Apical constriction: themes and variations on a cellular mechanism
... Live imaging of apical constriction during development has suggested the additional importance of a more two-dimensionally organized actinmyosin network that underlies the plasma membrane, termed the actin cortex (Fig. 2) (Lecuit et al., 2011; Salbreux et al., 2012). The cortical actin-myosin networ ...
... Live imaging of apical constriction during development has suggested the additional importance of a more two-dimensionally organized actinmyosin network that underlies the plasma membrane, termed the actin cortex (Fig. 2) (Lecuit et al., 2011; Salbreux et al., 2012). The cortical actin-myosin networ ...
Apical constriction
... Live imaging of apical constriction during development has suggested the additional importance of a more two-dimensionally organized actinmyosin network that underlies the plasma membrane, termed the actin cortex (Fig. 2) (Lecuit et al., 2011; Salbreux et al., 2012). The cortical actin-myosin networ ...
... Live imaging of apical constriction during development has suggested the additional importance of a more two-dimensionally organized actinmyosin network that underlies the plasma membrane, termed the actin cortex (Fig. 2) (Lecuit et al., 2011; Salbreux et al., 2012). The cortical actin-myosin networ ...
Lateral inhibition and the development of the sensory bristles of the
... Hartenstein and Posakony (1989) counted approximately 14 epidermal cells for each microchaete. This number corresponds well with the number of hairs on the differentiated cuticle where microchaetae are separated by 5 to 6 hairs. It is therefore likely that each hair is the product of a single epider ...
... Hartenstein and Posakony (1989) counted approximately 14 epidermal cells for each microchaete. This number corresponds well with the number of hairs on the differentiated cuticle where microchaetae are separated by 5 to 6 hairs. It is therefore likely that each hair is the product of a single epider ...
Life in acid: pH homeostasis in acidophiles
... Figure 1. Processes associated with pH homeostasis in acidophiles. (i) Acidophiles reverse the Dc to partially deflect the inward flow of protons. One potential mechanism of generating a reversed Dc is by potassium transport – a predominance of potassium-transporting ATPases is found in acidophile g ...
... Figure 1. Processes associated with pH homeostasis in acidophiles. (i) Acidophiles reverse the Dc to partially deflect the inward flow of protons. One potential mechanism of generating a reversed Dc is by potassium transport – a predominance of potassium-transporting ATPases is found in acidophile g ...
plant cell biology in the new millennium: new tools and new
... Confocal microscopy—Confocal microscopy is proving to be one of the most exciting advances in optical microscopy of the last century. Although conventional wide-field epifluorescence microscopy has been a powerful tool for locating specific molecular components of the cell, it suffers from the probl ...
... Confocal microscopy—Confocal microscopy is proving to be one of the most exciting advances in optical microscopy of the last century. Although conventional wide-field epifluorescence microscopy has been a powerful tool for locating specific molecular components of the cell, it suffers from the probl ...
Chapter List
... Ways organisms can become reproductively isolated and how that affects speciation, sympatric and allopatric speciation – relate to environmental interactions INDIVIDUALS do NOT evolve!!!!!!! Only POPULATIONS evolve!! ...
... Ways organisms can become reproductively isolated and how that affects speciation, sympatric and allopatric speciation – relate to environmental interactions INDIVIDUALS do NOT evolve!!!!!!! Only POPULATIONS evolve!! ...
Cell surface monoamine oxidases: enzymes in search of a function
... Fig. 2. The SSAO reaction and leukocyte extravasation. (A) The catalytic reaction of SSAO. In the reductive half-reaction (1±4) the primary amine group interacts with the TPQ of the enzyme. Then a proton is abstracted by the active-site base (aspartate) and, through a carbanionic intermediate, a pro ...
... Fig. 2. The SSAO reaction and leukocyte extravasation. (A) The catalytic reaction of SSAO. In the reductive half-reaction (1±4) the primary amine group interacts with the TPQ of the enzyme. Then a proton is abstracted by the active-site base (aspartate) and, through a carbanionic intermediate, a pro ...
The Evolution of Robust Development and Homeostasis in Artificial
... chance. To assess the likelihood of this occurring, we used the GA to analyse the fitness of a control set of 1000 individuals generated at random (Figure S1A). Although one of these had a modest degree of fitness, the 999 other individuals had negligible fitness scores. Taking this further, we gene ...
... chance. To assess the likelihood of this occurring, we used the GA to analyse the fitness of a control set of 1000 individuals generated at random (Figure S1A). Although one of these had a modest degree of fitness, the 999 other individuals had negligible fitness scores. Taking this further, we gene ...
Glucosamine induces cell-cycle arrest and hypertrophy of mesangial
... content were measured. As shown in Figure 1, time-course experiments revealed that GlcN potently decreases proliferation. The effect of GlcN was evident starting from 48 h and, at the end of the treatment period, the number of cells in RMC treated with 0.5 and 5 mM glucosamine was only 41 and 12 % o ...
... content were measured. As shown in Figure 1, time-course experiments revealed that GlcN potently decreases proliferation. The effect of GlcN was evident starting from 48 h and, at the end of the treatment period, the number of cells in RMC treated with 0.5 and 5 mM glucosamine was only 41 and 12 % o ...
The Role of the Cell Cycle Machinery in
... of the radicle (Fig. 2F). In seeds imbibed for 1 d, GUS activity driven by the CYCD4;1 promoter slowly increased in the radicle meristem but still remained present in a number of other radicle cells (data not shown). Once germination was completed, GUS expression was exclusively confined to the radi ...
... of the radicle (Fig. 2F). In seeds imbibed for 1 d, GUS activity driven by the CYCD4;1 promoter slowly increased in the radicle meristem but still remained present in a number of other radicle cells (data not shown). Once germination was completed, GUS expression was exclusively confined to the radi ...
Normal and c-Myc-promoted human keratinocyte di
... self-renewal (Lavker and Sun, 1983; Hall and Watt, 1989). After division their progeny stays as stem cells or enter an intermediate state, the transit amplifying cell, which proliferates continuously but undergoes terminal dierentiation after a small number of cell divisions. Although little is kno ...
... self-renewal (Lavker and Sun, 1983; Hall and Watt, 1989). After division their progeny stays as stem cells or enter an intermediate state, the transit amplifying cell, which proliferates continuously but undergoes terminal dierentiation after a small number of cell divisions. Although little is kno ...
Fundamentals of Microbiology
... – Blood from a diseased animal caused disease in a healthy animal – Cultivated the disease causing agent outside the animal’s body, then introduced the agent into a healthy animal which subsequently developed the disease ...
... – Blood from a diseased animal caused disease in a healthy animal – Cultivated the disease causing agent outside the animal’s body, then introduced the agent into a healthy animal which subsequently developed the disease ...
Purifying rfp Protein
... the gene that encodes the protein. Once isolated, the gene is inserted into a plasmid so that the gene can be cloned, as additional copies of the gene will be needed for ongoing studies. The rfp gene was cloned in a plasmid called pKAN-R. pKAN-R is a cloning vector, a plasmid that has been engineere ...
... the gene that encodes the protein. Once isolated, the gene is inserted into a plasmid so that the gene can be cloned, as additional copies of the gene will be needed for ongoing studies. The rfp gene was cloned in a plasmid called pKAN-R. pKAN-R is a cloning vector, a plasmid that has been engineere ...
The Living World
... Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
... Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
Recommended literature
... Table 1 Prophase I: stages and landmark events of chromosome behavior Leptotene Chromatin condensation begins and the chromosomes ®rst become visible as long, extended thread-like structures. As part of this condensation process, the chromosomes form a proteinaceous core (axial element) composed of ...
... Table 1 Prophase I: stages and landmark events of chromosome behavior Leptotene Chromatin condensation begins and the chromosomes ®rst become visible as long, extended thread-like structures. As part of this condensation process, the chromosomes form a proteinaceous core (axial element) composed of ...
The zebrafish midblastula transition - Development
... using a computer to control the plane of focus, UV and white light shutters (Kane et al., 1992). For recordings of cells containing lineage tracing dyes, we used low levels of UV illumination to prevent damage to the dye-filled cells and a Silicon Intensified Target video camera (Dage) to record fra ...
... using a computer to control the plane of focus, UV and white light shutters (Kane et al., 1992). For recordings of cells containing lineage tracing dyes, we used low levels of UV illumination to prevent damage to the dye-filled cells and a Silicon Intensified Target video camera (Dage) to record fra ...
Understanding Lignification: Challenges Beyond
... and polymerization to form lignin. In contrast to our detailed knowledge of monolignol biosynthesis, we know little about how these compounds are moved from the cytoplasm to the cell wall. The translocation of small molecules across the cell membrane may occur by at least three different mechanisms: ...
... and polymerization to form lignin. In contrast to our detailed knowledge of monolignol biosynthesis, we know little about how these compounds are moved from the cytoplasm to the cell wall. The translocation of small molecules across the cell membrane may occur by at least three different mechanisms: ...
O A RIGINAL
... correlate well in other respects with observations of delayed hypersensitivity in vitro, in that killed cells, cell extracts, or living cells whose protein synthesizing capacity have been inhibited, failed to effect the reaction [2]. Further, these results indicate that inhibition of migration of ly ...
... correlate well in other respects with observations of delayed hypersensitivity in vitro, in that killed cells, cell extracts, or living cells whose protein synthesizing capacity have been inhibited, failed to effect the reaction [2]. Further, these results indicate that inhibition of migration of ly ...
Towards a Small Emittance Design of the JLEIC Electron Collider Ring
... ring is designed reusing major PEP-II High Energy Ring (HER) magnets within their magnet specification in both arcs and straights and new dipoles and quadrupoles in particular machine blocks, such as spin rotators, interaction regions, etc [1]. The required arc dipole field for a 10 GeV electron bea ...
... ring is designed reusing major PEP-II High Energy Ring (HER) magnets within their magnet specification in both arcs and straights and new dipoles and quadrupoles in particular machine blocks, such as spin rotators, interaction regions, etc [1]. The required arc dipole field for a 10 GeV electron bea ...
Variations in Surface Protein Composition Associated
... since acquisition of a new outer membrane protein may result in a concomitant decrease in one previously present (Heckels, 1978) and perhaps other as yet unknown alterations in membrane composition. Nevertheless, differences occur between the variants in properties which directly affect potential vi ...
... since acquisition of a new outer membrane protein may result in a concomitant decrease in one previously present (Heckels, 1978) and perhaps other as yet unknown alterations in membrane composition. Nevertheless, differences occur between the variants in properties which directly affect potential vi ...
FIP2 and Rip11 specify Rab11a-mediated cellular
... Among the large number of known Rab proteins, Rab4 and Rab11a have been found to co-localise with GLUT4 in adipose tissue and muscle [1,2]. In contrast to Rab4, the presence of Rab11a was found to increase in GLUT4-containing vesicles after insulin stimulation [2,3]. In this context it was also obse ...
... Among the large number of known Rab proteins, Rab4 and Rab11a have been found to co-localise with GLUT4 in adipose tissue and muscle [1,2]. In contrast to Rab4, the presence of Rab11a was found to increase in GLUT4-containing vesicles after insulin stimulation [2,3]. In this context it was also obse ...
- Catalyst
... measurements to maintain constant ionic strength. Nitrate standards at 0.0050 M and 0.0100 M were used, diluted, and gave voltage readings of –0.3496 V and –0.3662 V against S.C.E. (ESCE = +0.241 V). The sample read –0.3606 against S.C.E. What was the nitrate concentration in mg/L in the original sa ...
... measurements to maintain constant ionic strength. Nitrate standards at 0.0050 M and 0.0100 M were used, diluted, and gave voltage readings of –0.3496 V and –0.3662 V against S.C.E. (ESCE = +0.241 V). The sample read –0.3606 against S.C.E. What was the nitrate concentration in mg/L in the original sa ...
as a PDF
... Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widely used in the production of fermented dairy products such as cheeses, yoghurts and creams because of their technological, nutritional and eventual health properties. The production of organic (mainly lactic and acetic) acids and the resulting acidification is esse ...
... Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widely used in the production of fermented dairy products such as cheeses, yoghurts and creams because of their technological, nutritional and eventual health properties. The production of organic (mainly lactic and acetic) acids and the resulting acidification is esse ...
pdf, 1.1 MB - The Nebenführ Lab
... disappears. This event not only marks the separation of the two daughter cells, but also initiates a range of biochemical modifications that transform the calloserich, flexible cell plate into a cellulose-rich, stiff primary cell wall. In highly vacuolated cells these common mechanisms of cytokinesi ...
... disappears. This event not only marks the separation of the two daughter cells, but also initiates a range of biochemical modifications that transform the calloserich, flexible cell plate into a cellulose-rich, stiff primary cell wall. In highly vacuolated cells these common mechanisms of cytokinesi ...
DOI: 10
... All other reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (France). The ODN sequences are listed in Table S1. The ODN sequences used in this work have a melting temperature (Tm) higher than 60°C and do not form any secondary structures, which allows performing ...
... All other reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (France). The ODN sequences are listed in Table S1. The ODN sequences used in this work have a melting temperature (Tm) higher than 60°C and do not form any secondary structures, which allows performing ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.