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Answer to question 1 - Northwestern University
Answer to question 1 - Northwestern University

Smiley Radio Telescope Lab 1 What`s Between the Stars?
Smiley Radio Telescope Lab 1 What`s Between the Stars?

... So how does hydrogen gas emit radio waves? Here’s the science: A neutral hydrogen atom consists of a proton surrounded by an electron. One property that both an electron and a proton have is something called spin (Figure 2). Through a crude analogy, spin can be thought of as a spinning earth orbitin ...
Stellar Evolution: the Death of Stars
Stellar Evolution: the Death of Stars

Chapter 16 Star Birth
Chapter 16 Star Birth

... sort of force stops contraction before the core temperature rises above 107 K. • Thermal pressure cannot stop contraction because the star is constantly losing thermal energy from its ...
Astronomy 328 Midterm Exam - Department of Physics and Astronomy
Astronomy 328 Midterm Exam - Department of Physics and Astronomy

... Exam rules: You may consult your sheet of formulas during the exam. This sheet can contain any formulas or values for constants that you think you need but it cannot contain worked out problems or concepts. You must turn in your formula sheet with the exam. Calculators are permitted. Good luck. ...
chapter16StarBirth
chapter16StarBirth

... sort of force stops contraction before the core temperature rises above 107 K. • Thermal pressure cannot stop contraction because the star is constantly losing thermal energy from its ...
Chapter 16 Star Birth Where do stars form? Star
Chapter 16 Star Birth Where do stars form? Star

... • Gravity within a contracting gas cloud becomes stronger as the gas becomes denser • Gravity can therefore overcome pressure in smaller pieces of the cloud, causing it to break apart into multiple fragments, each of which may go on to form a star ...
Stars and Stellar Evolution The Hertzsprung
Stars and Stellar Evolution The Hertzsprung

Astronomy, Radio Sources and Society
Astronomy, Radio Sources and Society

Distance Ladder
Distance Ladder

... dwarf gains mass •Shrinks slightly •Reaches Chandrasekhar mass •Star begins to collapse •Heats up •Fusion begins •Whole star burns - explodes •Star is completely destroyed •Burns mostly to iron ...
Surveying the Stars
Surveying the Stars

... The Random Walk towards the Spectral Types… • White Stars, with prominent hydrogen lines. Called them “A stars.” • Blue-white stars, with less prominent H lines, and weak helium lines. Called them “B stars” • Then, no more in this color direction, so skip some letters and… Cream colored stars, with ...
Lecture16
Lecture16

... Reminder: HW #3 due TONIGHT at 11pm. extra-credit opportunity: Magazine report is due Wed. ...
High-Energy Astrophysics - University of Iowa Astrophysics
High-Energy Astrophysics - University of Iowa Astrophysics

... • Extreme temperatures (X-ray emitting plasma) • Extreme densities (black holes and neutron stars) • Extreme magnetic fields (near neutron stars) • Extreme velocities (jets from black holes) • Extreme explosions (gamma-ray bursts) ...
M104: The Sombrero Galaxy
M104: The Sombrero Galaxy

... This photogenic galaxy looks like a broad-brimmed Mexican hat floating in space. Appropriately called the Sombrero Galaxy, its catalogue name is Messier 104 (M104). Thick dust lanes make up the brim of the galaxy. The brim winds into the brilliant white crown, made up of a central bulge of older sta ...
PH607lec12
PH607lec12

... Can define a Hubble length: c / H0 ~ 4000 Mpc at which this expression for the recession velocity extrapolates to the speed of light - more detailed relativistic treatment is needed for distances of this order. Can also define a Hubble time: 1 / H0 ~ 1010 years …this is to order of magnitude the age ...
Edexcel GCE - physicsinfo.co.uk
Edexcel GCE - physicsinfo.co.uk

... (ii) When the Sun nears the end of its life it will burn helium in its core for a further 100 million years and become a red giant star. When it has depleted the helium in its core it is estimated that its surface temperature will fall from its present value of 5780 K to 3160 K and its radius will i ...
Brightness and Temperature of Stars
Brightness and Temperature of Stars

... A star’s brightness, or luminosity, depends on the star’s surface temperature and size. If two stars have the same surface temperature, the larger star will be more luminous. The Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram below is a scatter plot that shows the relative temperatures and luminosities of variou ...
Chapter 10: Measuring the Stars  - Otto
Chapter 10: Measuring the Stars - Otto

... • (If sun were 10 pc from us, its apparent magnitude would be 4.8, which is faint) ...
Primordial planets, comets and moons foster life in the cosmos
Primordial planets, comets and moons foster life in the cosmos

... Figure 2. Gas epoch for 300 Kyr to 300 Myr, corresponding to the dark-ages period for ΛCDMHC (top) before the first stars and planets. Astrobiology would be very different in ΛCDMHC because, even if life were to form, it would be confined to a handful of planets formed simultaneously and close to th ...
GET WORKSHEETS FROM MY ASSIGNMENTS PAGE Mrs
GET WORKSHEETS FROM MY ASSIGNMENTS PAGE Mrs

... are needed to see this picture. ...
arXiv:0712.2297v1 [astro
arXiv:0712.2297v1 [astro

... path. In our target selection, we avoid bright objects, which are accessible to smaller telescopes. Consequently, more than 66% of our target stars are fainter than V=8 mag. The observing scheme follows the standard practices implemented in precision radial velocity measurements with the iodine cell ...
Structure of Neutron Stars
Structure of Neutron Stars

Core-collapse supernovae and their massive progenitors
Core-collapse supernovae and their massive progenitors

... the SMC stars, typically 175 ± 100 km s–1 (Mokiem et al. 2006). Rotational velocities have not been significantly affected by stellar winds, and are significantly lower than 300 km s–1 presently adopted in evolutionary models of Meynet and Maeder (2000). Although the majority of high-mass stars unde ...
CP Physical Science
CP Physical Science

... vs. time graph. Objects that are at rest will form a straight horizontal line on a position vs. time graph. Objects that are accelerating will show a curved line on a position vs. time graph. Velocity can be calculated by determining the slope of a position vs. time graph. Positive slopes on positio ...
Physics
Physics

... forms a diffuse reflection and for smooth shiny objects, reflections can result in clear images. Transparent materials transmit most of the energy through the material but smaller amounts of energy may be absorbed or reflected. ...
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Future of an expanding universe

Observations suggest that the expansion of the universe will continue forever. If so, the universe will cool as it expands, eventually becoming too cold to sustain life. For this reason, this future scenario is popularly called the Big Freeze.If dark energy—represented by the cosmological constant, a constant energy density filling space homogeneously, or scalar fields, such as quintessence or moduli, dynamic quantities whose energy density can vary in time and space—accelerates the expansion of the universe, then the space between clusters of galaxies will grow at an increasing rate. Redshift will stretch ancient, incoming photons (even gamma rays) to undetectably long wavelengths and low energies. Stars are expected to form normally for 1012 to 1014 (1–100 trillion) years, but eventually the supply of gas needed for star formation will be exhausted. And as existing stars run out of fuel and cease to shine, the universe will slowly and inexorably grow darker, one star at a time. According to theories that predict proton decay, the stellar remnants left behind will disappear, leaving behind only black holes, which themselves eventually disappear as they emit Hawking radiation. Ultimately, if the universe reaches a state in which the temperature approaches a uniform value, no further work will be possible, resulting in a final heat death of the universe.
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