Losartar is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist drug used mainly to
... account for its nephroprotective effects.[4] Effects on TGF-β expression may also ...
... account for its nephroprotective effects.[4] Effects on TGF-β expression may also ...
Document
... A small # of drugs produce their physiological effect without interacting with receptors. Examples: Drugs that bind to enzymes interfere with the normal activity of the enzyme in one of 2 ways CompetitiveNon-competitiveDrugs can also bind to membrane transport proteins (competitively and non-compet ...
... A small # of drugs produce their physiological effect without interacting with receptors. Examples: Drugs that bind to enzymes interfere with the normal activity of the enzyme in one of 2 ways CompetitiveNon-competitiveDrugs can also bind to membrane transport proteins (competitively and non-compet ...
Cancer Chemotherapy-2
... growth receptor that has intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. Trastuzumab binds to HER2 sites in breast cancer tissue and inhibits the proliferation of cells that overexpress the HER2 protein, thereby decreasing the number of cells in the S phase. ...
... growth receptor that has intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. Trastuzumab binds to HER2 sites in breast cancer tissue and inhibits the proliferation of cells that overexpress the HER2 protein, thereby decreasing the number of cells in the S phase. ...
Application of Complementary DNA Microarray
... (919) 541-3205; Fax: (919) 541-7784; E-mail: [email protected]. ...
... (919) 541-3205; Fax: (919) 541-7784; E-mail: [email protected]. ...
Dose-Response Concept
... those of cocaine but with a longer duration in the blood plasma (three to five times as long). ...
... those of cocaine but with a longer duration in the blood plasma (three to five times as long). ...
Nuclear Receptor Program Fact Sheet Plexxikon
... related cardiovascular disorders is most advanced at the clinical development stage. Plexxikon pursues drug discovery in nuclear receptors through a strategy to access low molecular weight chemical scaffolds that have previously not been exploited. Plexxikon’s Scaffold-Based Drug DiscoveryTM starts ...
... related cardiovascular disorders is most advanced at the clinical development stage. Plexxikon pursues drug discovery in nuclear receptors through a strategy to access low molecular weight chemical scaffolds that have previously not been exploited. Plexxikon’s Scaffold-Based Drug DiscoveryTM starts ...
Human Impact on Ecosystems - Hyndland Secondary School
... Heavy metals – Interfere with enzyme action/ biochemical processes – Result of industrial activity, common at foundry sites/ gas works – Can be removed by expensive soil cleaning – Reeds may be able to concentrate and so remove them in their tissues ...
... Heavy metals – Interfere with enzyme action/ biochemical processes – Result of industrial activity, common at foundry sites/ gas works – Can be removed by expensive soil cleaning – Reeds may be able to concentrate and so remove them in their tissues ...
Increasing impact of oestrogen pollution through climate change
... deposition, etc. There, they can persist for years and bioaccumulate up the food chain. Exposure to these chemicals can disrupt several bodily systems, leading to changes in a number of wildlife species. For example, the presence of both male and female characteristics within the same fish (intersex ...
... deposition, etc. There, they can persist for years and bioaccumulate up the food chain. Exposure to these chemicals can disrupt several bodily systems, leading to changes in a number of wildlife species. For example, the presence of both male and female characteristics within the same fish (intersex ...
14.2 Community Interactions
... • There are three major types of symbiotic relationships. Close ecological relationship between 2+ species in direct contact with one another – Mutualism: both organisms benefit (+/+) ...
... • There are three major types of symbiotic relationships. Close ecological relationship between 2+ species in direct contact with one another – Mutualism: both organisms benefit (+/+) ...
Lecture Contents -
... • Derived from toxicon (gr.) = arrow • Paracelsus (1493-1541): “Dosis facit venenum” (the right dose differentiates a poison from a remedy) • Defined as the science of adverse effects on biological systems • Modern toxicology requires an integrated approach ...
... • Derived from toxicon (gr.) = arrow • Paracelsus (1493-1541): “Dosis facit venenum” (the right dose differentiates a poison from a remedy) • Defined as the science of adverse effects on biological systems • Modern toxicology requires an integrated approach ...
Ecosystems Unit Review
... producers to primary consumer to secondary consumers and then top consumers. 9. Detrivores obtain nutrients from dead plant and animal matter and waste. An example is the earthworm. Omnivores are both primary and secondary consumers that eat living plant and animal material. Herbivores are primary c ...
... producers to primary consumer to secondary consumers and then top consumers. 9. Detrivores obtain nutrients from dead plant and animal matter and waste. An example is the earthworm. Omnivores are both primary and secondary consumers that eat living plant and animal material. Herbivores are primary c ...
Group 2 Food Toxicokinetics
... The dose–response relationship, describes the change in effect on an organism caused by differing levels of exposure or doses to a stressor usually a chemical after a certain exposure time. This may apply to individuals or populations. The science of toxicology is based on the principle that there ...
... The dose–response relationship, describes the change in effect on an organism caused by differing levels of exposure or doses to a stressor usually a chemical after a certain exposure time. This may apply to individuals or populations. The science of toxicology is based on the principle that there ...
Drug-Receptor Interactions
... G-protein-linked receptors compose a large class of membrane-bound receptors. The protein structure of these receptors includes a common seven-membered transmembrane domain. In general, receptors linked to G proteins greatly amplify the biologic signal because they activate G proteins, which in turn ...
... G-protein-linked receptors compose a large class of membrane-bound receptors. The protein structure of these receptors includes a common seven-membered transmembrane domain. In general, receptors linked to G proteins greatly amplify the biologic signal because they activate G proteins, which in turn ...
Steroids: Estrogens, Synthetic Estrogens, Estrogen Antagonists
... In 1929 Adolf Butenandt and Edward Adelbert Doisy independently isolated and determined the structure of estrogen. The first orally effective estrogen, Emmenin, was derived from the late-pregnancy urine of Canadian women, and was introduced in 1930 ...
... In 1929 Adolf Butenandt and Edward Adelbert Doisy independently isolated and determined the structure of estrogen. The first orally effective estrogen, Emmenin, was derived from the late-pregnancy urine of Canadian women, and was introduced in 1930 ...
Interdependence Among Living Systems
... — In what ways do organisms depend on each other? — How are organisms and their environment ...
... — In what ways do organisms depend on each other? — How are organisms and their environment ...
Signal Transduction 1. Describe how epinephrine coordinately
... mutations in Ras that block its intrinsic GTPase activity result in cancer cell division even when hormone is not bound to the EGF receptor. 3. Name the two peptide hormones that are most responsible for regulating blood glucose levels in humans and briefly describe the primary function of each. 4. ...
... mutations in Ras that block its intrinsic GTPase activity result in cancer cell division even when hormone is not bound to the EGF receptor. 3. Name the two peptide hormones that are most responsible for regulating blood glucose levels in humans and briefly describe the primary function of each. 4. ...
Extrapolating to time-varying exposure using biology
... Scientifically interesting response of growth, reproduction and survival? reversibility of effects? how does this translate to population impact and recovery? Specifically relevant for risk assessment accidental spills plant-protection products industrial chemicals; ‘intermittent release ...
... Scientifically interesting response of growth, reproduction and survival? reversibility of effects? how does this translate to population impact and recovery? Specifically relevant for risk assessment accidental spills plant-protection products industrial chemicals; ‘intermittent release ...
NICHE CONCEPT Every organism has a place to live in nature, a
... Every organism has a place to live in nature, a functional role in that place, and a complex set of adaptations for reproducing its kind. On the surface, this observation might seem to be obvious, even trivial. However, in order to understand our biological world—the biosphere, how it operates and u ...
... Every organism has a place to live in nature, a functional role in that place, and a complex set of adaptations for reproducing its kind. On the surface, this observation might seem to be obvious, even trivial. However, in order to understand our biological world—the biosphere, how it operates and u ...
Slides - Society for Risk Analysis
... • Circumstances where some pathological process has already used up all the reserve capacity of the organism to respond to an additional challenge without additional damage (e.g. infarction causes heart muscle cell death that may be marginally worsened by incremental exposure to carbon monoxide) ...
... • Circumstances where some pathological process has already used up all the reserve capacity of the organism to respond to an additional challenge without additional damage (e.g. infarction causes heart muscle cell death that may be marginally worsened by incremental exposure to carbon monoxide) ...
Bioaccumulation/Magnifaction Notes
... web. When orcas consume food contaminated with PCBs, they store some of the PCBs in their blubber. When salmon (their primary food) is not available, orcas use their blubber for energy. This releases PCBs into their system. Pollutants can build up to toxic levels in organisms at the top of the food ...
... web. When orcas consume food contaminated with PCBs, they store some of the PCBs in their blubber. When salmon (their primary food) is not available, orcas use their blubber for energy. This releases PCBs into their system. Pollutants can build up to toxic levels in organisms at the top of the food ...
Phase 3 studies of enobosarm
... This presentation and our remarks based upon it, including responses to questions made during and following the presentation, may include forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to the risks and uncertainties we discuss in detail in our reports filed with the Securities & Exchange Co ...
... This presentation and our remarks based upon it, including responses to questions made during and following the presentation, may include forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to the risks and uncertainties we discuss in detail in our reports filed with the Securities & Exchange Co ...
people.umass.edu
... ● Invasive species are still spreading ○ not necessarily at equilibrium with their environment! ● Current distributions are not reliable in predicting future risk. ...
... ● Invasive species are still spreading ○ not necessarily at equilibrium with their environment! ● Current distributions are not reliable in predicting future risk. ...
GABA Recognition Site
... o Reduce the sedative/hypnotic response thresholds to baclofen without displaying effects themselves o When administered alone they display anxiolytic, but not antidepressant, effects in laboratory animals without causing sedation, muscle relaxation or cognitive dysfunction ...
... o Reduce the sedative/hypnotic response thresholds to baclofen without displaying effects themselves o When administered alone they display anxiolytic, but not antidepressant, effects in laboratory animals without causing sedation, muscle relaxation or cognitive dysfunction ...
Toxicodynamics
Toxicodynamics, termed pharmacodynamics in pharmacology, describes the dynamic interactions of a toxicant with a biological target and its biological effects. A biological target, also known as the site of action, can be binding proteins, ion channels, DNA, or a variety of other receptors. When a toxicant enters an organism, it can interact with these receptors and produce structural or functional alterations. The mechanism of action of the toxicant, as determined by a toxicant’s chemical properties, will determine what receptors are targeted and the overall toxic effect at the cellular level and organismal level.Toxicants have been grouped together according to their chemical properties by way of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), which allows prediction of toxic action based on these properties. endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and carcinogens are examples of classes of toxicants that can act as QSARs. EDCs mimic or block transcriptional activation normally caused by natural steroid hormones. These types of chemicals can act on androgen receptors, estrogen receptors and thyroid hormone receptors. This mechanism can include such toxicants as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDE) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Another class of chemicals, carcinogens, are substances that cause cancer and can be classified as genotoxic or nongenotoxic carcinogens. These categories include toxicants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The process of toxicodynamics can be useful for application in environmental risk assessment by implementing toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models. TKTD models include phenomenas such as time-varying exposure, carry-over toxicity, organism recovery time, effects of mixtures, and extrapolation to untested chemicals and species. Due to their advantages, these types of models may be more applicable for risk assessment than traditional modeling approaches.