2 paper Discussion
... only on a few related plant species might be expected to have a more efficient form of adaptation, either involving the production of large quantities of an enzyme to detoxify their food, or evolve storage mechanisms ...
... only on a few related plant species might be expected to have a more efficient form of adaptation, either involving the production of large quantities of an enzyme to detoxify their food, or evolve storage mechanisms ...
Body size, trophic level, and the use of fish as transmission routes by parasites.
... that are not used but that would nevertheless be possible, i.e., all other trophic connections between prey and predators. Parasitic worms transmitted by predation from an intermediate host, in which they occur as larval or juvenile stages, to a definitive host in which they will mature into adults, ...
... that are not used but that would nevertheless be possible, i.e., all other trophic connections between prey and predators. Parasitic worms transmitted by predation from an intermediate host, in which they occur as larval or juvenile stages, to a definitive host in which they will mature into adults, ...
Keeping the herds healthy and alert - People
... predation. Macroparasites are invariably aggregated in their hosts (Shaw & Dobson 1995). As such, if predators selectively remove the most heavily infected prey, they will remove a higher proportion of the parasite population than of the host population, thereby releasing the hosts from the regulato ...
... predation. Macroparasites are invariably aggregated in their hosts (Shaw & Dobson 1995). As such, if predators selectively remove the most heavily infected prey, they will remove a higher proportion of the parasite population than of the host population, thereby releasing the hosts from the regulato ...
Parasites, diversity and the ecosystem.
... faeces and at the same time stop emitting scent the trained dogs can locate. It is here, in the caeca, that the parasitic worm lives and interferes with the workings of the caeca (Watson et al 1985). Highly infected grouse have difficulties controlling their scent emission and the dogs, searching b ...
... faeces and at the same time stop emitting scent the trained dogs can locate. It is here, in the caeca, that the parasitic worm lives and interferes with the workings of the caeca (Watson et al 1985). Highly infected grouse have difficulties controlling their scent emission and the dogs, searching b ...
Hawai`i Landscape Plant Pest Guide: Sucking Insects
... males have been observed rarely, but they do not feed and are short lived. • Heavy infestations can cause loss of plant vigor, spotting or yellowing of the foliage, reduction in fruit set, and plant death. Some scales pass toxins from their saliva to the plant, causing deformed or retarded plant gr ...
... males have been observed rarely, but they do not feed and are short lived. • Heavy infestations can cause loss of plant vigor, spotting or yellowing of the foliage, reduction in fruit set, and plant death. Some scales pass toxins from their saliva to the plant, causing deformed or retarded plant gr ...
Rodent and Rabbit Bot Flies
... Adults emerge in morning. Males usually perch on vegetation where they can get a good range of vision and pursue passing females for mating. Mating occurs in flight and adults live only about two weeks. ...
... Adults emerge in morning. Males usually perch on vegetation where they can get a good range of vision and pursue passing females for mating. Mating occurs in flight and adults live only about two weeks. ...
Beneficial Insects, Spiders, Creatures in the Garden
... Stink Bugs. Stink bugs have a shield-shaped body and range in size from ¼ to 1 inch long. They usually discharge a disagreeable odor when handled. Although plant-feeding stink bugs are more common, a number of species of predatory stink bugs may be found in gardens including the cryptically colored ...
... Stink Bugs. Stink bugs have a shield-shaped body and range in size from ¼ to 1 inch long. They usually discharge a disagreeable odor when handled. Although plant-feeding stink bugs are more common, a number of species of predatory stink bugs may be found in gardens including the cryptically colored ...
anthocharis (pieridae)
... inflorescences and especially green fruit. Numbers of napi are more variable from year to year than those of sara, and this is reflected in the pooled 1973-78 data in which some 200 napi eggs are from its peak year of 1976 alone. The napi data are included as a contrast to A. sara in the context of ...
... inflorescences and especially green fruit. Numbers of napi are more variable from year to year than those of sara, and this is reflected in the pooled 1973-78 data in which some 200 napi eggs are from its peak year of 1976 alone. The napi data are included as a contrast to A. sara in the context of ...
General Lesson Plan Template - California Academy of Sciences
... leaving a few cells intact. The remaining cells will begin the growth of the adult, using the nutrients from the broken down larva. The final, adult stage includes a fully developed insect with wings and reproductive organs. ...
... leaving a few cells intact. The remaining cells will begin the growth of the adult, using the nutrients from the broken down larva. The final, adult stage includes a fully developed insect with wings and reproductive organs. ...
Study questions for predator prey evolution
... 2. What is crypsis? What evidence from experiments on blue jays suggests that crypsis is an adaptation for avoiding predation? 3. What is a search image? What experimental evidence suggests that predators may have a search image? How could search images lead to the maintenance of multiple color morp ...
... 2. What is crypsis? What evidence from experiments on blue jays suggests that crypsis is an adaptation for avoiding predation? 3. What is a search image? What experimental evidence suggests that predators may have a search image? How could search images lead to the maintenance of multiple color morp ...
Haplodiploidy seems to facilitate queen re
... Wilson 1990: 153, see also Kronauer et al. 2007). This implies that these species always found new colonies dependently. In most ant species though, queens do have wings. During and following the nuptial flight, the vast majority of them is killed by a variety of predators, including workers of the ...
... Wilson 1990: 153, see also Kronauer et al. 2007). This implies that these species always found new colonies dependently. In most ant species though, queens do have wings. During and following the nuptial flight, the vast majority of them is killed by a variety of predators, including workers of the ...
Local diversity reduces infection risk across multiple
... 1. In many host–parasite systems, infection risk can be reduced by high local biodiversity, though the mitigating effects of diversity are context dependent and not universal. 2. In aquatic ecosystems, local fauna can reduce the transmission success of parasite free-swimming infective stages by prey ...
... 1. In many host–parasite systems, infection risk can be reduced by high local biodiversity, though the mitigating effects of diversity are context dependent and not universal. 2. In aquatic ecosystems, local fauna can reduce the transmission success of parasite free-swimming infective stages by prey ...
Edible insects as a natural resource
... 4.3 Conservation and management of edible insect resources Among forest managers, there is little knowledge or appreciation of the potential for managing and harvesting insects sustainably. There is also almost no knowledge or experience in manipulating forest vegetation or harvesting practices to i ...
... 4.3 Conservation and management of edible insect resources Among forest managers, there is little knowledge or appreciation of the potential for managing and harvesting insects sustainably. There is also almost no knowledge or experience in manipulating forest vegetation or harvesting practices to i ...
stri science symposium - Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
... Given that ticks (Acari: Ixodida) are among the most important vectors of disease to both animals and humans, we have been studying the factors that influence their patterns of host association, species diversity and distribution. Analyses of molecular data and a comparative dataset of feeding assoc ...
... Given that ticks (Acari: Ixodida) are among the most important vectors of disease to both animals and humans, we have been studying the factors that influence their patterns of host association, species diversity and distribution. Analyses of molecular data and a comparative dataset of feeding assoc ...
Inconsistent use of host plants by the Alaskan swallowtail butterfly
... There is at least one example of a species in the P. machaon group that is now restricted to the novel host genus Artemisia (Sperling, 1987); Papilio oregonius Edwards, a close relative of P. m. aliaska (Sperling & Harrison, 1994; Caterino & Sperling, 1999), has shifted completely to the novel host- ...
... There is at least one example of a species in the P. machaon group that is now restricted to the novel host genus Artemisia (Sperling, 1987); Papilio oregonius Edwards, a close relative of P. m. aliaska (Sperling & Harrison, 1994; Caterino & Sperling, 1999), has shifted completely to the novel host- ...
First Record of the Army Ant Cheliomyrmex morosus in Panama and
... army ants and, with the exception of Trichatelura bristletails, are now known from all five such army ant genera (Table 1). The vast majority of Neivamyrmex species, the only missing host genus of Trichatelura, live in the soil and associate species collections are extremely rare. It is therefore co ...
... army ants and, with the exception of Trichatelura bristletails, are now known from all five such army ant genera (Table 1). The vast majority of Neivamyrmex species, the only missing host genus of Trichatelura, live in the soil and associate species collections are extremely rare. It is therefore co ...
Parasitology Meets Ecology on Its Own Terms
... the definitions of theoretical terms are often best left to the science and its theoreticians (although we feel obliged to deal with some that are in very broad use in parasitology), whereas observational terms are more amenable to definition by convention. ...
... the definitions of theoretical terms are often best left to the science and its theoreticians (although we feel obliged to deal with some that are in very broad use in parasitology), whereas observational terms are more amenable to definition by convention. ...
Tussock Moths
... On hatching, the female remains clinging to the outside of the cocoon where she mates and lays eggs. The eggs are laid in a mass amongst the hairs on the outside of the pupal cocoon. Each female may lay up to 700 eggs. The eggs hatch into tiny caterpillars which swarm over nearby twigs and needles. ...
... On hatching, the female remains clinging to the outside of the cocoon where she mates and lays eggs. The eggs are laid in a mass amongst the hairs on the outside of the pupal cocoon. Each female may lay up to 700 eggs. The eggs hatch into tiny caterpillars which swarm over nearby twigs and needles. ...
Cover crops and vineyard biodiversity
... (Coccinellidae), which prey on eggs and caterpillars. Again, though, a diverse range of other enemies include wasp egg predators, green and brown lacewing larvae and even predatory caterpillars! The famous ‘mealybug destroyer’ Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, a ladybird beetle first exported to the US in ...
... (Coccinellidae), which prey on eggs and caterpillars. Again, though, a diverse range of other enemies include wasp egg predators, green and brown lacewing larvae and even predatory caterpillars! The famous ‘mealybug destroyer’ Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, a ladybird beetle first exported to the US in ...
lecture_22_Mar_05_filarial worms
... (microfilariae), that migrate throughout the body to cause a variety of symptoms. In Onchocerciasis the larval stages cause the damage to the human hosts ...
... (microfilariae), that migrate throughout the body to cause a variety of symptoms. In Onchocerciasis the larval stages cause the damage to the human hosts ...
(Chinese Mitten Crab) Impacts Information
... The monetary impact caused by this invader in German waters alone totals to approx. 80 million Euro since its first occurrence in 1912 (cost calculation adjusted from Fladung Pers. Comm., in Gollasch 2006). Cost items include: Catchment gear installation and maintenance; Impact on bank erosion a ...
... The monetary impact caused by this invader in German waters alone totals to approx. 80 million Euro since its first occurrence in 1912 (cost calculation adjusted from Fladung Pers. Comm., in Gollasch 2006). Cost items include: Catchment gear installation and maintenance; Impact on bank erosion a ...
How to be a fig wasp parasite on the fig–fig wasp
... Very little is known about the biology of parasitoids, whether they are ectoparasitoids or endoparasitoids, koinobionts or idiobionts. Idiobionts are parasitoids that immobilise and kill the host on which their larvae will develop, while koinobionts feed on hosts that are continuing their developmen ...
... Very little is known about the biology of parasitoids, whether they are ectoparasitoids or endoparasitoids, koinobionts or idiobionts. Idiobionts are parasitoids that immobilise and kill the host on which their larvae will develop, while koinobionts feed on hosts that are continuing their developmen ...
Lecture 22: Coevolution
... Lecture 22: Coevolution • reciprocally induced evolutionary Δ’s in 2 + spp. or pop’ns • Mutualistic vs. Antagonistic type commensalism competition predation parasitism mutualism ...
... Lecture 22: Coevolution • reciprocally induced evolutionary Δ’s in 2 + spp. or pop’ns • Mutualistic vs. Antagonistic type commensalism competition predation parasitism mutualism ...
Info Sheet 11 - Stick Leaf Insects
... The young phasmids (or nymphs) hatch after one to three years underground and look and behave like red headed black ants. They emerge from the ant nest and climb rapidly upwards, looking for soft green leaves. In a tree, they moult into a green or brown, slowmoving leaf mimic. The females live for a ...
... The young phasmids (or nymphs) hatch after one to three years underground and look and behave like red headed black ants. They emerge from the ant nest and climb rapidly upwards, looking for soft green leaves. In a tree, they moult into a green or brown, slowmoving leaf mimic. The females live for a ...
Parasitoid
A parasitoid is an organism that spends a significant portion of its life history attached to or within a single host organism in a relationship that is in essence parasitic; unlike a true parasite, however, it ultimately sterilises or kills, and sometimes consumes, the host. Thus parasitoids are similar to typical parasites except in the more dire prognosis for the host.