Cell Wall Amine Oxidases: New Players in Root Xylem
... the production of 3-aminopropanal and H2O2 (Figure 1) [19,44–47]. Furthermore, different from other TC- and BC-PAOs so far characterized, AtPAO5, which catalyzes the back-conversion of N1-acetyl-Spm, T-Spm and Spm to Spd, has been shown to have a 180-fold higher activity as a dehydrogenase than as a ...
... the production of 3-aminopropanal and H2O2 (Figure 1) [19,44–47]. Furthermore, different from other TC- and BC-PAOs so far characterized, AtPAO5, which catalyzes the back-conversion of N1-acetyl-Spm, T-Spm and Spm to Spd, has been shown to have a 180-fold higher activity as a dehydrogenase than as a ...
Presynaptic mechanisms: neurotransmitter release, synaptic vesicle
... Clostridial neurotoxins (e.g. tetanus toxin) inactive NT release – they act as specific proteases that cleave individual SNARE proteins at the synapse. Artificial lipid vesicles containing appropriate SNARE proteins can fuse in vitro. ...
... Clostridial neurotoxins (e.g. tetanus toxin) inactive NT release – they act as specific proteases that cleave individual SNARE proteins at the synapse. Artificial lipid vesicles containing appropriate SNARE proteins can fuse in vitro. ...
Step A
... Cell Challenge • As a group, quietly discuss each question and agree upon one correct answer. The group with the most correct answers will win extra credit. ...
... Cell Challenge • As a group, quietly discuss each question and agree upon one correct answer. The group with the most correct answers will win extra credit. ...
Physcomitrella Cyclin-Dependent Kinase A Links
... Similarly, the induction of a kinase-negative form of CDKA in the shoot meristem caused a portion of the meristem cells to expand and exhibit endoreduplication and thus resemble differentiated cells (Gaamouche et al., 2010). These results could be taken to mean that RBR and CDKA regulate both cell d ...
... Similarly, the induction of a kinase-negative form of CDKA in the shoot meristem caused a portion of the meristem cells to expand and exhibit endoreduplication and thus resemble differentiated cells (Gaamouche et al., 2010). These results could be taken to mean that RBR and CDKA regulate both cell d ...
Activation of the Cell Wall Degrading Protease, Lysin, during Sexual
... they contained a 62,000-Mr antigen that was not present in suspensions of mating gametes that had undergone sexual signalling. Furthermore, nonmating gametes whose walls were removed with exogenously added lysin did not contain either form of the antigen. We also found that the 62,000-M, form of the ...
... they contained a 62,000-Mr antigen that was not present in suspensions of mating gametes that had undergone sexual signalling. Furthermore, nonmating gametes whose walls were removed with exogenously added lysin did not contain either form of the antigen. We also found that the 62,000-M, form of the ...
Confocal imaging of glial cells in the intact rat optic nerve
... in a single two-dimensional image. 3) Cell images can be rotated through 360" in all planes to provide a new perspective of glial cell structure in the intact tissue. 4) Reconstruction of optical sections, within a narrow focal plane, provides a high definition and resolution of the finer details of ...
... in a single two-dimensional image. 3) Cell images can be rotated through 360" in all planes to provide a new perspective of glial cell structure in the intact tissue. 4) Reconstruction of optical sections, within a narrow focal plane, provides a high definition and resolution of the finer details of ...
Leishmania Flagellum
... Ultrastructural localization of LdFlabarin When observed by indirect immunofluorescence (anti-LdFlabarin plus Alexa-labelled anti-rabbit IgG), the green fluorescence signal of LdFlabarin-mRed (Fig. 3A1) was usually confined to the periphery of the flagellum, while the inside region remained darker ( ...
... Ultrastructural localization of LdFlabarin When observed by indirect immunofluorescence (anti-LdFlabarin plus Alexa-labelled anti-rabbit IgG), the green fluorescence signal of LdFlabarin-mRed (Fig. 3A1) was usually confined to the periphery of the flagellum, while the inside region remained darker ( ...
Cellular Force Microscopy for in Vivo
... (P.K.); and Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, CH–8092 Zurich, Switzerland (D.F., B.J.N.) ...
... (P.K.); and Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, CH–8092 Zurich, Switzerland (D.F., B.J.N.) ...
Physiological and induced apoptosis in sea urchin larvae
... that apoptosis occurs in the physiological development of the sea urchin embryos and larvae which undergo metamorphosis. Since we found that approaching metamorphosis fewer cells were becoming apoptotic, we postulate that the elimination of useless cells is the result of a programmed cell death, nee ...
... that apoptosis occurs in the physiological development of the sea urchin embryos and larvae which undergo metamorphosis. Since we found that approaching metamorphosis fewer cells were becoming apoptotic, we postulate that the elimination of useless cells is the result of a programmed cell death, nee ...
SHAPE CONTROL IN THE HUMAN RED CELL
... shape change, one slow and one rapid (Jinbu, Nakao, Otsuka & Sato, 1983; Jinbu, Sato & Nakao, 1984a; Jinbu, Sato, Nakao & Tsukita, 19846). Completion of the slow process conditions the cell, so that it can respond rapidly to addition of ATP, even at 6°C. From this they suggested that membrane protei ...
... shape change, one slow and one rapid (Jinbu, Nakao, Otsuka & Sato, 1983; Jinbu, Sato & Nakao, 1984a; Jinbu, Sato, Nakao & Tsukita, 19846). Completion of the slow process conditions the cell, so that it can respond rapidly to addition of ATP, even at 6°C. From this they suggested that membrane protei ...
PROTEINS IN NUCLEOCYTOPLASMIC INTERACTIONS III
... 2. Extent of Protein Return Following Mitosis When it had been establishcd that the return of radioactive protein to the nucleus is completed by 3 hr after cytokinesis, the extent of this return was measured by comparing the content of radioactive protein in latc G2 nuclei with the content in daught ...
... 2. Extent of Protein Return Following Mitosis When it had been establishcd that the return of radioactive protein to the nucleus is completed by 3 hr after cytokinesis, the extent of this return was measured by comparing the content of radioactive protein in latc G2 nuclei with the content in daught ...
PROTEINS IN NUCLEOCYTOPLASMIC
... amputated from an ameba in mitosis (shen the nuclear proteins are in the cytoplasm), the resultant daughter nuclei are depleted in the labeled nuclear proteins. The degree of depletion is less than proportional to the amount of cytoplasm removed because a portion of rapidly migrating protein (a nucl ...
... amputated from an ameba in mitosis (shen the nuclear proteins are in the cytoplasm), the resultant daughter nuclei are depleted in the labeled nuclear proteins. The degree of depletion is less than proportional to the amount of cytoplasm removed because a portion of rapidly migrating protein (a nucl ...
Chemical–Biological Studies of Subcellular Organization in Bacteria
... the septum by synthases associated with FtsZ but does not affect the insertion of cell wall precursors along the cylindrical region of cells.17 Evaluation of the Potency and Specificity of Putative FtsZ Inhibitors in Vivo. Several other small molecules have been identified as FtsZ inhibitors; below we ...
... the septum by synthases associated with FtsZ but does not affect the insertion of cell wall precursors along the cylindrical region of cells.17 Evaluation of the Potency and Specificity of Putative FtsZ Inhibitors in Vivo. Several other small molecules have been identified as FtsZ inhibitors; below we ...
MORPHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS
... • Usually involves large numbers of cells. • Necrotic cells may spill their contents, causing inflammation and injury to neighboring cells. Many types; • Coagulative necrosis, • Caseous necrosis • Liquefactive necrosis • Fat necrosis • Fibrinoid necrosis ...
... • Usually involves large numbers of cells. • Necrotic cells may spill their contents, causing inflammation and injury to neighboring cells. Many types; • Coagulative necrosis, • Caseous necrosis • Liquefactive necrosis • Fat necrosis • Fibrinoid necrosis ...
Changes in Red Blood Cell Electrolytes and ATP in
... reflects decreased energy use in a low flow state (27). Brown (10) reported that calcium extrusion by the dog red blood cell was dependent on both intracellular ATP and magnesium (10). Therefore, we must consider the possibility that increased calcium content of the erythrocyte in newborn shock was ...
... reflects decreased energy use in a low flow state (27). Brown (10) reported that calcium extrusion by the dog red blood cell was dependent on both intracellular ATP and magnesium (10). Therefore, we must consider the possibility that increased calcium content of the erythrocyte in newborn shock was ...
Secreted Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Polypeptides Are Derived from
... glycosylated forms of HBsAg, respectively. (B) Products visualized in A were quantitated by scanning densitometry and were plotted as percent of total product secreted vs. time. Total product is calculated as the sum of homogenate and medium at each individual time point. ...
... glycosylated forms of HBsAg, respectively. (B) Products visualized in A were quantitated by scanning densitometry and were plotted as percent of total product secreted vs. time. Total product is calculated as the sum of homogenate and medium at each individual time point. ...
to the complete text
... however, that turgor was necessary only to maintain contact between the plasma membrane and the inner surface of the cell wall. More recent mathematical models suggest that turgor does more than this, serving as the isotropic force that continually smooths the expanding hyphal surface (Bartnicki-Gar ...
... however, that turgor was necessary only to maintain contact between the plasma membrane and the inner surface of the cell wall. More recent mathematical models suggest that turgor does more than this, serving as the isotropic force that continually smooths the expanding hyphal surface (Bartnicki-Gar ...
The more and smaller cells mutants of Arabidopsis
... Total RNA was extracted from leaves using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) following the manufacturer’s instructions. For quantitative RT-PCR, total RNA was treated with amplification grade DNase I (Invitrogen) before reverse transcription. Reverse transcription was performed with the ...
... Total RNA was extracted from leaves using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) following the manufacturer’s instructions. For quantitative RT-PCR, total RNA was treated with amplification grade DNase I (Invitrogen) before reverse transcription. Reverse transcription was performed with the ...
Chaotic expression dynamics implies pluripotency: when theory and
... During normal development, cells undergo a unidirectional course of differentiation that progressively decreases the number of cell types they can potentially become. Totipotent cells in early embryos can differentiate into any of the cell types that make up the adult organism, but lineage-specific ...
... During normal development, cells undergo a unidirectional course of differentiation that progressively decreases the number of cell types they can potentially become. Totipotent cells in early embryos can differentiate into any of the cell types that make up the adult organism, but lineage-specific ...
Systems biology of virus-host signaling network
... MAPK signaling (22), resulting in defective antigen presentation. These studies focused on a single pathway, however the extent of viral-mediated changes could be more fully understood by measuring changes across multiple pathways in the network and using computational methods to analyze the experim ...
... MAPK signaling (22), resulting in defective antigen presentation. These studies focused on a single pathway, however the extent of viral-mediated changes could be more fully understood by measuring changes across multiple pathways in the network and using computational methods to analyze the experim ...
The New Introductory Biology Core at UNM
... The New Introductory Biology Core at UNM As of Spring, 2004, the Biology Department at UNM is introducing a new introductory sequence of four courses that will be required of all biology majors. This new Biology Core will consist of a sequence of four courses: 201. Molecular and Cell Biology. (4) Th ...
... The New Introductory Biology Core at UNM As of Spring, 2004, the Biology Department at UNM is introducing a new introductory sequence of four courses that will be required of all biology majors. This new Biology Core will consist of a sequence of four courses: 201. Molecular and Cell Biology. (4) Th ...
Agrobacterium tumefaciens- mediated Transformation of Plant Cells
... agrobacteria. In addition, chromosomally encoded virulence genes (chv for chromosomal virulence) participate in the DNA transfer processes. However, only strains of A. tumefaciens that have a Ti plasmid are capable of transforming a plant cell and causing a crown gall tumour. The T-DNA of the Ti pla ...
... agrobacteria. In addition, chromosomally encoded virulence genes (chv for chromosomal virulence) participate in the DNA transfer processes. However, only strains of A. tumefaciens that have a Ti plasmid are capable of transforming a plant cell and causing a crown gall tumour. The T-DNA of the Ti pla ...
Stomatal development - The Company of Biologists
... (sharing 90% amino acid similarity in their bHLH domains and 40% similarity overall), SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE and FAMA, are successively required for the transitions between the major cell types in the stomatal lineage (Fig. 1) (MacAlister et al., 2007; Pillitteri et al., 2007; Ohashi-Ito and Bergma ...
... (sharing 90% amino acid similarity in their bHLH domains and 40% similarity overall), SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE and FAMA, are successively required for the transitions between the major cell types in the stomatal lineage (Fig. 1) (MacAlister et al., 2007; Pillitteri et al., 2007; Ohashi-Ito and Bergma ...
PDF
... (sharing 90% amino acid similarity in their bHLH domains and 40% similarity overall), SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE and FAMA, are successively required for the transitions between the major cell types in the stomatal lineage (Fig. 1) (MacAlister et al., 2007; Pillitteri et al., 2007; Ohashi-Ito and Bergma ...
... (sharing 90% amino acid similarity in their bHLH domains and 40% similarity overall), SPEECHLESS (SPCH), MUTE and FAMA, are successively required for the transitions between the major cell types in the stomatal lineage (Fig. 1) (MacAlister et al., 2007; Pillitteri et al., 2007; Ohashi-Ito and Bergma ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.