Hormonally Regulated Programmed Cell Death in
... 1967) and protoplasts (Bush et al., 1986) of cv Himalaya barley grain synthesize a-amylase in the absence of added GA because small amounts of endogenous GAs are present in the endosperm of the mature grain (Green et al., 1997). To eliminate responses to endogenous GAs, we isolated protoplasts in th ...
... 1967) and protoplasts (Bush et al., 1986) of cv Himalaya barley grain synthesize a-amylase in the absence of added GA because small amounts of endogenous GAs are present in the endosperm of the mature grain (Green et al., 1997). To eliminate responses to endogenous GAs, we isolated protoplasts in th ...
Spatial and temporal regulation of DNA
... Durzan, 1996) suggest that, as in animal systems, apoptosis may also play an important role in plants. In a previous paper it was shown that both a-amylase production and DNA fragmentation are activated over the aleurone in a spatial-temporal way ( Wang et al., 1996a). The activity of both processes ...
... Durzan, 1996) suggest that, as in animal systems, apoptosis may also play an important role in plants. In a previous paper it was shown that both a-amylase production and DNA fragmentation are activated over the aleurone in a spatial-temporal way ( Wang et al., 1996a). The activity of both processes ...
Distinct Lytic Vacuolar Compartments are Embedded
... seeds and seeds germinated for 1 d in the light (see Material and Methods). To avoid labeling differences due to heterogeneous cell types, the same defined region of the embryo axis, corresponding to the hypocotyl cells next to the radicle, was consistently observed throughout the study (Fig. 1A–C, ...
... seeds and seeds germinated for 1 d in the light (see Material and Methods). To avoid labeling differences due to heterogeneous cell types, the same defined region of the embryo axis, corresponding to the hypocotyl cells next to the radicle, was consistently observed throughout the study (Fig. 1A–C, ...
- University of East Anglia
... dorsal part of the somite, the dermomytome, will generate the myotome, which gives rise to epaxial back muscle and the hypaxial muscles of the ventral body wall and the limbs. The ventral somite undergoes an epithelial to mesenchymal transition to form the sclerotome, which is divided into a ventrom ...
... dorsal part of the somite, the dermomytome, will generate the myotome, which gives rise to epaxial back muscle and the hypaxial muscles of the ventral body wall and the limbs. The ventral somite undergoes an epithelial to mesenchymal transition to form the sclerotome, which is divided into a ventrom ...
Distribution of lens sodium-potassium-adenosine
... demonstrable, perhaps because of technical difficulties; the jS subunit band faded as the immobilon membrane dried. The key feature of this study is that we observed regions of the lens that have considerable amounts of Na-K-ATPase polypeptides but exhibit very low or negligible ouabain-sensitive AT ...
... demonstrable, perhaps because of technical difficulties; the jS subunit band faded as the immobilon membrane dried. The key feature of this study is that we observed regions of the lens that have considerable amounts of Na-K-ATPase polypeptides but exhibit very low or negligible ouabain-sensitive AT ...
PROPHASE I
... chromatids, this is called a tetrad -in this tetrad is where crossing-over now occurs ...
... chromatids, this is called a tetrad -in this tetrad is where crossing-over now occurs ...
Unit 6 Microorganisms & Fungi
... Diatoms - produce thin, delicate cell walls rich in silicon, the main component of glass ...
... Diatoms - produce thin, delicate cell walls rich in silicon, the main component of glass ...
Intraflagellar transport and the generation of dynamic, structurally
... essential roles in physiology and development. Underappreciated, however, are their diverse ultrastructures and typically bipartite organization consisting of doublet and singlet microtubules. Moreover, the overall shapes of the membrane-ensheathed cilia are varied, as exemplified by differences bet ...
... essential roles in physiology and development. Underappreciated, however, are their diverse ultrastructures and typically bipartite organization consisting of doublet and singlet microtubules. Moreover, the overall shapes of the membrane-ensheathed cilia are varied, as exemplified by differences bet ...
gland - Sinoe Medical Association
... immediately subjacent connective tissue. These secretory products are not delivered to their target tissue via ducts or the bloodstream. bloodstream. ...
... immediately subjacent connective tissue. These secretory products are not delivered to their target tissue via ducts or the bloodstream. bloodstream. ...
LvNotch positions the ectoderm-endoderm boundary
... specification in cleavage stage embryos (Wikramanayake et al., 1998; Logan et al., 1999; Huang et al., 2000; McClay et al., 2000; Vonica et al., 2000). At the late mesenchyme blastula stage, nuclear β-catenin is present specifically within the nuclei of presumptive endoderm cells bordering the presu ...
... specification in cleavage stage embryos (Wikramanayake et al., 1998; Logan et al., 1999; Huang et al., 2000; McClay et al., 2000; Vonica et al., 2000). At the late mesenchyme blastula stage, nuclear β-catenin is present specifically within the nuclei of presumptive endoderm cells bordering the presu ...
Contribution of molecular chaperones to protein folding in the
... eukaryotes than in bacteria, at least for certain types of proteins [10]. How do cells avoid a scenario where the majority of newly synthesized polypeptides aggregate? What then prevents these de novo synthesized polypeptides from associating inappropriately with themselves or other macromolecules d ...
... eukaryotes than in bacteria, at least for certain types of proteins [10]. How do cells avoid a scenario where the majority of newly synthesized polypeptides aggregate? What then prevents these de novo synthesized polypeptides from associating inappropriately with themselves or other macromolecules d ...
midlife crisis encodes a conserved zinc
... of neuronal Pros expression followed by loss of the neuronal marker Embryonic lethal abnormal vision (Elav) and ectopic expression of the neuroblast transcription factors Asense (Ase) and Deadpan (Dpn). This results in single neuroblast clones containing multiple Dpn+ Ase+ Elav– Pros– cells, which a ...
... of neuronal Pros expression followed by loss of the neuronal marker Embryonic lethal abnormal vision (Elav) and ectopic expression of the neuroblast transcription factors Asense (Ase) and Deadpan (Dpn). This results in single neuroblast clones containing multiple Dpn+ Ase+ Elav– Pros– cells, which a ...
i ANALYSIS OF THE ENU-3 PROTEIN FAMILY IN NERVOUS
... genome. They are all of unknown function, with 90 % amino acid sequence identity to ENU-3 (Yee et al., 2011). Therefore, their characterization was also of interest in this thesis. ENU-3 and four of its paralogs are predicted to contain a signal peptide, a transmembrane domain and a nuclear localiza ...
... genome. They are all of unknown function, with 90 % amino acid sequence identity to ENU-3 (Yee et al., 2011). Therefore, their characterization was also of interest in this thesis. ENU-3 and four of its paralogs are predicted to contain a signal peptide, a transmembrane domain and a nuclear localiza ...
Plant immune and growth receptors share common signalling
... Besides residing within the PM, BRI1-GFP additionally localised to mobile endomembrane compartments with high fluorescence intensities (highlighted by red arrowheads in Figure 1B and D). These intracellular compartments most likely resembled trans-Golgi network/early endosomes and late endosomes/mul ...
... Besides residing within the PM, BRI1-GFP additionally localised to mobile endomembrane compartments with high fluorescence intensities (highlighted by red arrowheads in Figure 1B and D). These intracellular compartments most likely resembled trans-Golgi network/early endosomes and late endosomes/mul ...
The PLASTID DIVISION1 and 2 Components of the
... In algae and meristematic cells in land plants, chloroplast (or plastid) division keeps pace with cell division to ensure their passage to daughter cells during cell division. By contrast, cells of land plants regulate the chloroplast division rate in accord with cell differentiation, thereby contro ...
... In algae and meristematic cells in land plants, chloroplast (or plastid) division keeps pace with cell division to ensure their passage to daughter cells during cell division. By contrast, cells of land plants regulate the chloroplast division rate in accord with cell differentiation, thereby contro ...
Shh signalling and cell death in limb development
... Fig. 1. Shh expression and cell death following grafts of polarising region cells (A-H) or Shh beads (I-L) to the posterior margin. (A) Graft of polarising region cells to posterior margin of a stage 20 wing bud. Embryo collected immediately after the operation and subjected to in situ hybridisation ...
... Fig. 1. Shh expression and cell death following grafts of polarising region cells (A-H) or Shh beads (I-L) to the posterior margin. (A) Graft of polarising region cells to posterior margin of a stage 20 wing bud. Embryo collected immediately after the operation and subjected to in situ hybridisation ...
The control of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca content in cardiac muscle
... The combination of the two factors results in a simple feedback loop in which an undesired change of SR Ca content is compensated for by changes of sarcolemmal fluxes [2,23,24]. This feedback scheme provides a means to control SR Ca content. It plays an analogous role to that carried out by store de ...
... The combination of the two factors results in a simple feedback loop in which an undesired change of SR Ca content is compensated for by changes of sarcolemmal fluxes [2,23,24]. This feedback scheme provides a means to control SR Ca content. It plays an analogous role to that carried out by store de ...
Vacuolar Sorting Receptor-Mediated Trafficking of Soluble Vacuolar
... Of these multiple routes, the most prominent employs multiple intermediate organelles, i.e., the Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network (TGN), and prevacuolar compartment (PVC) [3–9]. In this route, the process of protein trafficking from the ER to the vacuole comprises many distinct steps, each of wh ...
... Of these multiple routes, the most prominent employs multiple intermediate organelles, i.e., the Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network (TGN), and prevacuolar compartment (PVC) [3–9]. In this route, the process of protein trafficking from the ER to the vacuole comprises many distinct steps, each of wh ...
Study of moss vacuoles and functional
... The endomembrane system (secretory pathway) of plant cells has been studied by analogy with those of animals and yeasts, which have been well characterized. In plants, the secretory pathway comprises the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as site of protein and lipid synthesis, the Golgi apparatus (GA) as m ...
... The endomembrane system (secretory pathway) of plant cells has been studied by analogy with those of animals and yeasts, which have been well characterized. In plants, the secretory pathway comprises the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as site of protein and lipid synthesis, the Golgi apparatus (GA) as m ...
Localization of Phycoerythrin at the Lumenal Surface of the
... that was incubated in anti-PE 545 followed by protein A-small gold. The thylakoids are densely labeled, whereas the chloroplast stroma is virtually free of gold particles. Only a few gold particles are seen over the cell's cytoplasm and peripheral ejectosomes or over the embedding resin. Upon closer ...
... that was incubated in anti-PE 545 followed by protein A-small gold. The thylakoids are densely labeled, whereas the chloroplast stroma is virtually free of gold particles. Only a few gold particles are seen over the cell's cytoplasm and peripheral ejectosomes or over the embedding resin. Upon closer ...
TETRASPORE is required for male meiotic
... of the microspore, becoming completely enclosed in the vegetative cytoplasm, and at pollen mitosis II (PMII) divides to form two sperm. In some species, including Arabidopsis, PMII occurs before pollen is shed; in others (the majority) the generative cell divides on pollen germination. After release ...
... of the microspore, becoming completely enclosed in the vegetative cytoplasm, and at pollen mitosis II (PMII) divides to form two sperm. In some species, including Arabidopsis, PMII occurs before pollen is shed; in others (the majority) the generative cell divides on pollen germination. After release ...
TETRASPORE is required for male meiotic
... 2648 M. Spielman and others walls (Worrall et al., 1992; Peirson et al., 1996). In these, membranes or non-callosic walls separate the microspores, while in tes no intersporal membranes or walls are observed in the absence of callose. Secondly, TES is also unlikely to encode a product required for ...
... 2648 M. Spielman and others walls (Worrall et al., 1992; Peirson et al., 1996). In these, membranes or non-callosic walls separate the microspores, while in tes no intersporal membranes or walls are observed in the absence of callose. Secondly, TES is also unlikely to encode a product required for ...
Review The cellular functions of clathrin
... Clathrin light chains consist of what has been described as a linear array of domains: regions of protein discernable from the primary sequence or with distinct biochemical properties [42]. These are an N-terminal segment, a region that is 100% conserved between LCa and LCb, a portion to which Hsc70 ...
... Clathrin light chains consist of what has been described as a linear array of domains: regions of protein discernable from the primary sequence or with distinct biochemical properties [42]. These are an N-terminal segment, a region that is 100% conserved between LCa and LCb, a portion to which Hsc70 ...
Posttranscriptional Regulation of the Heterochronic Gene lin
... To test whether the lin-14 3⬘UTR alone is capable of conferring temporal regulation on another gene, we compared its activity on a lacZ reporter gene in C. elegans with that of a control 3⬘UTR. The reporter gene uses the promoter of the col-10 collagen gene that is active in hypodermal cells that ac ...
... To test whether the lin-14 3⬘UTR alone is capable of conferring temporal regulation on another gene, we compared its activity on a lacZ reporter gene in C. elegans with that of a control 3⬘UTR. The reporter gene uses the promoter of the col-10 collagen gene that is active in hypodermal cells that ac ...
Regulation of Metabolic Events during Embryo Development
... The overall aim of this thesis was to identify and characterize metabolic and biochemical events that are involved in regulation of embryo development in Norway spruce. Embryogenesis involves coordination of multicellular patterning events which are critical for establishment of the apical-basal pla ...
... The overall aim of this thesis was to identify and characterize metabolic and biochemical events that are involved in regulation of embryo development in Norway spruce. Embryogenesis involves coordination of multicellular patterning events which are critical for establishment of the apical-basal pla ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.