ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF MACROLEPIDOPTERA
... host plants, the oviposition preference of female moths and the success of their offspring. Thus, shifts in the composition of caterpillars present on a given host plant might be expected to depend on the vegetation context. Variance in herbivore community composition among individuals of a given ho ...
... host plants, the oviposition preference of female moths and the success of their offspring. Thus, shifts in the composition of caterpillars present on a given host plant might be expected to depend on the vegetation context. Variance in herbivore community composition among individuals of a given ho ...
Evolving aphids: one genome-one organism insects or
... parasitoids has been described in populations of A. pisum (Hufbauer and Via, 1999; Ferrari et al., 2001), M. persicae (von Burg et al., 2008) and Aphis fabae (Vorburger et al., 2009), suggesting that a differential composition of the microbiome strongly affect the survival and reproduction of aphids ...
... parasitoids has been described in populations of A. pisum (Hufbauer and Via, 1999; Ferrari et al., 2001), M. persicae (von Burg et al., 2008) and Aphis fabae (Vorburger et al., 2009), suggesting that a differential composition of the microbiome strongly affect the survival and reproduction of aphids ...
Perennial habitat fragments, parasitoid diversity and
... within approximately a 50 km (north–south) by 30 km (coast– inland) area representing central coast farming in California (Fig. 1a). Monterey, Santa Cruz and San Benito counties support a high diversity of native plant species in a mosaic of wetlands, chaparral, oak woodlands, coastal prairies (Pres ...
... within approximately a 50 km (north–south) by 30 km (coast– inland) area representing central coast farming in California (Fig. 1a). Monterey, Santa Cruz and San Benito counties support a high diversity of native plant species in a mosaic of wetlands, chaparral, oak woodlands, coastal prairies (Pres ...
Coexistence of two anemonefishes, Amphiprion clarkii and A
... Interspecific suppression of reproduction has been reported in two competing damselfishes (genus Dascyllus) which inhabit the same corals (Shpigel & Fishelson 1986) . The two species do not differ greatly in body size and behavior, and frequently interact with each other in the host corals . In each ...
... Interspecific suppression of reproduction has been reported in two competing damselfishes (genus Dascyllus) which inhabit the same corals (Shpigel & Fishelson 1986) . The two species do not differ greatly in body size and behavior, and frequently interact with each other in the host corals . In each ...
Pathogen Spillover in Disease Epidemics
... and Wild Animals and Plants It has long been known that wild animals and plants can harbor disease agents that may be detrimental to domestic animals and crops. Pathogen movement between wild and domestic animals presents some particularly important examples of spillover (Daszak et al. 2000). A rece ...
... and Wild Animals and Plants It has long been known that wild animals and plants can harbor disease agents that may be detrimental to domestic animals and crops. Pathogen movement between wild and domestic animals presents some particularly important examples of spillover (Daszak et al. 2000). A rece ...
The effect of mermithid parasitism on predation of nymphal Baetis
... arsky and Wilcox 1989). If the mayfly can react soon enough, however, non-contact encounters can operate as an early warning system for the mayfly, giving them enough time to detect and drift out of the way of a foraging stonefly (Peckarsky 1987; Williams 1987; Peckarsky and Penton 1989b; Peckarsky ...
... arsky and Wilcox 1989). If the mayfly can react soon enough, however, non-contact encounters can operate as an early warning system for the mayfly, giving them enough time to detect and drift out of the way of a foraging stonefly (Peckarsky 1987; Williams 1987; Peckarsky and Penton 1989b; Peckarsky ...
understanding stability in mutualisms: can extrinsic factors balance
... O. Pellmyr, unpublished data), and may also attack eggs. In addition to ants, parasitoids are known to be important natural enemies of bogus yucca moths in the closely related genus Prodoxus, and in some localities, parasitoids attack Tegeticula at low frequency (Force and Thompson 1984, Powell 1984 ...
... O. Pellmyr, unpublished data), and may also attack eggs. In addition to ants, parasitoids are known to be important natural enemies of bogus yucca moths in the closely related genus Prodoxus, and in some localities, parasitoids attack Tegeticula at low frequency (Force and Thompson 1984, Powell 1984 ...
Aposematic Caterpillars: Life-Styles of the Warningly Colored and
... Fitzgerald and Willer 1983; Damman 1987), and they may be unpalatable due to urticating hairs (Kawamoto and Kumada 1984), defensive glands such as osmete ria (Honda 1983; Damman 1986), or chemicals sequestered from their host plants (Duffey 1980; Blum 1983; Bowers 1990). Insects that are unpalatabl ...
... Fitzgerald and Willer 1983; Damman 1987), and they may be unpalatable due to urticating hairs (Kawamoto and Kumada 1984), defensive glands such as osmete ria (Honda 1983; Damman 1986), or chemicals sequestered from their host plants (Duffey 1980; Blum 1983; Bowers 1990). Insects that are unpalatabl ...
Published version - Queen Mary University of London
... susceptibility to phages and taxonomic diversity of the bacteria (Holmfeldt et al., 2007; Castillo et al., 2014). We know of just a single study that has systematically done the same from the perspective of the phage (Comeau et al., 2006); i.e., compared spatial patterns in host range with taxonomic ...
... susceptibility to phages and taxonomic diversity of the bacteria (Holmfeldt et al., 2007; Castillo et al., 2014). We know of just a single study that has systematically done the same from the perspective of the phage (Comeau et al., 2006); i.e., compared spatial patterns in host range with taxonomic ...
Biogeographic Variation in Host Range Phenotypes and
... susceptibility to phages and taxonomic diversity of the bacteria (Holmfeldt et al., 2007; Castillo et al., 2014). We know of just a single study that has systematically done the same from the perspective of the phage (Comeau et al., 2006); i.e., compared spatial patterns in host range with taxonomic ...
... susceptibility to phages and taxonomic diversity of the bacteria (Holmfeldt et al., 2007; Castillo et al., 2014). We know of just a single study that has systematically done the same from the perspective of the phage (Comeau et al., 2006); i.e., compared spatial patterns in host range with taxonomic ...
Trophic Ecology of the Armadillo Ant, Tatuidris tatusia, Assessed by
... relative to body size, at the apex of the gaster. The latter is projected downward and forward, which probably allows the ant to rapidly deploy its sting (Figure 3, Video 2). All these morphological peculiarities, along with round and smooth body form, suggest (as previously hypothesized) that Tatui ...
... relative to body size, at the apex of the gaster. The latter is projected downward and forward, which probably allows the ant to rapidly deploy its sting (Figure 3, Video 2). All these morphological peculiarities, along with round and smooth body form, suggest (as previously hypothesized) that Tatui ...
HERBIVORE OFFENSE Richard Karban Anurag A. Agrawal
... compensate for suboptimal foods. For example, when faced with a diluted diet, herbivores may eat more, increasing meal size, eating meals more frequently, or altering their diets (Simpson & Simpson 1990, Slansky 1993). It appears that compensatory feeding among insect herbivores occurs as the result ...
... compensate for suboptimal foods. For example, when faced with a diluted diet, herbivores may eat more, increasing meal size, eating meals more frequently, or altering their diets (Simpson & Simpson 1990, Slansky 1993). It appears that compensatory feeding among insect herbivores occurs as the result ...
When parasites become prey - University of Colorado Boulder
... other parasitoids, occur in 17 families of hymenopterans along with some Coleoptera and Diptera ([44]; Figure 1d). A community of 25 meadow aphid species, for example, was attacked by 18 species of primary parasitoids, which were in turn attacked by 25 species of hyperparasitoids [45]. The presence ...
... other parasitoids, occur in 17 families of hymenopterans along with some Coleoptera and Diptera ([44]; Figure 1d). A community of 25 meadow aphid species, for example, was attacked by 18 species of primary parasitoids, which were in turn attacked by 25 species of hyperparasitoids [45]. The presence ...
Johnson et al. 2010 eating parasites
... other parasitoids, occur in 17 families of hymenopterans along with some Coleoptera and Diptera ([44]; Figure 1d). A community of 25 meadow aphid species, for example, was attacked by 18 species of primary parasitoids, which were in turn attacked by 25 species of hyperparasitoids [45]. The presence ...
... other parasitoids, occur in 17 families of hymenopterans along with some Coleoptera and Diptera ([44]; Figure 1d). A community of 25 meadow aphid species, for example, was attacked by 18 species of primary parasitoids, which were in turn attacked by 25 species of hyperparasitoids [45]. The presence ...
Workshop on Kingdom Fungi by Dana Krempels
... that not only perform the vital function of decomposition, but also engage in a wide variety of symbiotic relationships with other species. Although once thought to be related to plants, fungi are now known to share a more recent common ancestor with animals than with plants. Several characteristics ...
... that not only perform the vital function of decomposition, but also engage in a wide variety of symbiotic relationships with other species. Although once thought to be related to plants, fungi are now known to share a more recent common ancestor with animals than with plants. Several characteristics ...
spillover and species interactions across habitat edges between
... natural forest, as predicted based on parasitoid overlap. Finally, several host and parasitoid traits were identified that can predict the degree to which host or parasitoid species will be involved in apparent competition, a finding which may have extensive application in biological control, as wel ...
... natural forest, as predicted based on parasitoid overlap. Finally, several host and parasitoid traits were identified that can predict the degree to which host or parasitoid species will be involved in apparent competition, a finding which may have extensive application in biological control, as wel ...
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
... Bacterial communities are highly diverse and have great ecological importance. In the present study, we used an in silico analysis of terminal restriction fragments (tRF) to characterize the bacterial community of the plant ant Pseudomyrmex ferrugineus. This species is an obligate inhabitant of Acac ...
... Bacterial communities are highly diverse and have great ecological importance. In the present study, we used an in silico analysis of terminal restriction fragments (tRF) to characterize the bacterial community of the plant ant Pseudomyrmex ferrugineus. This species is an obligate inhabitant of Acac ...
Intraguild predation among plant pests
... material on both plant species because of their higher nutritional value. The latter is suggested by the oviposition rate and developmental rate being higher on cucumber leaves provided with whitefly crawlers. Hence, even on this high-quality host plant, it might be advantageous for the thrips larva ...
... material on both plant species because of their higher nutritional value. The latter is suggested by the oviposition rate and developmental rate being higher on cucumber leaves provided with whitefly crawlers. Hence, even on this high-quality host plant, it might be advantageous for the thrips larva ...
Enemies of bees
... body and into the hive (Toumanoff, 1939). Laboratory studies showed that newly hatched larvae mellonella can be found up to50 m away from their hatching site (Nielsen and Brister, 1979). The reproductive behaviour of G. mellonella is not typical of Lepidoptera in that the female seeks out the male w ...
... body and into the hive (Toumanoff, 1939). Laboratory studies showed that newly hatched larvae mellonella can be found up to50 m away from their hatching site (Nielsen and Brister, 1979). The reproductive behaviour of G. mellonella is not typical of Lepidoptera in that the female seeks out the male w ...
juvenile stages of cybdelis, a key genus uniting the diverse
... thus may be related with some trait of this host plant, but frass chains were recorded in larvae of the Paleotropical genera Byblia and Eurytela, both feeding on African species of Tragia (Van ...
... thus may be related with some trait of this host plant, but frass chains were recorded in larvae of the Paleotropical genera Byblia and Eurytela, both feeding on African species of Tragia (Van ...
Contribution of predation and parasitism to mortality of citrus
... measured directly (Southwood and Henderson, 2000). Even when more than one mortality factor is acting contemporaneously, a life table can be constructed and marginal attack rates calculated (Elkington et al., 1992). A variety of predators have been documented to feed on P. citrella. Chen et al. (198 ...
... measured directly (Southwood and Henderson, 2000). Even when more than one mortality factor is acting contemporaneously, a life table can be constructed and marginal attack rates calculated (Elkington et al., 1992). A variety of predators have been documented to feed on P. citrella. Chen et al. (198 ...
Dangerous liaisons: the ecology of private interest and common good
... That an individual host and its parasites share a common interest is intuitively clear: if the host dies, the parasite loses a carrier for transmission to other hosts. Similarly, a plant and a pollinator share a common interest: for both it is important that their interaction works out as it should, ...
... That an individual host and its parasites share a common interest is intuitively clear: if the host dies, the parasite loses a carrier for transmission to other hosts. Similarly, a plant and a pollinator share a common interest: for both it is important that their interaction works out as it should, ...
Summary - University of Amsterdam
... symbiont populations or their photosynthetic pigments, is often related to the production of reactive oxygen species which damage protein and membrane function of both the photosymbiont and the host. Resistance of algal symbionts to environmental stress has often been related to several photoprotect ...
... symbiont populations or their photosynthetic pigments, is often related to the production of reactive oxygen species which damage protein and membrane function of both the photosymbiont and the host. Resistance of algal symbionts to environmental stress has often been related to several photoprotect ...
Araneae: Salticidae
... probably Batesian mimics of the ants with which they are often associated (Mathew, 1954; Edmunds, 1974, 1978). The present paper is a comparative study, in the laboratory and the field, of the predatory behaviour of 31 species of Myrmarachne. Previous work (Jackson, 1986a) included data for one spec ...
... probably Batesian mimics of the ants with which they are often associated (Mathew, 1954; Edmunds, 1974, 1978). The present paper is a comparative study, in the laboratory and the field, of the predatory behaviour of 31 species of Myrmarachne. Previous work (Jackson, 1986a) included data for one spec ...
EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY OF PLANT DISEASES IN NATURAL
... the attack of flowers or developing fruits, thereby preventing fruit production. Few floral diseases have been studied in natural systems, but available data suggest that floral diseases may have large effects on host fecundity. In the Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States, flower galls ...
... the attack of flowers or developing fruits, thereby preventing fruit production. Few floral diseases have been studied in natural systems, but available data suggest that floral diseases may have large effects on host fecundity. In the Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States, flower galls ...
Parasitoid
A parasitoid is an organism that spends a significant portion of its life history attached to or within a single host organism in a relationship that is in essence parasitic; unlike a true parasite, however, it ultimately sterilises or kills, and sometimes consumes, the host. Thus parasitoids are similar to typical parasites except in the more dire prognosis for the host.