Fish model species in human and environmental toxicology Jessica
... Fish models are commonly used in human and eco-toxicity testing to investigate the impact of chemicals on whole organisms. Many important biological functions are conserved between fish species and humans. Therefore fish have a wide utility domain, spanning from basic developmental biology, neuro ...
... Fish models are commonly used in human and eco-toxicity testing to investigate the impact of chemicals on whole organisms. Many important biological functions are conserved between fish species and humans. Therefore fish have a wide utility domain, spanning from basic developmental biology, neuro ...
Pharmacodynamics What the drug does to the body?
... Anti-neoplastics e.g., 5-FU (5-fluorouracil) inhibits RNA synthesis Antimicrobials such as sulfonamide drugs, which inhibit dihydrofolate synthesis in bacteria by competing with para-aminobenzoic acid ...
... Anti-neoplastics e.g., 5-FU (5-fluorouracil) inhibits RNA synthesis Antimicrobials such as sulfonamide drugs, which inhibit dihydrofolate synthesis in bacteria by competing with para-aminobenzoic acid ...
Everything is Connected powerpoint
... Science Everything is Connected Section 18.1 Pages 480 to 483 ...
... Science Everything is Connected Section 18.1 Pages 480 to 483 ...
The Carlat Psychiatry Report ROZEREM (ramelteon) Fact Sheet
... • Half life is somewhat confusing. While it is listed as “1-2.6 hours,” this refers only to the halflife of the parent drug. One if its metabolites, “M-II” is highly bioactive and has a half life of 2 to 5 hours. Thus, the overall half life may well be greater than 5 to 6 hours, depending on the ind ...
... • Half life is somewhat confusing. While it is listed as “1-2.6 hours,” this refers only to the halflife of the parent drug. One if its metabolites, “M-II” is highly bioactive and has a half life of 2 to 5 hours. Thus, the overall half life may well be greater than 5 to 6 hours, depending on the ind ...
Corticosteroid
... hormone receptors that are not lipophilic and cannot move through the membrane on their own (G‐ protein coupled). Unoccupied receptors have chaperone proteins (or heat shock proteins) bound to them that inhibit a cellular response. Once the hormone binds the receptor, it moves into the nucleus w ...
... hormone receptors that are not lipophilic and cannot move through the membrane on their own (G‐ protein coupled). Unoccupied receptors have chaperone proteins (or heat shock proteins) bound to them that inhibit a cellular response. Once the hormone binds the receptor, it moves into the nucleus w ...
Understanding Our Environment
... foreign by white blood cells and stimulate the production of specific antibodies. - Other allergens act indirectly by binding to other materials so they become antigenic. Sick Building Syndrome ...
... foreign by white blood cells and stimulate the production of specific antibodies. - Other allergens act indirectly by binding to other materials so they become antigenic. Sick Building Syndrome ...
Steroids: Estrogen and Progestin
... • Estrogens exert their effects by interaction with receptors that are members of the super family of nuclear receptors • The two estrogen receptor (ER) genes are located on separate chromosomes: ESR1 encodes ER-alpha and ESR2 encodes ERbeta • Both ERs are estrogen-dependent nuclear transcription fa ...
... • Estrogens exert their effects by interaction with receptors that are members of the super family of nuclear receptors • The two estrogen receptor (ER) genes are located on separate chromosomes: ESR1 encodes ER-alpha and ESR2 encodes ERbeta • Both ERs are estrogen-dependent nuclear transcription fa ...
Pharmacology
... Pharmacologists work to identify drug targets in order to learn how drugs work. Pharmacologists also study the ways in which drugs are modified within organisms. In most of the pharmacologic specialties, drugs are also used today as tools to gain insight into both normal and abnormal function. ...
... Pharmacologists work to identify drug targets in order to learn how drugs work. Pharmacologists also study the ways in which drugs are modified within organisms. In most of the pharmacologic specialties, drugs are also used today as tools to gain insight into both normal and abnormal function. ...
- SlideBoom
... AC220 selectively inhibits class III receptor tyrosine kinases, including FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3/STK1), colonystimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R/FMS), stem cell factor receptor (SCFR/KIT), and platelet derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs), resulting in inhibition of ligandindepend ...
... AC220 selectively inhibits class III receptor tyrosine kinases, including FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3/STK1), colonystimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R/FMS), stem cell factor receptor (SCFR/KIT), and platelet derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs), resulting in inhibition of ligandindepend ...
More Selective Serotonin Receptor Agonists
... The serotonergic receptor system has been linked to depression, anxiety, social phobia, schizophrenia, obsessivecompulsive disorder, panic disorder, migraine, hypertension and eating disorders. Serotonin receptors are believed to partly mediate the effects of several antipsychotics and antidepressan ...
... The serotonergic receptor system has been linked to depression, anxiety, social phobia, schizophrenia, obsessivecompulsive disorder, panic disorder, migraine, hypertension and eating disorders. Serotonin receptors are believed to partly mediate the effects of several antipsychotics and antidepressan ...
P028 Elucidating direct binding contacts between vasopressin and
... The V1a vasopressin receptor (V1aR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) belonging to the rhodopsin-like, Family A, GPCRs. V1aR is activated by the neurohypophysial peptide hormone [arginine8]vasopressin (AVP) to generate a wide range of physiological responses. Elucidating the specific residues t ...
... The V1a vasopressin receptor (V1aR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) belonging to the rhodopsin-like, Family A, GPCRs. V1aR is activated by the neurohypophysial peptide hormone [arginine8]vasopressin (AVP) to generate a wide range of physiological responses. Elucidating the specific residues t ...
-what are the interactions between the level of biological community.
... -WHAT ARE THE INTERACTIONS ...
... -WHAT ARE THE INTERACTIONS ...
IMS-P21 Discovery of ASP5736, a Novel 5
... tissues. 5-HT5A KO mice were reported to show increased exploratory activity in response to novel environments. These observations suggested that the 5-HT5A receptor is involved in regulation of mood, affective disorder, and cognitive function. Therefore, the 5-HT5A receptor is considered as a poten ...
... tissues. 5-HT5A KO mice were reported to show increased exploratory activity in response to novel environments. These observations suggested that the 5-HT5A receptor is involved in regulation of mood, affective disorder, and cognitive function. Therefore, the 5-HT5A receptor is considered as a poten ...
Power point Notes
... Much more has entered ecosystems through the burning of fossil fuels, waste incineration, mining and the manufacture of items like batteries. Coal burning adds 40% of of the mercury released into the atmosphere. Mercury bioaccumulates in the brain, heart and kidneys of many animals. ...
... Much more has entered ecosystems through the burning of fossil fuels, waste incineration, mining and the manufacture of items like batteries. Coal burning adds 40% of of the mercury released into the atmosphere. Mercury bioaccumulates in the brain, heart and kidneys of many animals. ...
Bioaccumulation Notes
... of organisms but are released from storage when the fat is burned for energy These chemicals can be harmful to the organism if they are not (chemically changed) or are not in the feces or urine Synthetic and organic chemicals can affect the system, system and system and may cause birth defects i ...
... of organisms but are released from storage when the fat is burned for energy These chemicals can be harmful to the organism if they are not (chemically changed) or are not in the feces or urine Synthetic and organic chemicals can affect the system, system and system and may cause birth defects i ...
Structure and Function of Marine Ecosystems
... An ecosystem is a geographically specified system of organisms (including humans), the environment, and the processes that control its dynamics. ...
... An ecosystem is a geographically specified system of organisms (including humans), the environment, and the processes that control its dynamics. ...
Powerpoint Presentation
... Toxicity to vertebrates (eg. birds that may eat treated seeds) only conducted in handful of species Sub-lethal effects not studied in most organisms ...
... Toxicity to vertebrates (eg. birds that may eat treated seeds) only conducted in handful of species Sub-lethal effects not studied in most organisms ...
Slide 1
... Toxicity to vertebrates (eg. birds that may eat treated seeds) only conducted in handful of species Sub-lethal effects not studied in most organisms ...
... Toxicity to vertebrates (eg. birds that may eat treated seeds) only conducted in handful of species Sub-lethal effects not studied in most organisms ...
Chapter 5 Quantitative and Thought Questions 5.1 Patient A`s drug
... 5.1 Patient A’s drug very likely acts to block phospholipase A 2 , whereas patient B’s drug blocks lipoxygenase (see Figure 5.12). 5.2 The chronic loss of exposure of the heart’s receptors to norepinephrine causes an up-regulation of this receptor type (i.e., more receptors in the heart for norepine ...
... 5.1 Patient A’s drug very likely acts to block phospholipase A 2 , whereas patient B’s drug blocks lipoxygenase (see Figure 5.12). 5.2 The chronic loss of exposure of the heart’s receptors to norepinephrine causes an up-regulation of this receptor type (i.e., more receptors in the heart for norepine ...
Dopamine Theory of Schizophrenia
... Parkinson’s disease (PD) side effects PD = reduced DA in striatum Schizophrenia = too much DA Cocaine/amphetamine increase DA levels and induce schizophrenia type symptoms (stereotype behavior) ...
... Parkinson’s disease (PD) side effects PD = reduced DA in striatum Schizophrenia = too much DA Cocaine/amphetamine increase DA levels and induce schizophrenia type symptoms (stereotype behavior) ...
ppt
... K1=[L]*[R] K2=[LR] At equilibrium, k1=k2. Substituting, k1/k2=[L]*[R]/[LR]=kD, the equilibrium dissociation constant ...
... K1=[L]*[R] K2=[LR] At equilibrium, k1=k2. Substituting, k1/k2=[L]*[R]/[LR]=kD, the equilibrium dissociation constant ...
Ecological Risk Assessment
... Toxicological Endpoints NOAEL = No observable adverse effect level LOAEL ...
... Toxicological Endpoints NOAEL = No observable adverse effect level LOAEL ...
Problemset 6
... engaged by GC, and mineralcorticoid effects are elicited. 4) The anti-estrogen clomiphene and the synthetic Gonadotropin releasing hormone Leuprorelin are both used to treat infertility. Explain the distinct underlying mechanism of these drugs. Leuprorelin, if given as pulse, stimulates FSH and LH r ...
... engaged by GC, and mineralcorticoid effects are elicited. 4) The anti-estrogen clomiphene and the synthetic Gonadotropin releasing hormone Leuprorelin are both used to treat infertility. Explain the distinct underlying mechanism of these drugs. Leuprorelin, if given as pulse, stimulates FSH and LH r ...
Toxicodynamics
Toxicodynamics, termed pharmacodynamics in pharmacology, describes the dynamic interactions of a toxicant with a biological target and its biological effects. A biological target, also known as the site of action, can be binding proteins, ion channels, DNA, or a variety of other receptors. When a toxicant enters an organism, it can interact with these receptors and produce structural or functional alterations. The mechanism of action of the toxicant, as determined by a toxicant’s chemical properties, will determine what receptors are targeted and the overall toxic effect at the cellular level and organismal level.Toxicants have been grouped together according to their chemical properties by way of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), which allows prediction of toxic action based on these properties. endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and carcinogens are examples of classes of toxicants that can act as QSARs. EDCs mimic or block transcriptional activation normally caused by natural steroid hormones. These types of chemicals can act on androgen receptors, estrogen receptors and thyroid hormone receptors. This mechanism can include such toxicants as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Another class of chemicals, carcinogens, are substances that cause cancer and can be classified as genotoxic or nongenotoxic carcinogens. These categories include toxicants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The process of toxicodynamics can be useful for application in environmental risk assessment by implementing toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models. TKTD models include phenomenas such as time-varying exposure, carry-over toxicity, organism recovery time, effects of mixtures, and extrapolation to untested chemicals and species. Due to their advantages, these types of models may be more applicable for risk assessment than traditional modeling approaches.