Johnson et al. 2013 pnas
... disease ecology involves understanding host–parasite interactions within complex communities (1, 2). Whereas epidemiological research has historically focused on interactions between individual host and parasite species, growing evidence indicates that incorporating more realistic levels of diversit ...
... disease ecology involves understanding host–parasite interactions within complex communities (1, 2). Whereas epidemiological research has historically focused on interactions between individual host and parasite species, growing evidence indicates that incorporating more realistic levels of diversit ...
Effects of landscape context on herbivory and parasitism at different
... on herbivory and parasitism at different spatial scales. – Oikos 101: 18 – 25. Local community structure and interactions have been shown to depend partly on landscape context. In this paper we tested the hypothesis that the spatial scale experienced by an organism depends on its trophic level. We a ...
... on herbivory and parasitism at different spatial scales. – Oikos 101: 18 – 25. Local community structure and interactions have been shown to depend partly on landscape context. In this paper we tested the hypothesis that the spatial scale experienced by an organism depends on its trophic level. We a ...
Johnson et al. 2014 heterogeneity
... or physiology associated with sexual development (Wilson et al. 2001). The absence of parasite reproduction within intermediate amphibian hosts ensures that measured infection represents the product of exposure and host defences only, rather than subsequent replication. Because many infections are a ...
... or physiology associated with sexual development (Wilson et al. 2001). The absence of parasite reproduction within intermediate amphibian hosts ensures that measured infection represents the product of exposure and host defences only, rather than subsequent replication. Because many infections are a ...
Chapter 12 Alcock (Animal Behavior)
... Costs and benefits of parental care • Obviously, one constraint of parental care is the ability the parent has to affect the offspring’s survival. • Barnacles produce many thousands of eggs which are shed into the water and drift away. They develop into larvae and one day settle permanently on a fi ...
... Costs and benefits of parental care • Obviously, one constraint of parental care is the ability the parent has to affect the offspring’s survival. • Barnacles produce many thousands of eggs which are shed into the water and drift away. They develop into larvae and one day settle permanently on a fi ...
PDF - This Chapter (1.1 MB)
... The following table describes troubleshooting suggestions for issues that you might encounter. Issue ...
... The following table describes troubleshooting suggestions for issues that you might encounter. Issue ...
Cuckoos, cowbirds and hosts: adaptations, trade
... and constraint is the composition of the parasitic egg. Kattan (1995) showed that shiny cowbird eggs have a reduced energy content to reduce incubation length. This provides the parasitic chick with a head-start but the price to pay is a lower hatchling mass. This might be a constraint to successful ...
... and constraint is the composition of the parasitic egg. Kattan (1995) showed that shiny cowbird eggs have a reduced energy content to reduce incubation length. This provides the parasitic chick with a head-start but the price to pay is a lower hatchling mass. This might be a constraint to successful ...
Parasitic plants: parallels and contrasts with herbivores
... plants may vary depending on host species (Chuang and Heckard 1971; Snogerup 1982; Seel and Press 1993; Marvier 1996; Matthies 1998). The causes and significance of this variation remain obscure, but could result from host hormones interfering with physiological control of the parasite (Seel and Pre ...
... plants may vary depending on host species (Chuang and Heckard 1971; Snogerup 1982; Seel and Press 1993; Marvier 1996; Matthies 1998). The causes and significance of this variation remain obscure, but could result from host hormones interfering with physiological control of the parasite (Seel and Pre ...
1 - The Many Roads to Parasitism: A Tale of Convergence
... certain circumstances, breaks down in many cases, such as ‘mesoparasitic’ copepods that are partially embedded in host tissues but still exposed to the external aquatic habitat (Boxshall and Halsey, 2004). Parasites are also sometimes classified based on their life cycle patterns, for example, paras ...
... certain circumstances, breaks down in many cases, such as ‘mesoparasitic’ copepods that are partially embedded in host tissues but still exposed to the external aquatic habitat (Boxshall and Halsey, 2004). Parasites are also sometimes classified based on their life cycle patterns, for example, paras ...
Resource-driven terrestrial interaction webs
... Terrestrial food webs based on living plants may well represent 75% of global terrestrial biodiversity. The majority of component species are specialists and a large proportion is parasitic as herbivores and carnivores, with consequences for high sensitivity to heterogeneity on a variety of scales. ...
... Terrestrial food webs based on living plants may well represent 75% of global terrestrial biodiversity. The majority of component species are specialists and a large proportion is parasitic as herbivores and carnivores, with consequences for high sensitivity to heterogeneity on a variety of scales. ...
Science 5th primary 1st term unite 3 lesson 1 Symbiosis It is a
... 1 – some dogs, cats and birds which we have at home can be hurt by worms and some of these worms can infect human. 2 – to protect man and these living organisms, follow the proper way of cleaning and visit the veterinaries regularly to check them. ...
... 1 – some dogs, cats and birds which we have at home can be hurt by worms and some of these worms can infect human. 2 – to protect man and these living organisms, follow the proper way of cleaning and visit the veterinaries regularly to check them. ...
sHort CoMuniCation. first rePort of flesH flY eGGs (diPtera
... achatinus are coleopterans and hymenopterans. However, it has been demonstrated that this species is highly generalist, choosing its prey depending on the availability of resources (Lynch & Duellman, 1997). For this reason, we would suggest that the frog could have ingested a female fly with eggs, a ...
... achatinus are coleopterans and hymenopterans. However, it has been demonstrated that this species is highly generalist, choosing its prey depending on the availability of resources (Lynch & Duellman, 1997). For this reason, we would suggest that the frog could have ingested a female fly with eggs, a ...
Biology Unit 2 Study Guide
... In the summer, the sugary nectar secreted by the milkweed's flowers attracts many bees, butterflies, moths, and a variety of smaller insects that carry away pollen when they depart. Milkweed nectar seems to be the major source of nutrition for several species of small moths, flies, mosquitoes, and a ...
... In the summer, the sugary nectar secreted by the milkweed's flowers attracts many bees, butterflies, moths, and a variety of smaller insects that carry away pollen when they depart. Milkweed nectar seems to be the major source of nutrition for several species of small moths, flies, mosquitoes, and a ...
Chapter 12
... Chapter 14 1. A species feeding on the tissue of its host, while not killing it directly, is a a) predator. b) parasite. c) parasitoid. d) cannibal. e) debilitator. Answer: B 2. An organism inducing disease in its host is called a ______________. Answer: pathogen 3. A “negatively phototaxic” amphipo ...
... Chapter 14 1. A species feeding on the tissue of its host, while not killing it directly, is a a) predator. b) parasite. c) parasitoid. d) cannibal. e) debilitator. Answer: B 2. An organism inducing disease in its host is called a ______________. Answer: pathogen 3. A “negatively phototaxic” amphipo ...
What information can a Forensic Entomologist provide at the death
... What information can a Forensic Entomologist provide at the death scene? Forensic entomologists are commonly called upon to determine the postmortem interval or "time since death" in homicide investigations. More specifically, the forensic entomologist estimates a portion of the postmortem interval ...
... What information can a Forensic Entomologist provide at the death scene? Forensic entomologists are commonly called upon to determine the postmortem interval or "time since death" in homicide investigations. More specifically, the forensic entomologist estimates a portion of the postmortem interval ...
Milkwood forests under attack by gypsy moths
... inducing hairs as the caterpillars have on their abdomen, and these are even incorporated into the egg mass. This protection probably explains why these moths are able to fly slowly during the day as few predators bother them. The well-protected caterpillars feed continuously on each leaf, leaving o ...
... inducing hairs as the caterpillars have on their abdomen, and these are even incorporated into the egg mass. This protection probably explains why these moths are able to fly slowly during the day as few predators bother them. The well-protected caterpillars feed continuously on each leaf, leaving o ...
Engage: Biological Relationship Tic-Tac-Toe
... Instructions: Read each passage below with your partner and interpret the relationship of the pair of organisms. If the organism benefits from the interaction, place a plus (+) sign in the box. If the organism is unaffected from the interaction, place a zero (0) in the box. If the organism is harmed ...
... Instructions: Read each passage below with your partner and interpret the relationship of the pair of organisms. If the organism benefits from the interaction, place a plus (+) sign in the box. If the organism is unaffected from the interaction, place a zero (0) in the box. If the organism is harmed ...
3 Larval ecology jh 2009
... (benefit) and offspring forgone (cost) • Reproductive effort (RE) —the proportion of energy put into reproducing, as opposed to growth or fecundity— • Optimal RE occurs at the pt of max distance between offspring produced and offspring forgone. ...
... (benefit) and offspring forgone (cost) • Reproductive effort (RE) —the proportion of energy put into reproducing, as opposed to growth or fecundity— • Optimal RE occurs at the pt of max distance between offspring produced and offspring forgone. ...
Parasites as predators - University of South Florida
... competition and enemy-mediated facilitation between prey or host species (H) mediated by natural enemies (P). The first row indicates the gradient from apparent competition to indirect amensalism to unidirectional facilitation via a single natural enemy. The curved dashed arrow indicates the indirec ...
... competition and enemy-mediated facilitation between prey or host species (H) mediated by natural enemies (P). The first row indicates the gradient from apparent competition to indirect amensalism to unidirectional facilitation via a single natural enemy. The curved dashed arrow indicates the indirec ...
S. altissima
... host associations were mapped on the resultant consensus tree. These clades were used to assign individuals for the haplotype mismatch analysis. To address how many unique haplotypes exist and the structure of their relationships, 56 flies sequenced for both COI and COII (2277 bp) were reduced to un ...
... host associations were mapped on the resultant consensus tree. These clades were used to assign individuals for the haplotype mismatch analysis. To address how many unique haplotypes exist and the structure of their relationships, 56 flies sequenced for both COI and COII (2277 bp) were reduced to un ...
Intercropping, Crop Diversity and Pest Management1
... Hedgerows are lines of closely planted woody vegetation, sometimes with herbaceous vegetation present in the understory. Hedgerows are typically established between fields and can provide habitat and overwintering sites for a variety of natural enemies, including spiders and predatory beetles. Hedge ...
... Hedgerows are lines of closely planted woody vegetation, sometimes with herbaceous vegetation present in the understory. Hedgerows are typically established between fields and can provide habitat and overwintering sites for a variety of natural enemies, including spiders and predatory beetles. Hedge ...
BUTTERFLY GARDEN
... keep egg-laying insects at bay. Some caterpillars shed their last larval skin (also shedding any attached parasite eggs) and then trek a long distance, to pupate as far as possible from the potential parasite. Tachinid flies may lay their eggs on or in a caterpillar or their eggs may be laid on a fo ...
... keep egg-laying insects at bay. Some caterpillars shed their last larval skin (also shedding any attached parasite eggs) and then trek a long distance, to pupate as far as possible from the potential parasite. Tachinid flies may lay their eggs on or in a caterpillar or their eggs may be laid on a fo ...
Ninety-seven million years of angiosperm-insect
... The ditrysian Gracillariidae is the most diverse family of leaf-mining Lepidoptera, constituting -1700 described species in 70 genera (46). Of the three gracillariid subfamilies, the Phyllocnistinae is the most derived and has an extremely broad host range, encompassing almost all dicotyledonous sub ...
... The ditrysian Gracillariidae is the most diverse family of leaf-mining Lepidoptera, constituting -1700 described species in 70 genera (46). Of the three gracillariid subfamilies, the Phyllocnistinae is the most derived and has an extremely broad host range, encompassing almost all dicotyledonous sub ...
Drivers of host plant shifts in the leaf beetle Chrysomela lapponica
... populations of C. lapponica have shifted to SG-poor hosts, and their secretions do not contain salicylaldehyde. 2. In was suggested that beetles shift to SG-poor hosts to escape from specialist enemies. To test this hypothesis, we compared field mortality between two populations of C. lapponica that ...
... populations of C. lapponica have shifted to SG-poor hosts, and their secretions do not contain salicylaldehyde. 2. In was suggested that beetles shift to SG-poor hosts to escape from specialist enemies. To test this hypothesis, we compared field mortality between two populations of C. lapponica that ...
MF2222 Biological Control of Insect Pests on
... modify production practices to accommodate their needs. Complicating matters is the fact that many beneficial insects feed not only on pest insects, but also on each other, a phenomenon referred to as intraguild predation. In a healthy agroecosystem with a high degree of plant and insect diversity, ...
... modify production practices to accommodate their needs. Complicating matters is the fact that many beneficial insects feed not only on pest insects, but also on each other, a phenomenon referred to as intraguild predation. In a healthy agroecosystem with a high degree of plant and insect diversity, ...
Biology of the Western Spruce Budworm
... British Columbia in 1909. Epidemics of this species do not occur on a cyclic basis. Some outbreaks last only a few years and end naturally while others have persisted in the rocky mountains for up to 30 years in spite of all control tactics. ...
... British Columbia in 1909. Epidemics of this species do not occur on a cyclic basis. Some outbreaks last only a few years and end naturally while others have persisted in the rocky mountains for up to 30 years in spite of all control tactics. ...
Parasitoid
A parasitoid is an organism that spends a significant portion of its life history attached to or within a single host organism in a relationship that is in essence parasitic; unlike a true parasite, however, it ultimately sterilises or kills, and sometimes consumes, the host. Thus parasitoids are similar to typical parasites except in the more dire prognosis for the host.