
... which red blood cells are destroyed causing anemia and kidney failure. Transfusions of blood or blood clotting factors, as well as kidney dialysis, may be necessary. A prolonged hospital stay is often required. Fortunately, most people with HUS recover completely, but it can be fatal. How soon do sy ...
... which red blood cells are destroyed causing anemia and kidney failure. Transfusions of blood or blood clotting factors, as well as kidney dialysis, may be necessary. A prolonged hospital stay is often required. Fortunately, most people with HUS recover completely, but it can be fatal. How soon do sy ...
Animal genetic resources and resistance to disease
... and West African Shorthorn cattle, as well as Djallonke sheep and goats. Despite smaller size, studies have shown that these breeds are more productive than susceptible animals under moderate to high tsetse challenge (Agyemang et al., 1997). Table 33 shows the breeds reported in DAD-IS as being resi ...
... and West African Shorthorn cattle, as well as Djallonke sheep and goats. Despite smaller size, studies have shown that these breeds are more productive than susceptible animals under moderate to high tsetse challenge (Agyemang et al., 1997). Table 33 shows the breeds reported in DAD-IS as being resi ...
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPECIES BARRIER IN INFECTIOUS
... resistance of many species to cytolysis by salmonellas [Rumyantsev, 1992]. In virology, two different properties of the cells are needed for the infection to succeed: susceptibility (the virus can multiply in the cell). There are several examples of this complex resistance in veterinary medicine: ce ...
... resistance of many species to cytolysis by salmonellas [Rumyantsev, 1992]. In virology, two different properties of the cells are needed for the infection to succeed: susceptibility (the virus can multiply in the cell). There are several examples of this complex resistance in veterinary medicine: ce ...
ACVO Standards for Ophthalmic Examinations In Pharmaceutical
... treatment of eye conditions in a variety of animal species, including those commonly used in toxicology studies and studies of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK). The ACVO is the only credentialing body in North America that supervises the training and certification of those qualified to pe ...
... treatment of eye conditions in a variety of animal species, including those commonly used in toxicology studies and studies of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK). The ACVO is the only credentialing body in North America that supervises the training and certification of those qualified to pe ...
HUMAN HYDATIDOSIS IN AMARA, S
... common occurrence of adult Echinococcus granulosus in the stray dogs and on the Hydatid disease caused by its metacestoda in man and his livestock(Blanton et al.,2004;Turner et al., 2004). Ultrasound is the most useful non invasive diagnostic tool and is also used to classify the cysts (Ramtin Hadig ...
... common occurrence of adult Echinococcus granulosus in the stray dogs and on the Hydatid disease caused by its metacestoda in man and his livestock(Blanton et al.,2004;Turner et al., 2004). Ultrasound is the most useful non invasive diagnostic tool and is also used to classify the cysts (Ramtin Hadig ...
Fasciolosis
Fasciolosis (also known as fascioliasis, fasciolasis, distomatosis and liver rot) is a parasitic worm infection caused by the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica as well as by Fasciola gigantica. The disease is a plant-borne trematode zoonosis, and is classified as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD). It affects humans, but its main host is ruminants such as cattle and sheep. The disease progresses through four distinct phases; an initial incubation phase of between a few days up to three months with little or no symptoms; an invasive or acute phase which may manifest with: fever, malaise, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, urticaria, anemia, jaundice, and respiratory symptoms. The disease later progresses to a latent phase with less symptoms and ultimately into a chronic or obstructive phase months to years later. In the chronic state the disease causes inflammation of the bile ducts, gall bladder and may cause gall stones as well as fibrosis. While chronic inflammation is connected to increased cancer rates it is unclear whether fasciolosis is associated with increased cancer risk.Up to half of those infected display no symptoms, and diagnosis is difficult because eggs are often missed in fecal examination. The methods of detection are through fecal examination, parasite-specific antibody detection, radiological diagnosis as well as laparotomy. In case of a suspected outbreak it may be useful to keep track of dietary history, which is also useful for exclusion of differential diagnoses. Fecal examination is generally not helpful because eggs can seldom be detected in the chronic phase of the infection and detection of eggs. Eggs appear in the feces first between 9–11 weeks post-infection. The cause of this is unknown, and the it is also difficult to distinguish between the different species of fasciola as well distinguishing them from Echinostomes and Fasciolopsis. Most immunodiagnostic tests detect infection with very high sensitivity and as concentration drops after treatment it is a very good diagnostic method. Clinically it is not possible to differentiate from other liver and bile diseases. Radiological methods can detect lesions in both acute and chronic infection, while laparotomy will detect lesions and also occasionally eggs and live worms.Because of the size of the parasite (adult F. hepatica: 20–30 × 13 mm, adult F. gigantica: 25–75×12 mm) fasciolosis is a big concern. The amount of symptoms depend on how many worms and what stage the infection is in. The death rate is significant in both sheep and cattle, but generally low among humans. Treatment with triclabendazole is highly effective against the adult worms as well as various developing stages. Praziquantel is not effective, and older drugs such as bithionol are moderately effective but also cause more side effects. Secondary bacterial infection causing cholangitis is also a concern and can be treated with antibiotics, and toxaemia may be treated with prednisolone.Humans are infected by eating watergrown plants, primarily wild grown watercress in Europe and morning glory in Asia. Infection may also occur by drinking contaminated water with floating young fasciola or when using utensils washed with contaminated water. Cultivated plants do not spread the disease in the same capacity. Human infection is rare even if the infection rate is high among animals. Especially high rates of human infection have been found in Bolivia, Peru and Egypt, and this may be due to consumption of certain foods. No vaccine is available to protect people against Fasciola infection. Preventative measures are primarily treating and immunization the livestock – which are required for the live cycle of the worms. Veterinary vaccines are in development and their use is being considered by a number of countries on account of the risk to human health and economic losses resulting from livestock infection. Other methods include using molluscicides to decrease the amount of snails that act as vectors, but it is not practical. Educational methods to decrease consumption of wild watercress and other waterplants has been shown to work in areas with a high disease burden. In some areas of the world where fascioliasis is found (endemic), special control programs are in place or are planned. The types of control measures depend on the setting (such as epidemiologic, ecologic, and cultural factors). Strict control of the growth and sale of watercress and other edible water plants is important.Individual people can protect themselves by not eating raw watercress and other water plants, especially from endemic grazing areas. Travelers to areas with poor sanitation should avoid food and water that might be contaminated (tainted). Vegetables grown in fields that might have been irrigated with polluted water should be thoroughly cooked, as should viscera from potentially infected animals. Fascioliasis occurs in Europe, Africa, the Americas as well as Oceania. Recently, worldwide losses in animal productivity due to fasciolosis were conservatively estimated at over US$3.2 billion per annum. Fasciolosis is now recognized as an emerging human disease: the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 2.4 million people are infected with Fasciola, and a further 180 million are at risk of infection.