Interplay between SCARECROW, GA and LIKE
... SCR does to the MGP promoter. The binding profiles for LHP1 and SCR overlap considerably. Next we performed quantitative RT–PCR and found that the expression levels of MGP and SCR are increased in the lhp1 mutant (Figure 2d), suggesting that LHP1 normally represses MGP and SCR transcription. These r ...
... SCR does to the MGP promoter. The binding profiles for LHP1 and SCR overlap considerably. Next we performed quantitative RT–PCR and found that the expression levels of MGP and SCR are increased in the lhp1 mutant (Figure 2d), suggesting that LHP1 normally represses MGP and SCR transcription. These r ...
Roles for Rice Membrane Dynamics and Plasmodesmata during
... the fungus produces an appressorium that controls host nuclear movement, cytoskeletal elements, and endoplasmic reticulum to build a prepenetration apparatus inside root epidermal cells. This elaborate structure appears to be involved in building an apoplastic compartment that the fungus uses to cro ...
... the fungus produces an appressorium that controls host nuclear movement, cytoskeletal elements, and endoplasmic reticulum to build a prepenetration apparatus inside root epidermal cells. This elaborate structure appears to be involved in building an apoplastic compartment that the fungus uses to cro ...
RNA-dependent disassembly of nuclear bodies
... Nuclear bodies (NBs) are membraneless organelles that play important roles in genome functioning. A specific type of NBs known as interphase prenucleolar bodies (iPNBs) are formed in the nucleoplasm after hypotonic stress from partially disassembled nucleoli. iPNBs are then disassembled, and the nuc ...
... Nuclear bodies (NBs) are membraneless organelles that play important roles in genome functioning. A specific type of NBs known as interphase prenucleolar bodies (iPNBs) are formed in the nucleoplasm after hypotonic stress from partially disassembled nucleoli. iPNBs are then disassembled, and the nuc ...
Nutrient‑regulated gene expression in eukaryotes
... resonance energy transfer) [11]. Other evidence, however, suggests that this model is incorrect, and that Gal80p dissociates from Gal4p and interacts with Gal3p in the cytoplasm of yeast cells [17]. This would result in the freeing of Gal4p from the inhibitory effects of Gal80p, allowing transcripti ...
... resonance energy transfer) [11]. Other evidence, however, suggests that this model is incorrect, and that Gal80p dissociates from Gal4p and interacts with Gal3p in the cytoplasm of yeast cells [17]. This would result in the freeing of Gal4p from the inhibitory effects of Gal80p, allowing transcripti ...
N-terminal and C-terminal plasma membrane
... (Received 12 May 1999, revised 1 June 1999, accepted 13 August 1999) ...
... (Received 12 May 1999, revised 1 June 1999, accepted 13 August 1999) ...
Different Roles for Tet1 and Tet2 Proteins in EGC Fusion
... imprinted regions, despite each of the parental ESC lines being hypomethylated (Figures S1D and S1E). These data show that EGCs induce DNA demethylation at imprinting domains within the somatic genome upon cell-fusion-mediated reprogramming, whereas ESC lines with a similarly low level of endogenous ...
... imprinted regions, despite each of the parental ESC lines being hypomethylated (Figures S1D and S1E). These data show that EGCs induce DNA demethylation at imprinting domains within the somatic genome upon cell-fusion-mediated reprogramming, whereas ESC lines with a similarly low level of endogenous ...
Measuring the stiffness of bacterial cells from growth
... macromolecule consisting of polysaccharides crosslinked by peptide bonds, and bears the stress of turgor pressures as high as 25 atmospheres to protect bacteria from osmotic shock and mechanical stress (Holtje, 1998; Vollmer and Bertsche, 2008). The cell wall is hydrated [~ 85% of the mass is bound ...
... macromolecule consisting of polysaccharides crosslinked by peptide bonds, and bears the stress of turgor pressures as high as 25 atmospheres to protect bacteria from osmotic shock and mechanical stress (Holtje, 1998; Vollmer and Bertsche, 2008). The cell wall is hydrated [~ 85% of the mass is bound ...
Lymphoid B cells induce NF-jB activation in high endothelial cells
... work deals with the participation of nuclear factor jB (NF-jB) transcription factors in this process. Triggering of endothelial cell activation can be induced in a variety of processes, including atherogenesis, angiogenesis and inflammation, and requires the expression of specific genes that lead to ...
... work deals with the participation of nuclear factor jB (NF-jB) transcription factors in this process. Triggering of endothelial cell activation can be induced in a variety of processes, including atherogenesis, angiogenesis and inflammation, and requires the expression of specific genes that lead to ...
Asymmetric Behavior in Stem Cells
... has a tendency to divide before its sister cell. In C. elegans, the par proteins will accumulate near the SEP. Tracking the lineage of the cell membrane also showed that this earlier dividing, SEP-inheriting cell contributes preferentially to the embryonic part of the mouse blastocyst (Fig. 2). Anot ...
... has a tendency to divide before its sister cell. In C. elegans, the par proteins will accumulate near the SEP. Tracking the lineage of the cell membrane also showed that this earlier dividing, SEP-inheriting cell contributes preferentially to the embryonic part of the mouse blastocyst (Fig. 2). Anot ...
J153
... drag, while back diffusion causes water from the cathode side to move towards the anode side due to concentration gradients [7,8]. Water is generated at the cathode catalyst layer and, if not removed efficiently and rapidly, it begins to accumulate in the gas channels. Buildup of liquid water at the ...
... drag, while back diffusion causes water from the cathode side to move towards the anode side due to concentration gradients [7,8]. Water is generated at the cathode catalyst layer and, if not removed efficiently and rapidly, it begins to accumulate in the gas channels. Buildup of liquid water at the ...
Cell Energetics
... is fermentation. Fermentation is used by yeasts, bacteria, and by muscles that are being overworked. The advantage of anaerobic respiration is that is doesn’t require oxygen to run. The disadvantage is that it is inefficient, and only 2 ATP are made from each glucose molecule. The rest of the glucos ...
... is fermentation. Fermentation is used by yeasts, bacteria, and by muscles that are being overworked. The advantage of anaerobic respiration is that is doesn’t require oxygen to run. The disadvantage is that it is inefficient, and only 2 ATP are made from each glucose molecule. The rest of the glucos ...
Apical constriction: A cell shape change that can
... vegetal plate has been recognized to undergo more pronounced apical constriction, as judged by scanning electron micrographs (Nakajima and Burke, 1996, Kimberly and Hardin, 1998, Fig. 2). Cells in this ring have been referred to as bottle cells, a term coined by Ruffini (1907) for amphibian embryonic ...
... vegetal plate has been recognized to undergo more pronounced apical constriction, as judged by scanning electron micrographs (Nakajima and Burke, 1996, Kimberly and Hardin, 1998, Fig. 2). Cells in this ring have been referred to as bottle cells, a term coined by Ruffini (1907) for amphibian embryonic ...
Membrane Proteins: Capturing the signal | eLife
... to the endoplasmic reticulum, was also eventually identified (Walter and Blobel, 1981a). The SRP is thought to bind to and protect the signal peptide (which is typically also the first transmembrane domain for membrane proteins) when it emerges from the ribosome. This halts the building of the prote ...
... to the endoplasmic reticulum, was also eventually identified (Walter and Blobel, 1981a). The SRP is thought to bind to and protect the signal peptide (which is typically also the first transmembrane domain for membrane proteins) when it emerges from the ribosome. This halts the building of the prote ...
lithium-metal-polymer batteries: from the electrochemical
... The Voltage Profile, the Charge Control Subsystem and the Disconnect Switch The reversible voltage range of the LMP electrochemical cell is 2.0 to 3.1 V. If the cell is operated outside this range it will lose capacity rapidly. To assure the battery’s long service life, it is equipped with a contro ...
... The Voltage Profile, the Charge Control Subsystem and the Disconnect Switch The reversible voltage range of the LMP electrochemical cell is 2.0 to 3.1 V. If the cell is operated outside this range it will lose capacity rapidly. To assure the battery’s long service life, it is equipped with a contro ...
Worksheet
... After that, the mass of water in beaker 3 is measured to find out the amount of water lost due to evaporation (initial volume is 50 g). Meanwhile, the mass of water in beaker 2 is also measured and the change in mass of water is compared with that in beaker 3. Meanwhile, the mass of potato in beaker ...
... After that, the mass of water in beaker 3 is measured to find out the amount of water lost due to evaporation (initial volume is 50 g). Meanwhile, the mass of water in beaker 2 is also measured and the change in mass of water is compared with that in beaker 3. Meanwhile, the mass of potato in beaker ...
Aluminum-Induced 133-ß-D-Glucan Inhibits Cell
... Al-induced alterations to both microtubules and actin cytoskeletal structures, which plays a central role in cell division and elongation (Blancaflor et al., 1998; Seju and Lee, 1998; Sivaguru et al., 1999a, 1999b). Within a plant cell, the symplast (intracellular space) and apoplast (extracellular ...
... Al-induced alterations to both microtubules and actin cytoskeletal structures, which plays a central role in cell division and elongation (Blancaflor et al., 1998; Seju and Lee, 1998; Sivaguru et al., 1999a, 1999b). Within a plant cell, the symplast (intracellular space) and apoplast (extracellular ...
on the nature of the "non-saturable" migration of
... medium, in which amino acids replaced NaCl isoosmotically. For studying the effect of modifying the pH, Krebs-Ringer phosphate medium was prepared to yield the desired pH at essentially the same osmotic pressure. Segments of the jejunum of rats (body weight about 12o g) of o.5-I cm length were incub ...
... medium, in which amino acids replaced NaCl isoosmotically. For studying the effect of modifying the pH, Krebs-Ringer phosphate medium was prepared to yield the desired pH at essentially the same osmotic pressure. Segments of the jejunum of rats (body weight about 12o g) of o.5-I cm length were incub ...
Demystifying CMC Regulatory Strategy for Biologics
... is no way to rapidly or easily detect their presence (the current in vivo bioassay involves injections into mouse brains and takes about one year to complete), and (2) if they get into the manufacturing facility or into the process equipment, there is no easy way to remove them (prions are resistant ...
... is no way to rapidly or easily detect their presence (the current in vivo bioassay involves injections into mouse brains and takes about one year to complete), and (2) if they get into the manufacturing facility or into the process equipment, there is no easy way to remove them (prions are resistant ...
Bullous Pemphigoid - UCLA Oral Medicine
... investigator firmly places and pushes against the mucous membrane and twists. A positive Nikolsky sign presents as blister formation within a matter of minutes – Note: many other vesicular/bullous diseases have a positive nikolsky sign ...
... investigator firmly places and pushes against the mucous membrane and twists. A positive Nikolsky sign presents as blister formation within a matter of minutes – Note: many other vesicular/bullous diseases have a positive nikolsky sign ...
Cooke Zeeman 1976 Wavefront model for morphogenesis
... within the remaining material, This is accomplished without special cell migration or re-assortment, but rather by cells re-adjusting their trajectories of development according to their new relative positions in the whole material. Compensatory cell division does not at first restore the normal cel ...
... within the remaining material, This is accomplished without special cell migration or re-assortment, but rather by cells re-adjusting their trajectories of development according to their new relative positions in the whole material. Compensatory cell division does not at first restore the normal cel ...
Clinical Genomic Analysis and Diagnosis -
... microarray by total mRNA, array CGH by total genome DNA and proteomics by total protein, genomic analysis in silico is an exclusive way for the analysis of genomic data because the genomic data at the tissue level are mixed with genome fro m different cells[24]. According to our experiences, at leas ...
... microarray by total mRNA, array CGH by total genome DNA and proteomics by total protein, genomic analysis in silico is an exclusive way for the analysis of genomic data because the genomic data at the tissue level are mixed with genome fro m different cells[24]. According to our experiences, at leas ...
Actin-dependent vacuolar occupancy of the cell determines auxin
... ctin filaments and its myosin motor proteins control a multitude of diverse cellular processes in animal cells, such as muscle contraction, cell motility, as well as vesicle and organelle movements (1). In animals, actin has a strong impact on the regulation of cellular shape and thus on cell size ( ...
... ctin filaments and its myosin motor proteins control a multitude of diverse cellular processes in animal cells, such as muscle contraction, cell motility, as well as vesicle and organelle movements (1). In animals, actin has a strong impact on the regulation of cellular shape and thus on cell size ( ...
A major glycoprotein of the nuclear pore complex is a membrane
... Both the rings and the spoke assembly have 8-fold radial symmetry when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the nuclear surface. Due to the superposition of these structures, the pore complex itself shows strong 8-fold symmetry. Although intact pore complexes have not been isolated from any source ...
... Both the rings and the spoke assembly have 8-fold radial symmetry when viewed in a direction perpendicular to the nuclear surface. Due to the superposition of these structures, the pore complex itself shows strong 8-fold symmetry. Although intact pore complexes have not been isolated from any source ...
references - Acusmatica.org
... musical ideas from the cycles. One of the main aims from a compositional perspective was to find ways of destabilising the optimal conditions of the living cell, which could mean musically expressive variations of the cycles and the patterns. Although the microbial fuel cell works as itself as a liv ...
... musical ideas from the cycles. One of the main aims from a compositional perspective was to find ways of destabilising the optimal conditions of the living cell, which could mean musically expressive variations of the cycles and the patterns. Although the microbial fuel cell works as itself as a liv ...
Origin and shaping of the laterality organ in zebrafish
... were attached to overlying dorsal marginal EVL cells via ZO-1rich subcellular structures at 80% epiboly (Fig. 2C,C⬘). After reaching the vegetal pole during the final phase of epiboly, the cluster became separated from the overlying dorsal marginal EVL cells, most likely owing to dorsal marginal dee ...
... were attached to overlying dorsal marginal EVL cells via ZO-1rich subcellular structures at 80% epiboly (Fig. 2C,C⬘). After reaching the vegetal pole during the final phase of epiboly, the cluster became separated from the overlying dorsal marginal EVL cells, most likely owing to dorsal marginal dee ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.