Chemicals of Concern
... Silent Spring “In less than two decades of their use, the synthetic pesticides have been so thoroughly distributed throughout the animate and inanimate world that they occur virtually everywhere.” Rachel Carson, 1962. ...
... Silent Spring “In less than two decades of their use, the synthetic pesticides have been so thoroughly distributed throughout the animate and inanimate world that they occur virtually everywhere.” Rachel Carson, 1962. ...
Environmental Health & Toxicology
... – Some resistant to degradation (PVC plastic, DDT, CFC’s, asbestos) • This may be why they are used- asbestos, PVC, DDT • May be an unfortunate sideeffect – DDT was valued because it broke down slowly & did not have to be reapplied. – We did not know the affects it would cause in fish, birds of prey ...
... – Some resistant to degradation (PVC plastic, DDT, CFC’s, asbestos) • This may be why they are used- asbestos, PVC, DDT • May be an unfortunate sideeffect – DDT was valued because it broke down slowly & did not have to be reapplied. – We did not know the affects it would cause in fish, birds of prey ...
Lecture 26_web
... Addiction may have a genetic basis….? Many side effects and withdrawal symptoms ...
... Addiction may have a genetic basis….? Many side effects and withdrawal symptoms ...
Metrifonate
... • Because of the:-1. short t½ 2. low plasma protein binding 15% 3. leak the involvement of P450 in ...
... • Because of the:-1. short t½ 2. low plasma protein binding 15% 3. leak the involvement of P450 in ...
Transport
... • Activation of xenobiotics by P450 leads in most cases to detoxication, but some toxicities like tumorigenicity of a chemical depends on its activation. • Some P450 enzymes in human liver microsomes are inducible which usually lowers blood level of the xenobiotics. • Inhibition of P450 falls into 3 ...
... • Activation of xenobiotics by P450 leads in most cases to detoxication, but some toxicities like tumorigenicity of a chemical depends on its activation. • Some P450 enzymes in human liver microsomes are inducible which usually lowers blood level of the xenobiotics. • Inhibition of P450 falls into 3 ...
mechanisms for activation and inactivation of endorphins
... The concept that the population of receptor sites for the enkephalins and endorphins is heterogeneous, is based on the following experimental approaches. When the peptides are assayed in two pharmacological and two binding models, the rank order of activity differs in the four systems. The antagonis ...
... The concept that the population of receptor sites for the enkephalins and endorphins is heterogeneous, is based on the following experimental approaches. When the peptides are assayed in two pharmacological and two binding models, the rank order of activity differs in the four systems. The antagonis ...
Evidence for the Existence of Nonmonotonic Dose
... • Pharmacologically relevant “non-monotonic” concentration/response relationships exist • Examples are well accepted for both therapeutic and toxic actions of natural and synthetic compounds • “Non-monotonic” curves do not violate fundamental understanding of receptor mediated actions • All complex ...
... • Pharmacologically relevant “non-monotonic” concentration/response relationships exist • Examples are well accepted for both therapeutic and toxic actions of natural and synthetic compounds • “Non-monotonic” curves do not violate fundamental understanding of receptor mediated actions • All complex ...
Human Health and Environmental Risks
... (health/environmental) that can be derived from pollution reduction vs the cost of achieving that reduction. – There is a limit to how much money can be spent before the budgets of other important public services (police, fire, parks departments) are ...
... (health/environmental) that can be derived from pollution reduction vs the cost of achieving that reduction. – There is a limit to how much money can be spent before the budgets of other important public services (police, fire, parks departments) are ...
Chapter 10 – Endocrine System Critical Thinking
... 3) Levels of calcium in the blood are constantly regulated by two hormones. Why is it so vital that calcium levels in the blood be maintained, i.e. what are the vital functions of calcium in the body? Hint: Look in your digestive system and nutrition notes. 4) Why is the pancreas often referred to a ...
... 3) Levels of calcium in the blood are constantly regulated by two hormones. Why is it so vital that calcium levels in the blood be maintained, i.e. what are the vital functions of calcium in the body? Hint: Look in your digestive system and nutrition notes. 4) Why is the pancreas often referred to a ...
Chemicals and Disease
... –Environmental and lifestyle factors account for up to 80% of all cancers ...
... –Environmental and lifestyle factors account for up to 80% of all cancers ...
Technical Comments on the Brochure and updates on EDC
... • Another well known example is the feminization of fish downstream of pulp and paper mill effluents ie could be alkylated PAHs but not estrogens • In general there could be more emphasis on chemicals in consumer products (phthalates, BPA) and pharmaceuticals, and less on POPs • Under “moving forwar ...
... • Another well known example is the feminization of fish downstream of pulp and paper mill effluents ie could be alkylated PAHs but not estrogens • In general there could be more emphasis on chemicals in consumer products (phthalates, BPA) and pharmaceuticals, and less on POPs • Under “moving forwar ...
Bioaccumulation
... • Used widely in products like paints, plastics, etc as softening agents from the 1930’s – 1970’s • Banned in North America in 1977 • There are 209 different congeners (different chemical structures) • PCBs interfere with immune function making an organism more susceptible to disease (ex: cancer) ...
... • Used widely in products like paints, plastics, etc as softening agents from the 1930’s – 1970’s • Banned in North America in 1977 • There are 209 different congeners (different chemical structures) • PCBs interfere with immune function making an organism more susceptible to disease (ex: cancer) ...
2.3 PPT
... & birth deformities have increased. This may be due to: drought, increased UV rays, pollution, habitat loss, parasites & diseases. ...
... & birth deformities have increased. This may be due to: drought, increased UV rays, pollution, habitat loss, parasites & diseases. ...
Screening for Hormone-Like Therapeutic Compounds.pdf
... with the ability to modulate these targets could lead to the development of valuable therapeutics against serious pathological conditions. Typical methods for identifying these compounds have included engineered in vivo reporter systems, as well as in vitro receptor binding assays. More recently, sm ...
... with the ability to modulate these targets could lead to the development of valuable therapeutics against serious pathological conditions. Typical methods for identifying these compounds have included engineered in vivo reporter systems, as well as in vitro receptor binding assays. More recently, sm ...
Slides for Chapter 6a
... HIV-1 Protease complexed with the inhibitor Crixivan (RED) made by Merck ...
... HIV-1 Protease complexed with the inhibitor Crixivan (RED) made by Merck ...
No Slide Title
... – SXR activators may be detoxified by CYP action and not a human risk – But activators may also be toxified by CYP action, increasing the risk. – EDC may have no effect on SXR and therefore more likely to act on other receptors, e.g. ER ...
... – SXR activators may be detoxified by CYP action and not a human risk – But activators may also be toxified by CYP action, increasing the risk. – EDC may have no effect on SXR and therefore more likely to act on other receptors, e.g. ER ...
No Slide Title - Bruce Blumberg
... – SXR activators may be detoxified by CYP action and not a human risk – But activators may also be toxified by CYP action, increasing the risk. – EDC may have no effect on SXR and therefore more likely to act on other receptors, e.g. ER ...
... – SXR activators may be detoxified by CYP action and not a human risk – But activators may also be toxified by CYP action, increasing the risk. – EDC may have no effect on SXR and therefore more likely to act on other receptors, e.g. ER ...
2.3 Effect of Bioaccumulation on Ecosystems
... & birth deformities have increased. This may be due to: drought, increased UV rays, pollution, habitat loss, parasites & diseases. ...
... & birth deformities have increased. This may be due to: drought, increased UV rays, pollution, habitat loss, parasites & diseases. ...
Dose-Response
... Potent rodent liver carcinogens Human exposure is from therapeutic, environmental, industrial and other sources No clear epidemiological evidence for or against carcinogenicity in humans ...
... Potent rodent liver carcinogens Human exposure is from therapeutic, environmental, industrial and other sources No clear epidemiological evidence for or against carcinogenicity in humans ...
Current Paradigms in Environmental Toxicology
... Many things can happen to chemical between release to environment and arrival at the biological site of action ...
... Many things can happen to chemical between release to environment and arrival at the biological site of action ...
Model Description Sheet
... Primary Citation: Manglik, A., Kruse, A., Kobilka, T., Thian, F., Mathiesen, J., Sunahara, R., Pardo, L., Weis, W., Kobilka, B., Granier, S. (2012). Crystal structure of the µ-opioid receptor bound to a morphinan antagonist. Nature 485: 321-326. Abstract: Opium and its derivatives have been used for ...
... Primary Citation: Manglik, A., Kruse, A., Kobilka, T., Thian, F., Mathiesen, J., Sunahara, R., Pardo, L., Weis, W., Kobilka, B., Granier, S. (2012). Crystal structure of the µ-opioid receptor bound to a morphinan antagonist. Nature 485: 321-326. Abstract: Opium and its derivatives have been used for ...
งานนำเสนอ PowerPoint
... any unwanted change from an organism’s normal state dependent upon the concentration of active compound at the target site (receptor)for a sufficient time. ...
... any unwanted change from an organism’s normal state dependent upon the concentration of active compound at the target site (receptor)for a sufficient time. ...
Chapter 17 highlights2
... Toxicology-True or False? • There are about 84,000 chemicals found in everyday objects • About 200 chemicals in use today have undergone testing required by the EPA • A study of umbilical cord blood found an average of 232 chemicals present • Since 1976 the Toxic Substances Control Act has resulted ...
... Toxicology-True or False? • There are about 84,000 chemicals found in everyday objects • About 200 chemicals in use today have undergone testing required by the EPA • A study of umbilical cord blood found an average of 232 chemicals present • Since 1976 the Toxic Substances Control Act has resulted ...
2016 department of medicine research day
... (SERMs), such as tamoxifen (antagonist in BC; partial agonist in uterus) and aromatase inhibitors (block estrogen synthesis) are commonly used to treat ERα-positive tumors. However, a significant proportion of ERα-positive BCs exhibit de novo or acquired resistance to current endocrine therapies due ...
... (SERMs), such as tamoxifen (antagonist in BC; partial agonist in uterus) and aromatase inhibitors (block estrogen synthesis) are commonly used to treat ERα-positive tumors. However, a significant proportion of ERα-positive BCs exhibit de novo or acquired resistance to current endocrine therapies due ...
Toxicodynamics
Toxicodynamics, termed pharmacodynamics in pharmacology, describes the dynamic interactions of a toxicant with a biological target and its biological effects. A biological target, also known as the site of action, can be binding proteins, ion channels, DNA, or a variety of other receptors. When a toxicant enters an organism, it can interact with these receptors and produce structural or functional alterations. The mechanism of action of the toxicant, as determined by a toxicant’s chemical properties, will determine what receptors are targeted and the overall toxic effect at the cellular level and organismal level.Toxicants have been grouped together according to their chemical properties by way of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), which allows prediction of toxic action based on these properties. endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and carcinogens are examples of classes of toxicants that can act as QSARs. EDCs mimic or block transcriptional activation normally caused by natural steroid hormones. These types of chemicals can act on androgen receptors, estrogen receptors and thyroid hormone receptors. This mechanism can include such toxicants as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Another class of chemicals, carcinogens, are substances that cause cancer and can be classified as genotoxic or nongenotoxic carcinogens. These categories include toxicants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The process of toxicodynamics can be useful for application in environmental risk assessment by implementing toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models. TKTD models include phenomenas such as time-varying exposure, carry-over toxicity, organism recovery time, effects of mixtures, and extrapolation to untested chemicals and species. Due to their advantages, these types of models may be more applicable for risk assessment than traditional modeling approaches.