Protozoologica
... bright halo, including numerous golden-hued algal symbionts on the axopodia (arrows). Scale bar: 500 µm; b – planktonic foraminiferan bearing a calcitic shell (Sh) and peripherally radiating calcite spines that are covered by pseudopodial cytoplasm bearing scattered algal symbionts (arrows). The sma ...
... bright halo, including numerous golden-hued algal symbionts on the axopodia (arrows). Scale bar: 500 µm; b – planktonic foraminiferan bearing a calcitic shell (Sh) and peripherally radiating calcite spines that are covered by pseudopodial cytoplasm bearing scattered algal symbionts (arrows). The sma ...
Cooperation and conflict in host manipulation
... two important aspects of the study of host manipulation. First, as observed in snails infected with Leucochloridium, infection with manipulative parasites most often affects more than one dimension in host phenotypes, even though earlier studies have generally considered the influence of infection on ...
... two important aspects of the study of host manipulation. First, as observed in snails infected with Leucochloridium, infection with manipulative parasites most often affects more than one dimension in host phenotypes, even though earlier studies have generally considered the influence of infection on ...
Protozoologica
... A large amoeba (probably Korotnovella sp.) associated with tufts of the planktonic cyanobacterium, Oscillatoria (Trichodesmium) in the Sargasso Sea, contained at least two kinds of intracellular endobacteroids: a larger bacterium enclosed by a double-membrane vacuole and a smaller, electron-dense ro ...
... A large amoeba (probably Korotnovella sp.) associated with tufts of the planktonic cyanobacterium, Oscillatoria (Trichodesmium) in the Sargasso Sea, contained at least two kinds of intracellular endobacteroids: a larger bacterium enclosed by a double-membrane vacuole and a smaller, electron-dense ro ...
Lec.9 Intestinal sporozoa
... Sarcocystis infections occur world wide . Only two species of Sarcocystis are known to utilize humans as a definitive host: Sarcocystis hominis and S. suihominis. They are known as human intestinal parasites. Humans Infection results from ingestion of raw or insufficiently cooked meat from cattle or ...
... Sarcocystis infections occur world wide . Only two species of Sarcocystis are known to utilize humans as a definitive host: Sarcocystis hominis and S. suihominis. They are known as human intestinal parasites. Humans Infection results from ingestion of raw or insufficiently cooked meat from cattle or ...
Behavioral differences between two ant cricket species in Nansei
... ants (Sakai and Terayama, 1995; Akino et al., 1996), it was likely that there would be abundant opportunities for them to take in sugar-rich liquid as food. For these reasons, we used sugared water for the experiment. The ant larvae and the dead insect were placed on the floor of the container, and ...
... ants (Sakai and Terayama, 1995; Akino et al., 1996), it was likely that there would be abundant opportunities for them to take in sugar-rich liquid as food. For these reasons, we used sugared water for the experiment. The ant larvae and the dead insect were placed on the floor of the container, and ...
Biological Pest Controls for the Home Landscape
... trees may be categorized as pests. Gardeners can protect their fruiting shrubs and small trees by covering them with protective netting when the fruit is beginning to ripen. ...
... trees may be categorized as pests. Gardeners can protect their fruiting shrubs and small trees by covering them with protective netting when the fruit is beginning to ripen. ...
Bridge hosts, a missing link for disease ecology in multi-host systems
... A clearer conceptual framework is thus needed to guide the identification of bridge hosts and the characterisation of their roles in disease ecology. This framework must also be operationalised if it is to guide the design of hypotheses that can be tested through field protocols to characterise the ...
... A clearer conceptual framework is thus needed to guide the identification of bridge hosts and the characterisation of their roles in disease ecology. This framework must also be operationalised if it is to guide the design of hypotheses that can be tested through field protocols to characterise the ...
Fishing out marine parasites? Impacts of fishing
... As fishing reduces the density of fish hosts, transmission of parasites among those hosts should decline (Fig. 1a). This linear density-dependent transmission is a key assumption of mass-action consumer–resource models, which have facilitated a great deal of progress in our understanding of the popu ...
... As fishing reduces the density of fish hosts, transmission of parasites among those hosts should decline (Fig. 1a). This linear density-dependent transmission is a key assumption of mass-action consumer–resource models, which have facilitated a great deal of progress in our understanding of the popu ...
Impacts of biodiversity on the emergence and transmission of
... cause compensatory increases in the abundances of other hosts, such that total host abundance changes little relative to total host abundance in more diverse communities. Even when total host abundance does decline in less diverse systems, differences in host quality among species can alter simple c ...
... cause compensatory increases in the abundances of other hosts, such that total host abundance changes little relative to total host abundance in more diverse communities. Even when total host abundance does decline in less diverse systems, differences in host quality among species can alter simple c ...
11. Coevolution - NC State University
... takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place.” In the context of host-parasite coevolution, the moving environment is the evolving parasite. Parasites are expected to evolve more rapidly than their host, because they have a greater relative evolutionary potential. In principle, we can ...
... takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place.” In the context of host-parasite coevolution, the moving environment is the evolving parasite. Parasites are expected to evolve more rapidly than their host, because they have a greater relative evolutionary potential. In principle, we can ...
Chemical defence, offence and alliance in ants-aphids
... (Pasteels, 1976). The fashion in Ecology was to quantify the energy fluxes between trophic levels, whereas Chemical Ecology planned to investigate the chemicals controlling these fluxes. Chemical mediators appeared to act as negative or positive feed back loops regulating energy flow rates, sometime ...
... (Pasteels, 1976). The fashion in Ecology was to quantify the energy fluxes between trophic levels, whereas Chemical Ecology planned to investigate the chemicals controlling these fluxes. Chemical mediators appeared to act as negative or positive feed back loops regulating energy flow rates, sometime ...
impact of urbanization on tri-trophic interactions in
... pristine scrub. At the plot level, however, gall density did not differ with degree of urbanization. Urban plots had more plants with a greater number of side branches, but the average density of galls per plot was not significantly different from pristine sites. This was surprising given that diffe ...
... pristine scrub. At the plot level, however, gall density did not differ with degree of urbanization. Urban plots had more plants with a greater number of side branches, but the average density of galls per plot was not significantly different from pristine sites. This was surprising given that diffe ...
Functional Ecology
... Although these arguments are non-exclusive, options two and four are those that will make this article the basis for many future studies. The authors discuss that the caterpillar, as a generalist, is unlikely to possess a mechanism for active manipulation of host defence. Is this necessarily true? I ...
... Although these arguments are non-exclusive, options two and four are those that will make this article the basis for many future studies. The authors discuss that the caterpillar, as a generalist, is unlikely to possess a mechanism for active manipulation of host defence. Is this necessarily true? I ...
The coexistence
... Finally, "social symbiosis" (e.g., HÖLLDOBLER & WILSON 1990) is an inaccurate, although widely used, description of a social parasite's relationship with its host as "symbiosis" in other instances often refers to a relationship that is mutually beneficial. Following myrmecological tradition the term ...
... Finally, "social symbiosis" (e.g., HÖLLDOBLER & WILSON 1990) is an inaccurate, although widely used, description of a social parasite's relationship with its host as "symbiosis" in other instances often refers to a relationship that is mutually beneficial. Following myrmecological tradition the term ...
DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOUR OF Apis cerana F. AGAINST
... reared, the nest size and colony strength increases throughout the summer, reaching a peak in autumn. It is this period (July to October) that demand for food is greatest and bee colonies are at greater risk. A num- ...
... reared, the nest size and colony strength increases throughout the summer, reaching a peak in autumn. It is this period (July to October) that demand for food is greatest and bee colonies are at greater risk. A num- ...
ppt
... microparasites; immune response in hosts is typically absent or very shortlived; infections are often chronic as hosts are continually reinfected; examples include: helminths and arthropods Parasitoids – insects whose larvae develop by feeding on a single arthropod host and invariably kill that host ...
... microparasites; immune response in hosts is typically absent or very shortlived; infections are often chronic as hosts are continually reinfected; examples include: helminths and arthropods Parasitoids – insects whose larvae develop by feeding on a single arthropod host and invariably kill that host ...
Factors Affecting the Social Behaviour of Crustaceans Living
... widely. Relationships such as parasitism, mutualism and commensalism have been described between several marine macro-invertebrate species and their crustacean symbionts (Castro, 1988). Furthermore, macro-invertebrates used as hosts by marine crustaceans present a wide range of sizes, morphologies, ...
... widely. Relationships such as parasitism, mutualism and commensalism have been described between several marine macro-invertebrate species and their crustacean symbionts (Castro, 1988). Furthermore, macro-invertebrates used as hosts by marine crustaceans present a wide range of sizes, morphologies, ...
Entomology CheatSheet1 Modified with Diagrams
... liquefied food to the esophagus by capillary action Ametabolous – Without Metamorphosis(Young resembles the adult, except smaller)Hemimetabolous Incomplete Metamorphosis(Egg, nymph, adult) Holometabolous –Complete Metamorphosis(Egg, larva, pupa, adult) Beneficial Insect Traits-Pollination of many fl ...
... liquefied food to the esophagus by capillary action Ametabolous – Without Metamorphosis(Young resembles the adult, except smaller)Hemimetabolous Incomplete Metamorphosis(Egg, nymph, adult) Holometabolous –Complete Metamorphosis(Egg, larva, pupa, adult) Beneficial Insect Traits-Pollination of many fl ...
Sympatric Speciation in Insects
... 1993). Their small size allows insects to subdivide habitats and specialize on resources that large animals are unable to exploit. Frequently, much of the life cycle occurs exclusively on the resource, which is particularly important since it induces assortative mating. Specialization permits a habi ...
... 1993). Their small size allows insects to subdivide habitats and specialize on resources that large animals are unable to exploit. Frequently, much of the life cycle occurs exclusively on the resource, which is particularly important since it induces assortative mating. Specialization permits a habi ...
Myrmecophilous butterflies utilise ant-
... hemipterans, and can complement their diet by hunting herbivorous insects (Davidson et al., 2003; Rico-Gray & Oliveira, 2007). Indeed, butterflies may avoid ovipositing on plant locations occupied by ants more likely to kill larval offspring (Sendoya et al., 2009). Although ants can be important age ...
... hemipterans, and can complement their diet by hunting herbivorous insects (Davidson et al., 2003; Rico-Gray & Oliveira, 2007). Indeed, butterflies may avoid ovipositing on plant locations occupied by ants more likely to kill larval offspring (Sendoya et al., 2009). Although ants can be important age ...
as a PDF
... The outcome of competition between two closely related species can be altered by change in one component of the environment. Birch (1953) raised the grain beetles (Calandra oryzae) and (Rhizopertha dominica) at several different temperatures and observed that Calandra eliminated Rhizopertha at 290C ...
... The outcome of competition between two closely related species can be altered by change in one component of the environment. Birch (1953) raised the grain beetles (Calandra oryzae) and (Rhizopertha dominica) at several different temperatures and observed that Calandra eliminated Rhizopertha at 290C ...
Coevolution
... Animals, such as insects, have obviously adapted to feeding on plants If plants have evolved defensive chemistry, plant/insect coevolution. ...
... Animals, such as insects, have obviously adapted to feeding on plants If plants have evolved defensive chemistry, plant/insect coevolution. ...
Johnson et al. 2013 pnas
... disease ecology involves understanding host–parasite interactions within complex communities (1, 2). Whereas epidemiological research has historically focused on interactions between individual host and parasite species, growing evidence indicates that incorporating more realistic levels of diversit ...
... disease ecology involves understanding host–parasite interactions within complex communities (1, 2). Whereas epidemiological research has historically focused on interactions between individual host and parasite species, growing evidence indicates that incorporating more realistic levels of diversit ...
Parasitoid
A parasitoid is an organism that spends a significant portion of its life history attached to or within a single host organism in a relationship that is in essence parasitic; unlike a true parasite, however, it ultimately sterilises or kills, and sometimes consumes, the host. Thus parasitoids are similar to typical parasites except in the more dire prognosis for the host.