Influence of Alternate Host Densities on Brown
... influenced by density of the host species,althoughtests of host density are relatively rare. We examined parasitismrates relative to the density of individual host speciesand densities of coexisting host species. We monitored 392 nests among coexisting host species and measuredtheir densitiesamong s ...
... influenced by density of the host species,althoughtests of host density are relatively rare. We examined parasitismrates relative to the density of individual host speciesand densities of coexisting host species. We monitored 392 nests among coexisting host species and measuredtheir densitiesamong s ...
Ecological enhancement of an aphid parasitoid
... rates of parasitism. Field surveys of natural aphid populations in a wheat Triticum aestivum (L.) (c.v. Otane) (Gramineae) field showed that proximity to floral buckwheat patches, distance to the nearest edge or the leeward end of the field were not significantly correlated with rates of parasitism. ...
... rates of parasitism. Field surveys of natural aphid populations in a wheat Triticum aestivum (L.) (c.v. Otane) (Gramineae) field showed that proximity to floral buckwheat patches, distance to the nearest edge or the leeward end of the field were not significantly correlated with rates of parasitism. ...
PREDATORY AND PARASITIC LEPIDOPTERA
... Noctuoidea and Papilionoidea (Tables 1, 2 & 3). The only entirely carnivorous families are the Epipyropidae and the Cyclotornidae in the Zygaenoidea. The Epipyropidae is a small family of perhaps as many as 40 species in 11 genera (Davis 1987 and pers. comm ., Krampl & Dlabola 1983) . The larvae are ...
... Noctuoidea and Papilionoidea (Tables 1, 2 & 3). The only entirely carnivorous families are the Epipyropidae and the Cyclotornidae in the Zygaenoidea. The Epipyropidae is a small family of perhaps as many as 40 species in 11 genera (Davis 1987 and pers. comm ., Krampl & Dlabola 1983) . The larvae are ...
Biology of Predation
... oceanic plankton from moving waves-this can be either plant, animal, or protist. ...
... oceanic plankton from moving waves-this can be either plant, animal, or protist. ...
View or print this publication - Jim Cronin
... control the variation among naturally occurring planthopper eggs, except to eliminate older host embryos from the patch. Eight potted cordgrass plants, each with two hostegg clutches, were placed in each of the 26 cordgrass patches. Four pots were positioned along the patch border (edge pots), one a ...
... control the variation among naturally occurring planthopper eggs, except to eliminate older host embryos from the patch. Eight potted cordgrass plants, each with two hostegg clutches, were placed in each of the 26 cordgrass patches. Four pots were positioned along the patch border (edge pots), one a ...
Biological Control - Parasite Ecology Group
... consumes one and only one host. Infection by a single miracidium ultimately causes the castration (reproductive death) and/or premature mortality ‘of one and only one host. Several other life history and trophic interaction similarities between parasitic castrators and parasitoids will be given else ...
... consumes one and only one host. Infection by a single miracidium ultimately causes the castration (reproductive death) and/or premature mortality ‘of one and only one host. Several other life history and trophic interaction similarities between parasitic castrators and parasitoids will be given else ...
the origin of specificity by means of natural selection
... Infection is a property of an interaction between the host and the pathogen, and it is therefore presumptuous to ascribe a failure of infection as being a host property without considering it also a feature of the pathogen. Here, we argue that the failure to infect nonhost species may be the result ...
... Infection is a property of an interaction between the host and the pathogen, and it is therefore presumptuous to ascribe a failure of infection as being a host property without considering it also a feature of the pathogen. Here, we argue that the failure to infect nonhost species may be the result ...
Habitat management and the use of plant-based control biológico por conservación
... Clements and Yeargan 1997). Within soybeans, O. insidiosus and N. americoferus prefer to reside on different plant parts, and are thus presumed to have minimal interactions (Clements and Yeargan 1997). A recent literature review on the reproductive ecology of predaceous Heteroptera by Lundgren (2011 ...
... Clements and Yeargan 1997). Within soybeans, O. insidiosus and N. americoferus prefer to reside on different plant parts, and are thus presumed to have minimal interactions (Clements and Yeargan 1997). A recent literature review on the reproductive ecology of predaceous Heteroptera by Lundgren (2011 ...
Interactions between Micro- and Macroparasites Predict
... hypothesis that helminth (macroparasite) infection provides an opportunity for intracellular and extracellular microparasites to establish within primate hosts due to helminth-induced suppression of antimicroparasite immunity (which we call the “macro-micro facilitation hypothesis”). In a comparativ ...
... hypothesis that helminth (macroparasite) infection provides an opportunity for intracellular and extracellular microparasites to establish within primate hosts due to helminth-induced suppression of antimicroparasite immunity (which we call the “macro-micro facilitation hypothesis”). In a comparativ ...
Name That Relationship!
... return to the soil the cellulose materials of decaying wood. They get nutrition from wood and other cellulose materials, but cannot digest the cellulose themselves. The termites depend on onecelled protozoa to break down the cellulose in their stomachs so they can use it as food. NAME ...
... return to the soil the cellulose materials of decaying wood. They get nutrition from wood and other cellulose materials, but cannot digest the cellulose themselves. The termites depend on onecelled protozoa to break down the cellulose in their stomachs so they can use it as food. NAME ...
Coextinction and Persistence of Dependent Species in a Changing
... of coextinction or the likelihood of historical coextinction of an affiliate (Koh et al. 2004a, Moir et al. 2010). Two examples epitomize how difficult this can be. The lice of the passenger pigeon, once the most abundant bird in North America (Webb 1986) but extinct since 1914, provided the first publ ...
... of coextinction or the likelihood of historical coextinction of an affiliate (Koh et al. 2004a, Moir et al. 2010). Two examples epitomize how difficult this can be. The lice of the passenger pigeon, once the most abundant bird in North America (Webb 1986) but extinct since 1914, provided the first publ ...
Experimental evidence for fundamental, and not realized, niche
... 1. Patterns of niche partitioning can result from local ecological interactions (e.g. interspecific competition) occurring within a contemporary time frame (realized niche partitioning). Alternatively, they may represent the end product of historical processes acting over long time frames (fundament ...
... 1. Patterns of niche partitioning can result from local ecological interactions (e.g. interspecific competition) occurring within a contemporary time frame (realized niche partitioning). Alternatively, they may represent the end product of historical processes acting over long time frames (fundament ...
Is a healthy ecosystem one that is rich in parasites?
... Box 1. What is a healthy ecosystem? Health is a vague term that often conjures up images of ‘human health’, where we think of the disease-free status of the individual, a pristine condition without illness and with good prospects of continued survival. By contrast, the term ‘ecosystem health’ is foc ...
... Box 1. What is a healthy ecosystem? Health is a vague term that often conjures up images of ‘human health’, where we think of the disease-free status of the individual, a pristine condition without illness and with good prospects of continued survival. By contrast, the term ‘ecosystem health’ is foc ...
pdf. - Robert Colwell
... of coextinction or the likelihood of historical coextinction of an affiliate (Koh et al. 2004a, Moir et al. 2010). Two examples epitomize how difficult this can be. The lice of the passenger pigeon, once the most abundant bird in North America (Webb 1986) but extinct since 1914, provided the first publ ...
... of coextinction or the likelihood of historical coextinction of an affiliate (Koh et al. 2004a, Moir et al. 2010). Two examples epitomize how difficult this can be. The lice of the passenger pigeon, once the most abundant bird in North America (Webb 1986) but extinct since 1914, provided the first publ ...
How parasites affect interactions between competitors and predators
... parasite–host relationships; one reason being that concepts from foraging theory and behavioural ecology have seldom been applied to parasites. For instance, there is no obvious analogue for parasites of handling time or predator functional response. Nevertheless, as parasites rarely kill their host ...
... parasite–host relationships; one reason being that concepts from foraging theory and behavioural ecology have seldom been applied to parasites. For instance, there is no obvious analogue for parasites of handling time or predator functional response. Nevertheless, as parasites rarely kill their host ...
patterns of cowbird parasitism in the southern atlantic coastal plain
... Coastal Plain and Piedmont. Even among the frequent hosts, overall parasitism rates were low relative to those reported from other regions. Painted Buntings suffered the highest parasitism rate (35.3%), but this rate was based on a moderate sample size, and all nests were from the same site (James I ...
... Coastal Plain and Piedmont. Even among the frequent hosts, overall parasitism rates were low relative to those reported from other regions. Painted Buntings suffered the highest parasitism rate (35.3%), but this rate was based on a moderate sample size, and all nests were from the same site (James I ...
Stick Insects and Praying Mantids
... Using their ability to camouflage is the main survival key for stick insects. Once moving, a walking stick is easily spotted, not only by ourselves but by predators such as the Crested Hawk, of which has a diet containing stick insects. To avoid this predation, stick insects mostly live in amongst t ...
... Using their ability to camouflage is the main survival key for stick insects. Once moving, a walking stick is easily spotted, not only by ourselves but by predators such as the Crested Hawk, of which has a diet containing stick insects. To avoid this predation, stick insects mostly live in amongst t ...
Development and distribution of predators and parasitoids during
... beetle. Nor are species included whose feeding behaviour is unknown. Among these were, for instance, a few Carabidae (Col.), Aphelinidae, Bethylidae, Diapriidae, Eucoilidae, Eulophidae, Ibaliidae, Platygastridae, Trichogrammatidae, Ichneumonidae (all Hym.), Coniopterygidae (Neur.) and Tachinidae (Di ...
... beetle. Nor are species included whose feeding behaviour is unknown. Among these were, for instance, a few Carabidae (Col.), Aphelinidae, Bethylidae, Diapriidae, Eucoilidae, Eulophidae, Ibaliidae, Platygastridae, Trichogrammatidae, Ichneumonidae (all Hym.), Coniopterygidae (Neur.) and Tachinidae (Di ...
Host ontogeny and the temporal decay of similarity in parasite
... Similarity in parasite communities was computed (i) among all possible pairs of individual fish within the same size class, and (ii) among all possible pairs of size classes within a fish species. Two indices of similarity were used: the Jaccard index and the BrayCurtis index (Magurran, 1988). The Jac ...
... Similarity in parasite communities was computed (i) among all possible pairs of individual fish within the same size class, and (ii) among all possible pairs of size classes within a fish species. Two indices of similarity were used: the Jaccard index and the BrayCurtis index (Magurran, 1988). The Jac ...
Populations and Communities
... and plant seeds, and because they are polyphagous predators, the insect prey consumed may consist of herbivores, detritivores or even other carnivores. In fact, since omnivory (feeding on more than one trophic level) is very common (Polis and Strong, 1996; Coll and Guershon, 2002) it is often more h ...
... and plant seeds, and because they are polyphagous predators, the insect prey consumed may consist of herbivores, detritivores or even other carnivores. In fact, since omnivory (feeding on more than one trophic level) is very common (Polis and Strong, 1996; Coll and Guershon, 2002) it is often more h ...
Food web relationships involving Anadiplosis sp. galls
... these are held with the mandibules and masticated before being ingested. AIternatively, the wasp might withdraw the pupae of the Platygasteridae sp. "A" from their puparia, before mashing and ingesting them. Besides this predator, three species of Salticidae (Aranae) (here named Salticidae species A ...
... these are held with the mandibules and masticated before being ingested. AIternatively, the wasp might withdraw the pupae of the Platygasteridae sp. "A" from their puparia, before mashing and ingesting them. Besides this predator, three species of Salticidae (Aranae) (here named Salticidae species A ...
Chapter 31: Fungi
... This chapter describes the morphology, life cycles, evolutionary history, diversity, and economic and ecological importance of the kingdom Fungi. Fungi play an essential ecological role, both as decomposers and by their mycorrhizal association with plant roots. A flagellated protistan may have been ...
... This chapter describes the morphology, life cycles, evolutionary history, diversity, and economic and ecological importance of the kingdom Fungi. Fungi play an essential ecological role, both as decomposers and by their mycorrhizal association with plant roots. A flagellated protistan may have been ...
Intraspecific phytochemical variation shapes community and
... Eois which in turn are hosts to several species of parasitoid wasps and flies (Tepe et al., 2014). The major secondary compounds in the leaves of this species are a specific prenylated benzoic acid, chromene and dimeric chromane, which make up > 95% of the compounds present in the crude extract and ...
... Eois which in turn are hosts to several species of parasitoid wasps and flies (Tepe et al., 2014). The major secondary compounds in the leaves of this species are a specific prenylated benzoic acid, chromene and dimeric chromane, which make up > 95% of the compounds present in the crude extract and ...
Herbivore diet breadth mediates the cascading effects of carnivores
... experimental tests have been limited in several regards. Comparative tests using multiple herbivore species in the same community show reduced attack rates by predators on dietary specialist vs. generalist species (e.g., refs. 20 and 22–24). These studies typically do not account for phylogenetic no ...
... experimental tests have been limited in several regards. Comparative tests using multiple herbivore species in the same community show reduced attack rates by predators on dietary specialist vs. generalist species (e.g., refs. 20 and 22–24). These studies typically do not account for phylogenetic no ...
diversity relationsh
... parasites at the country level. Nonetheless, the ecological mechanisms that drive this pattern have rarely been explored – what are the processes that generate and maintain the correlation between host diversity and parasite diversity? While it is often assumed to stem from niche diversification alo ...
... parasites at the country level. Nonetheless, the ecological mechanisms that drive this pattern have rarely been explored – what are the processes that generate and maintain the correlation between host diversity and parasite diversity? While it is often assumed to stem from niche diversification alo ...
Parasitoid
A parasitoid is an organism that spends a significant portion of its life history attached to or within a single host organism in a relationship that is in essence parasitic; unlike a true parasite, however, it ultimately sterilises or kills, and sometimes consumes, the host. Thus parasitoids are similar to typical parasites except in the more dire prognosis for the host.