Download Science 5th primary 1st term unite 3 lesson 1 Symbiosis It is a

Science 5th primary 1st term unite 3 lesson 1
Food relationships among living organisms
2 - Symbiosis
Symbiosis
It is a common food relationship between two different types of living organisms.
One of them benefits from the other and the other may benefit (mutualism) or
neither benefits nor is harmed (commensalisms) or is harmed (parasitism).
2 - Symbiosis
A Mutualism
B: Commensalism
C : Parasitism
A : Mutualism
It is a food relationship in which each organism gets benefit form the other and is not
harmed.
Note
In mutualism relationship the two living organisms must get their
benefit in the form of food because it is a food relationship.
Examples
1–
the relationship between nodular bacteria and leguminous
plants (( beans))
Each of them gets benefit form the other in the form of food,
where,
a. Nodular bacteria fix nitrogen in an inorganic form to provide the plant with it.
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Ms. Marim
Science 5th primary 1st term unite 3 lesson 1
b. the plant provides bacteria with sugar that made by the plant during photosynthesis
process.
2 – the
relationship between primitive organisms and termites ( white ant) that feed on wood.
Each of them gets benefit from the other in the form of food, where
a. the primitive (tiny ) organisms feed by digesting the cellulose of wood.
b. termites benefits by digesting their food.
Do you know ???
The benefits o mutualism in human body?
There are several kinds of Bactria that coexist with man, where each of
them benefits from the other as follows:
- human body benefits from bacteria as:
some types of bacteria live inside man's intestine and change some food
remains into vitamin B
- Bacteria benefits from man in the pervious case as the human body
provides it with food and shelter.
B : Commensalism
It is a superficial food relationship between two living organisms where, one of them benefits
from the other, while the other neither gets benefit ( in the form of food ) nor is harmed.
Examples
1–
the relationship between insects and flowers of plants:
The insect (bees) feed ( benefit) on the nectar of the plant flowers,
While the plant neither gets food benefit nor is harmed.
** the insects help plants to transfer pollen grains from one flower to another to accomplish
pollination.
2 – the
relationship between hippopotamus and some birds:
The birds has a delicious meal from ticks hidden in folds of skin of
hippopotamus
While the hippopotamus neither gets food benefit nor is harmed.
** the bird helps the hippopotamus to get rid of the horrible bites of the ticks.
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Ms. Marim
Science 5th primary 1st term unite 3 lesson 1
3–
the relationship between birds and crocodiles:
- Birds are standing in a complete safely beside crocodiles on River Nile
side.
- when crocodiles open their mouth and let birds get inside without
fear,
Birds pick up food remains between their teeth.
The relation between crocodiles and some types of birds is a commensalism
relationship?
Because birds benefit from crocodiles, while crocodiles neither get food benefit
nor are harmed.
4–
the relationship between sponge and the tiny aquatic living organisms:
- tiny aquatic living organisms get food and shelter from the canals and fissures that found
inside the sponge.
So, the sponge neither gets food benefit nor is harmed from the existence of these living
organisms.
5–
the relationship between sharks and remora fish:
- Remora fish is attached to the body of the shark and feeds on its food remains.
So, the shark neither gets food benefit nor is harmed.
C : Parasitism
It is a food relationship between two different kinds of living organisms, one benefits from the
other and known as the parasite, while the other is harmed and known as the host.
Types of Parasitism
1 – External parasitism
2 – Internal parasitism
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Ms. Marim
Science 5th primary 1st term unite 3 lesson 1
1 – External parasitism:
- the parasite lives externally on the host's body and feeds by sucking the blood of the
host.
- the parasite conveys diseases to the host.
Examples
-
Mosquitoes.
Lice
fleas
jawless lamprey that sucks fish's blood.
Bugs
Ticks.
2 – Internal parasitism
The parasite lives internally inside the host's body and shares the host its digested
food or feeds on its cells and tissues.
Examples:
-
Bilharzia worms
Ascaris worms
Tape worms.
flaria worms
liver worms.
Harms of parasitism:
1 – flaria worm causes elephantiasis disease as shown in figure.
2 – Mosquitoes cause malaria disease.
3 –Fleas can convey small pox disease to man.
4 –Bilharzia worms cause bilharziasis disease.
5 – Ascaris worms cause anemia.
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Ms. Marim
Science 5th primary 1st term unite 3 lesson 1
Question
What is the difference between parasitism and predation relationships?
The parasite depends completely on the host to get its food and causes weakness
to the host, but doesn't kill it as the predator do with its prey.
The death of the host is considered a loss to the parasite.
Because the parasite will lose its source of food and shelter.
Do you know ?
1 – some dogs, cats and birds which we have at home can be hurt by worms and
some of these worms can infect human.
2 – to protect man and these living organisms, follow the proper way of cleaning
and visit the veterinaries regularly to check them.
3 – Saprophytism
It is a food relationship in which saprophytes (decomposers) get their food by decomposing food
remains or bodies of dead organisms.
Examples :
1 –Mushroom fungus.
2 – Bread mold fungus.
3 – Penecillium fungi that decomposes orange fruits.
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Ms. Marim
Science 5th primary 1st term unite 3 lesson 1
Activity : to show how saprophytic organisms get their food.
Steps
1 – splash some water drops on a slice of bread
2 – put the bread in a plastic sac and close it firmly.
3 – leave it in a quite dark place for two days.
Observation:
Dark green layer is formed on the bread, (rotten bread.)
Explanation:
Fungus get their food by decomposing the food remains forming dark green layer on bread.
Inference
Saprophytes as bread mold fungus get their food by decomposing food remains.
Bread mold fungus is a saprophytic organism.??
Because it gets its food by decomposing food remains
Activity >> to determine some food relationships among living organisms by making a fish
aquarium (living tank )
Steps
1 – put some sand, gravel and mud in the glass tank, then fill it with water for 24 hours.
2 –add some different living organisms to the tank, such as Elodia, plant, snails, fish and
some tiny worms.
3 – put a small generator inside the tank to renew the air dissolved in water.
4 – cover the tank and put it in a place, where indirect sunlight reaches it.
Observation
There are several types of food relationships among living organisms.
- fish , snails and tiny worms benefit from Elodia plant as they feed on it.
-
Elodia plant benefits from fish, snails and worms as it absorbs CO2 gas produced from
their respiration to use it during photosynthesis process.
tiny worms and tiny organisms found in the mud feed on decomposing wastes of other
living organisms.
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Ms. Marim
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Science 5th primary 1st term unite 3 lesson 1
Glossary
Commensalism
Parasitism
Termites
Shelter
Nodular
Hippopotamus
Horrible
Bites
Aquatic
Parasite
Jawless lamprey
Lice
Convey
elephantiasis
Bread mold
Veterinaries
Splash
Rotten
Snails
renew
‫االفادة‬
‫التطفل‬
‫النمل االبيض‬
‫حماية ـ مأوي‬
‫عقد بكتريه‬
‫فرس النهر‬
‫فظيع‬
‫عضه‬
‫ماءي‬
‫طفيل‬
‫عديم الفكوك‬
‫قمل‬
‫ينقل‬
‫داء الفيل‬
‫عفن الخبز‬
‫البيطريين‬
‫يرش‬
‫متعفن‬
‫قواقع‬
‫يجدد‬
Gravel
Mutualism
Inorganic
Coexist
Cellulose
Ticks
Pollen grains
Nectar
Crocodiles
Sponge
Mosquitoes
Sucking
Bugs
fleas
Small pox
Penecilium
Mushroom
Slice
Firmly
Wastes
‫حصي‬
‫تبادل المنفعة‬
‫غير عضوي‬
‫يتواجد‬
‫سليلوز‬
‫القراد‬
‫حبوب اللقاح‬
‫رحيق‬
‫تمساح‬
‫االسفنج‬
‫الناموس‬
‫االمتصاص‬
‫البق‬
‫البراغيث‬
‫الجدري‬
‫فطر البنسلين‬
‫عيش الغراب‬
‫شريحه‬
‫بأحكام‬
‫فضالت‬
Questions on lesson
Complete the following statements
1 – the food relationship in which , both organisms get benefit from each other is known as
…………………………….
2 – the food relationship in which a living organism benefits from the other, while the other
neither gets benefit nor is harmed known as …………………………..
3 – in the ……………………………….. relationship between bees and flowers of plants , bees feed on
…………………….. of flowers, while bees help the plant in transferring ……………………….. from a
flower to another.
4 – the relation between hippopotamus and some birds is …………………………………
5 – there is a ……………………………. Food relationship between crocodiles and some birds.
6 – the relationship between fungi and dead organisms is an example of …………………………….
7 – in parasitism relationship , the death of the ………………………… is considered a loss to the
…………………………………………….
8 – Bilharzia worm hurt ……………………., so it is called …………………………… , while the organisms that
are hurted called hosts.
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Ms. Marim
Science 5th primary 1st term unite 3 lesson 1
9 - ………………………. Worm infects man causing elephantiasis diseases.
10 – Fleas can convey ………………………………….. disease to man , while ascaris worm causes
……………………………….. to him.
11 – in saprophytism relationship, the saprophytes get their food by decomposing ………………..
or bodies of ………………………
12 - ………………………., ……………………….. and penecillium are examples of saprophytes.
Choose the correct answer
1 - ………………………… is a food relationship between two organisms, both of them get benefit
from the other and are not harmed
a. symbiosis
b. mutualism
c. parasitism
d. mimecry
2 – the relationship between nodular bacteria and bean plant is …………………..
a. predation
b.parasitism
c. mutualism
d. mimecry
3 – the relationship between hippopotamus and some birds is known as ……………………..
a. mutualism
b. commensalism
c. predation
d. parasitism
4 - ……………… is the food relationship between sponge and the tiny aquatic organisms.
a. mutualism
b. commensalisms
c. predation
d. parasitism
5 – in the parasitism relationship , the organism which is harmed is called the …………………
a. parasite
b. prey
c. host
d. commensal organism
6 – the jawless lamprey feeds by sucking blood of its host which is a ……………………..
a. frog
b. fish
c. insect
d. worm
7 – all the following are external parasites except …………………………
a. live
b. ticks
c. lamprey
d. liver worm .
8 – mosquitoes cause ……………………………….. disease to man.
a. elephantiasis
b. small pox
c. malaria
9 – saprophytes are …………………………………….
a. parasitic organisms
.b. autotrophic organisms,
c. decomposer organisms
d. a , b and c
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d. bilharziasis
Ms. Marim
Science 5th primary 1st term unite 3 lesson 1
Give reasons
1 – there is a mutualism relationship between nodular bacteria and leguminous plants.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2 – the relationship between sharks and remora fish is a commensalisms.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3 – parasitism relationship differs from the predation relationship.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4 – lice , bugs , mosquitoes and ticks are external parasites.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5 – parasitism causes weakness to the host.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6 – saprophytic organisms are decomposers.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7 – bread mold, mushroom and penecilium fungi are saprophytes.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Ms. Marim