tr-kit promotes the formation of a multimolecular complex composed
... tyrosine phosphorylation of Sam68 (Shen et al., 1999). Once phosphorylated in the carboxyterminal region, Sam68 recruits the SH2 domains of PLCg1, Grb2 and Src-kinases themselves (Richard et al., 1995). Since these signaling proteins already interact with Sam68 through their SH3 domains, SH2-binding ...
... tyrosine phosphorylation of Sam68 (Shen et al., 1999). Once phosphorylated in the carboxyterminal region, Sam68 recruits the SH2 domains of PLCg1, Grb2 and Src-kinases themselves (Richard et al., 1995). Since these signaling proteins already interact with Sam68 through their SH3 domains, SH2-binding ...
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... Fig. 2. Signaling dynamics and growth. (A-F) Wild type, from a dataset with n=152; (A) Close-up of P-Mad, Hairy and PH3 stainings; dashed line: anterior edge of the furrow (x=0); (B) Quantification of P-Mad profile shapes at different developmental times (in different colors); black line: fit to mea ...
... Fig. 2. Signaling dynamics and growth. (A-F) Wild type, from a dataset with n=152; (A) Close-up of P-Mad, Hairy and PH3 stainings; dashed line: anterior edge of the furrow (x=0); (B) Quantification of P-Mad profile shapes at different developmental times (in different colors); black line: fit to mea ...
H ydrop hobicity-hydrop hilicity of staphylococci
... Trypsin treatment converted strains from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. Isolated bacterial cell wall preparation, either crude or purified, and peptidoglycan were hydrophilic. These results indicate that the determinant of hydrophobicity is a protein or protein-associated molecule localised at the cell ...
... Trypsin treatment converted strains from hydrophobic to hydrophilic. Isolated bacterial cell wall preparation, either crude or purified, and peptidoglycan were hydrophilic. These results indicate that the determinant of hydrophobicity is a protein or protein-associated molecule localised at the cell ...
Я-Amyloid-Induced Synthesis of the Ganglioside Gd3 Is a Requisite
... AP(25–35) (Fig. 1 A,B). In Figure 2 A,B,D, double-fluorescence analysis of GD3 ( green) and nuclear chromatin (red) showed few neurons expressing GD3 in control cultures or in cultures exposed to the reverse peptide AP(35–25). Nearly all neurons became immunopositive for GD3 in neurons exposed to ...
... AP(25–35) (Fig. 1 A,B). In Figure 2 A,B,D, double-fluorescence analysis of GD3 ( green) and nuclear chromatin (red) showed few neurons expressing GD3 in control cultures or in cultures exposed to the reverse peptide AP(35–25). Nearly all neurons became immunopositive for GD3 in neurons exposed to ...
observations on luminescence in noctiluca
... is subject to fatigue. When one or a few Noctilucae are placed in a small dish and the dish is repeatedly shaken the cells flash several times, but after four or five flashes the light becomes weaker and disappears. Following a rest period of several minutes the cells recover and flash brightly once ...
... is subject to fatigue. When one or a few Noctilucae are placed in a small dish and the dish is repeatedly shaken the cells flash several times, but after four or five flashes the light becomes weaker and disappears. Following a rest period of several minutes the cells recover and flash brightly once ...
The Dual Function of Sugar Carriers: Transport and Sugar
... al., 1998; Oparka and Turgeon, 1999, in this issue). The actual conduits in phloem consist of two ontogenetically related cell types: companion cells (CCs) and SEs. These two cells are highly modified and well interconnected by plasmodesmata. SEs, for instance, lose their nuclei, vacuoles, and many ...
... al., 1998; Oparka and Turgeon, 1999, in this issue). The actual conduits in phloem consist of two ontogenetically related cell types: companion cells (CCs) and SEs. These two cells are highly modified and well interconnected by plasmodesmata. SEs, for instance, lose their nuclei, vacuoles, and many ...
Acanthamoeba polyphaga Intracellular Infection of
... 18 and 24 h postinfection, cytoplasmic elements such as mitochondria, lysosomes, vesicles, and amorphous material are dispersed among the bacteria and these bacteria are considered cytoplasmic. At 18 h, 77% of infected macrophages and 32% of infected A. polyphaga amoebae harbor cytoplasmic bacteria. ...
... 18 and 24 h postinfection, cytoplasmic elements such as mitochondria, lysosomes, vesicles, and amorphous material are dispersed among the bacteria and these bacteria are considered cytoplasmic. At 18 h, 77% of infected macrophages and 32% of infected A. polyphaga amoebae harbor cytoplasmic bacteria. ...
A brief history of ATP
... its precursor, ADP, is found in rod-like structures called mitochondria that lurk in our cells. Every mitochondrion is studded with hundreds if not thousands of the enzymes. Unlock the secrets of ATP manufacture and you have a clue to understanding human ageing, when our mitochondria flag, the funda ...
... its precursor, ADP, is found in rod-like structures called mitochondria that lurk in our cells. Every mitochondrion is studded with hundreds if not thousands of the enzymes. Unlock the secrets of ATP manufacture and you have a clue to understanding human ageing, when our mitochondria flag, the funda ...
Antibacterial activity of Nicolaia speciosa fruit extract
... single and multistage extractions, were evaluated. The multistage extraction utilized series of solvents in sequence involving hexane (nonpolar solvent), ethyl acetate (semipolar) and ethanol (polar). The antibacterial activities of the extracts were evaluated against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cere ...
... single and multistage extractions, were evaluated. The multistage extraction utilized series of solvents in sequence involving hexane (nonpolar solvent), ethyl acetate (semipolar) and ethanol (polar). The antibacterial activities of the extracts were evaluated against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cere ...
Sirtuins at a Glance - Journal of Cell Science
... NAD-binding and catalytic domain, termed the sirtuin core domain, but differ in their Nand C-terminal domains (Frye, 2000). They have different specific substrates and biological functions, and are found in various cell compartments. The fact that sirtuins require NAD for their enzymatic activity co ...
... NAD-binding and catalytic domain, termed the sirtuin core domain, but differ in their Nand C-terminal domains (Frye, 2000). They have different specific substrates and biological functions, and are found in various cell compartments. The fact that sirtuins require NAD for their enzymatic activity co ...
FtsK-Dependent Dimer Resolution on Multiple Chromosomes
... synchronous management of different replicons. Here, we took advantage of our knowledge of chromosome dimer resolution, the only bacterial segregation process for which coordination with cell division is well understood, to investigate one of the mechanisms ensuring the synchronous management of the ...
... synchronous management of different replicons. Here, we took advantage of our knowledge of chromosome dimer resolution, the only bacterial segregation process for which coordination with cell division is well understood, to investigate one of the mechanisms ensuring the synchronous management of the ...
The recovery and purification of fermentation products
... Flow sheets for recovery of penicillin, cephamycin C, citric acid, and micrococcal nuclease are given in Figs 10.2–10.5, to illustrate the range of techniques used in microbiological recovery processes. A series of comprehensive flow sheets for alcohols, organic acids, antibiotics, carotenoids, poly ...
... Flow sheets for recovery of penicillin, cephamycin C, citric acid, and micrococcal nuclease are given in Figs 10.2–10.5, to illustrate the range of techniques used in microbiological recovery processes. A series of comprehensive flow sheets for alcohols, organic acids, antibiotics, carotenoids, poly ...
Detergent-Insoluble Membrane Compartment CD20 Required for Its
... were not destroyed by protease digestion, these results, together with those in Figure 2, confirm their intracellular location. Data from extracellular protease digestion analyses support a four-TM domain topology with a single extracellular loop between TM3 and TM4, in agreement with the hydropathy ...
... were not destroyed by protease digestion, these results, together with those in Figure 2, confirm their intracellular location. Data from extracellular protease digestion analyses support a four-TM domain topology with a single extracellular loop between TM3 and TM4, in agreement with the hydropathy ...
THE ROLE OF PHOSPHODIESTERASES IN CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE COMPARTMENTATION ACROSS DIFFERENT
... function. Despite this, each signalling molecule and receptor can achieve distinct subcellular effects. This has led to the theory of cyclic nucleotide compartmentation, which has been postulated to be mediated by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Research in this field has focused on compartmentation usin ...
... function. Despite this, each signalling molecule and receptor can achieve distinct subcellular effects. This has led to the theory of cyclic nucleotide compartmentation, which has been postulated to be mediated by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Research in this field has focused on compartmentation usin ...
CELL WALLS OF GROWING PLANT CELLS
... The plant primary cell wall is a three-dimensional interwoven network of cellulose microfibrils, cross-linked by xyloglucan and dispersed in a pectin matrix. It has been suggested that in the wall of growing plant cells, xyloglucan is bound to the rigid cellulose microfibrils by hydrogen bonds and h ...
... The plant primary cell wall is a three-dimensional interwoven network of cellulose microfibrils, cross-linked by xyloglucan and dispersed in a pectin matrix. It has been suggested that in the wall of growing plant cells, xyloglucan is bound to the rigid cellulose microfibrils by hydrogen bonds and h ...
Stat3/Cdc25a-dependent cell proliferation promotes embryonic axis
... model wherein Stat3 regulates embryonic axis extension by ensuring sufficient number of cells through its role as promoter of cell proliferation during blastula and gastrula stages and cell survival during gastrulation. The cell cycle during zebrafish embryogenesis is complex. Early embryos undergo ...
... model wherein Stat3 regulates embryonic axis extension by ensuring sufficient number of cells through its role as promoter of cell proliferation during blastula and gastrula stages and cell survival during gastrulation. The cell cycle during zebrafish embryogenesis is complex. Early embryos undergo ...
Journal of Phycology 44
... salicylate method, a standard water analysis technique using a special kit (Hach, Loveland, CO, USA) and a spectrophotometer (Hach DR 4000). Effect of joint immobilization of C. vulgaris with A. brasilense on GS and GDH enzyme pathways. Extraction: After incubating for 48 h, the beads dissolved. Cel ...
... salicylate method, a standard water analysis technique using a special kit (Hach, Loveland, CO, USA) and a spectrophotometer (Hach DR 4000). Effect of joint immobilization of C. vulgaris with A. brasilense on GS and GDH enzyme pathways. Extraction: After incubating for 48 h, the beads dissolved. Cel ...
Cell-Free Synthesis for Analyzing the Membrane
... has become a standard assay system to study protein membrane-translocation processes. Since secretory as well as transmembrane proteins were found to use the same translocation machinery in the ER membrane (7– 9), the lysate system proved suitable to study both types of proteins. Early experiments s ...
... has become a standard assay system to study protein membrane-translocation processes. Since secretory as well as transmembrane proteins were found to use the same translocation machinery in the ER membrane (7– 9), the lysate system proved suitable to study both types of proteins. Early experiments s ...
Functional Roles Of Lipids In membranes - IJS
... (Fig. 6). Detergents, lysophospholipids (containing only one alkyl chain), and phospholipids with short alkyl chains (eight or fewer carbons) have an inverted cone-shape (large head group relative to a small hydrophohic domain) and self associate above the critical micelle concentration with a small ...
... (Fig. 6). Detergents, lysophospholipids (containing only one alkyl chain), and phospholipids with short alkyl chains (eight or fewer carbons) have an inverted cone-shape (large head group relative to a small hydrophohic domain) and self associate above the critical micelle concentration with a small ...
Specialization of Oleosins in Oil Body Dynamics
... expression profiles of the oleosins OLE1, OLE2, OLE3, OLE4, and OLE5 were investigated in siliques 4 to 22 DAF (Fig. 1A). OLE1, OLE2, and OLE3 relative transcript levels were low during early silique development and increased sharply 9 to 15 DAF, corresponding to the onset of seed maturation; mRNA le ...
... expression profiles of the oleosins OLE1, OLE2, OLE3, OLE4, and OLE5 were investigated in siliques 4 to 22 DAF (Fig. 1A). OLE1, OLE2, and OLE3 relative transcript levels were low during early silique development and increased sharply 9 to 15 DAF, corresponding to the onset of seed maturation; mRNA le ...
Evidence for the presence of calsequestrin in two structurally
... is closely apposed to the sarcolemma to which it is connected by junctional processes called "feet" (28). Corbular sarcoplasmic reticulum, bulbous and cistemal expansions on the network sarcoplasmic reticulum, also has granular material in its lumen and junctional processes extending from its cytopl ...
... is closely apposed to the sarcolemma to which it is connected by junctional processes called "feet" (28). Corbular sarcoplasmic reticulum, bulbous and cistemal expansions on the network sarcoplasmic reticulum, also has granular material in its lumen and junctional processes extending from its cytopl ...
Plant cell walls to ethanol
... 36 (3 nm×5 nm width) with exceptionally high DPs (degrees of polymerization) [12]. For corn stover, the mean DP is 6000 in primary walls and 14 000 in secondary walls [13]. Formation of the arrays is controlled by transmembrane assembly complexes, termed rosettes, which ensure that individual glucan ...
... 36 (3 nm×5 nm width) with exceptionally high DPs (degrees of polymerization) [12]. For corn stover, the mean DP is 6000 in primary walls and 14 000 in secondary walls [13]. Formation of the arrays is controlled by transmembrane assembly complexes, termed rosettes, which ensure that individual glucan ...
Chapter 10
... with radioactive amino acids in a procedure known as a “pulse-chase” experiment. The location of the radiolabeled proteins within the cell was then determined by autoradiography and electron microscopy, revealing the cellular sites involved in the events leading to protein secretion. After a brief e ...
... with radioactive amino acids in a procedure known as a “pulse-chase” experiment. The location of the radiolabeled proteins within the cell was then determined by autoradiography and electron microscopy, revealing the cellular sites involved in the events leading to protein secretion. After a brief e ...
Inducing chromosome pairing through premature condensation
... absence of Ph1, cdk-like genes are over-expressed and there is an effect on chromosome condensation at early stages of meiosis. The phosphorylation targets for the Ph1 cdk-like proteins are most likely to be chromatin components that would allow these chromosome dynamic changes. Okadaic acid can be ...
... absence of Ph1, cdk-like genes are over-expressed and there is an effect on chromosome condensation at early stages of meiosis. The phosphorylation targets for the Ph1 cdk-like proteins are most likely to be chromatin components that would allow these chromosome dynamic changes. Okadaic acid can be ...
Organelle size control – increasing vacuole
... et al., 2007; Efe et al., 2007; Zieger and Mayer, 2012) and by environmental changes (Peters et al., 2004; Weisman, 2003). A crucial advantage is that vacuole content is dominated by only few compounds, polyphosphate ( polyP) and the basic amino acids that associate with it (Saito et al., 2005). Pol ...
... et al., 2007; Efe et al., 2007; Zieger and Mayer, 2012) and by environmental changes (Peters et al., 2004; Weisman, 2003). A crucial advantage is that vacuole content is dominated by only few compounds, polyphosphate ( polyP) and the basic amino acids that associate with it (Saito et al., 2005). Pol ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.