From signal to form: aspects of the cytoskeleton
... broad root hairs such as those of Hydrocharis (Shimmen et al., 1995) in which the flow of cytoplasm is upwards at the cell borders and downwards in the cell centre. In relatively thin hairs such as Vicia saliva L. (De Ruijter et al., unpublished observations) the downward flow, as well as the upward ...
... broad root hairs such as those of Hydrocharis (Shimmen et al., 1995) in which the flow of cytoplasm is upwards at the cell borders and downwards in the cell centre. In relatively thin hairs such as Vicia saliva L. (De Ruijter et al., unpublished observations) the downward flow, as well as the upward ...
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... Rivera et al. sistent with the operation of a biochemical oscillator similar to that in vertebrates. Moreover, when the Notch signaling pathway was disrupted in C. salei, the normal pattern of segmentation was disrupted (Stollewerk et al. 2003; Schoppmeier and Damen 2005). Although recent molecular ...
... Rivera et al. sistent with the operation of a biochemical oscillator similar to that in vertebrates. Moreover, when the Notch signaling pathway was disrupted in C. salei, the normal pattern of segmentation was disrupted (Stollewerk et al. 2003; Schoppmeier and Damen 2005). Although recent molecular ...
Toll-like receptor signaling in cell proliferation and survival
... damaged or inflamed self tissues. Upon sensing these molecules, TLRs initiate a series of downstream signaling events that drive cellular responses including the production of cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators. This outcome results from the intracellular assembly of protein compl ...
... damaged or inflamed self tissues. Upon sensing these molecules, TLRs initiate a series of downstream signaling events that drive cellular responses including the production of cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators. This outcome results from the intracellular assembly of protein compl ...
Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus
... 41.1 % lower activity of guaiacol peroxidases. Higher GPOD activity in cultivar Oblica could be related with its thicker lignified cell walls in vascular tissue (Figs 4A and 4C) and more suberin in cuticular layer of epidermis (Figs 4B and 4D). Hiraga et al. (2001) extensively described the relation ...
... 41.1 % lower activity of guaiacol peroxidases. Higher GPOD activity in cultivar Oblica could be related with its thicker lignified cell walls in vascular tissue (Figs 4A and 4C) and more suberin in cuticular layer of epidermis (Figs 4B and 4D). Hiraga et al. (2001) extensively described the relation ...
Title Regulation of Vascular Development by CLE Peptide
... tubes in the phloem transport sucrose and amino acids produced in photosynthetic leaves. Vascular tissues also function as pathways for the delivery of signaling molecules, such as cytokinins, synthesized in roots and auxin produced in meristems and young leaves. Thus, the network of the vascular sy ...
... tubes in the phloem transport sucrose and amino acids produced in photosynthetic leaves. Vascular tissues also function as pathways for the delivery of signaling molecules, such as cytokinins, synthesized in roots and auxin produced in meristems and young leaves. Thus, the network of the vascular sy ...
Isoform-Specific Mutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans
... Strains: All experiments were performed at 20⬚. lin-14 and lin-4 double mutants were constructed as follows: MT1155 lin-4(e912)/mnC1; him-5(e1467ts) males were mated to lin14(n536n540)/szT1 hermaphrodites, and cross-progeny lin4(e912)/⫹; him-5(e1467ts)/⫹; lin-14(n536n540)/⫹ were identified by placin ...
... Strains: All experiments were performed at 20⬚. lin-14 and lin-4 double mutants were constructed as follows: MT1155 lin-4(e912)/mnC1; him-5(e1467ts) males were mated to lin14(n536n540)/szT1 hermaphrodites, and cross-progeny lin4(e912)/⫹; him-5(e1467ts)/⫹; lin-14(n536n540)/⫹ were identified by placin ...
Muscle Properties
... • myofilament sliding and sarcomere shortening result in muscle contraction • this process can only occur in the presence of sufficient calcium (Ca++) ions and an adequate supply of energy (ATP) ...
... • myofilament sliding and sarcomere shortening result in muscle contraction • this process can only occur in the presence of sufficient calcium (Ca++) ions and an adequate supply of energy (ATP) ...
MitoToxTM Mitochondrial toxicity application guide
... demonstrated by a greater focus on identifying mitochondrial toxicity and preclinical contract research organizations (CRO's) early in the development process [1]. There is an increasing emphasis on reducing attrition through the preclinical and clinical phases of drug development in order to minimi ...
... demonstrated by a greater focus on identifying mitochondrial toxicity and preclinical contract research organizations (CRO's) early in the development process [1]. There is an increasing emphasis on reducing attrition through the preclinical and clinical phases of drug development in order to minimi ...
Mouse embryonic stem cells can differentiate via multiple
... cell ablation studies. These studies showed that specifically labeled intermediate states generate stereotyped sets of downstream cell types, and that these downstream cell types fail to form if an intermediate that is upstream in their lineage is ablated1,2. Furthermore, embryos in general do not ...
... cell ablation studies. These studies showed that specifically labeled intermediate states generate stereotyped sets of downstream cell types, and that these downstream cell types fail to form if an intermediate that is upstream in their lineage is ablated1,2. Furthermore, embryos in general do not ...
Arabidopsis RHD3 mediates the generation of the tubular ER
... RHD3 in the generation of the tubular ER network complements the Arabidopsis rhd3-1 mutant throughout the development of root, root hairs and adult plants (Fig. 1A–D; see also Fig. 3A and Fig. 8A for rhd3-1 phenotype). Confocal imaging of rhd3-1::GFP–RHD3 root epidermal cells revealed that the fusio ...
... RHD3 in the generation of the tubular ER network complements the Arabidopsis rhd3-1 mutant throughout the development of root, root hairs and adult plants (Fig. 1A–D; see also Fig. 3A and Fig. 8A for rhd3-1 phenotype). Confocal imaging of rhd3-1::GFP–RHD3 root epidermal cells revealed that the fusio ...
MLAB 1415-Hematology Keri Brophy
... Pallor Fatigue Cardiac symptoms Gallstones Dark or red urine Splenomegaly ...
... Pallor Fatigue Cardiac symptoms Gallstones Dark or red urine Splenomegaly ...
The Cell Membrane
... leaving no chance for the substrate to compete for a place on the carrier, the inhibition is called noncompetitive. The carrier in effect gets inactivated. If, however, the inhibitor binds reversibly, the physiologic substrate has a reasonable proba bility of competing and dislodging the inhibitor ...
... leaving no chance for the substrate to compete for a place on the carrier, the inhibition is called noncompetitive. The carrier in effect gets inactivated. If, however, the inhibitor binds reversibly, the physiologic substrate has a reasonable proba bility of competing and dislodging the inhibitor ...
Regulation of Potassium Transport in Leaves: from Molecular to
... Potassium is the most abundant inorganic cation in nonhalophytes, contributing up to 6 % of plant dry weight. As a major inorganic osmolyte, K+ is crucial for cell osmoregulation and turgor maintenance and, hence, for cell expansion, stomatal function, tropisms and leaf movement. Being an activator ...
... Potassium is the most abundant inorganic cation in nonhalophytes, contributing up to 6 % of plant dry weight. As a major inorganic osmolyte, K+ is crucial for cell osmoregulation and turgor maintenance and, hence, for cell expansion, stomatal function, tropisms and leaf movement. Being an activator ...
A majority of cotton genes are expressed in single-celled
... False Discovery Rates SNARE Soluble NSF attachment protein receptor ...
... False Discovery Rates SNARE Soluble NSF attachment protein receptor ...
The Transition Between Different Physiological States
... the synthesis of cell wall material (the general term 'wall materkl' is used here because we lack precise knowledge about the components of the cell wall and/or membrane, which are directly involved in the division process), the synthesis of DNA thus seems to be governed by a rate-controlling mechan ...
... the synthesis of cell wall material (the general term 'wall materkl' is used here because we lack precise knowledge about the components of the cell wall and/or membrane, which are directly involved in the division process), the synthesis of DNA thus seems to be governed by a rate-controlling mechan ...
Reprogramming of gene expression following nuclear transfer to the
... transfer. When using donor nuclei from endoderm cells of the early embryo, nuclear transfer to egg leads to high rate of development to the blastula stage and up to 1% of reconstructed embryo reaches the adult stage (Gurdon, 1960). In such experiments, a large number of cloned embryos give rise to p ...
... transfer. When using donor nuclei from endoderm cells of the early embryo, nuclear transfer to egg leads to high rate of development to the blastula stage and up to 1% of reconstructed embryo reaches the adult stage (Gurdon, 1960). In such experiments, a large number of cloned embryos give rise to p ...
4th quarter CRT Review
... Cnidarians use what to capture food and reproduces both sexually and asexually? A. Jet propulsion B. Stinging cells ...
... Cnidarians use what to capture food and reproduces both sexually and asexually? A. Jet propulsion B. Stinging cells ...
GFP-tagging of cell components reveals the dynamics of subcellular
... parasitica isolates Cala2 (avirulent) and Noks1 (virulent) could both penetrate into the mesophyll cell layer. Epidermal cell responses to penetration by these oomycetes were examined cytologically with a range of transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-tagged cell c ...
... parasitica isolates Cala2 (avirulent) and Noks1 (virulent) could both penetrate into the mesophyll cell layer. Epidermal cell responses to penetration by these oomycetes were examined cytologically with a range of transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-tagged cell c ...
Idh paper revised II - G3: Genes | Genomes | Genetics
... *Corresponding author: Department of Biology Campus Box 1137 Washington University 1 Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO 63130. ...
... *Corresponding author: Department of Biology Campus Box 1137 Washington University 1 Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO 63130. ...
Does Plant Cell Death Require Toxin Entry?
... Plant pathogen causing the disease tan spot of sensitive wheat species Crop losses estimated up to 50% in susceptible ...
... Plant pathogen causing the disease tan spot of sensitive wheat species Crop losses estimated up to 50% in susceptible ...
Truncated products of the vestigial proliferation gene
... suggests that the truncated product of vgBG could act by inducing directly or indirectly reaper. ...
... suggests that the truncated product of vgBG could act by inducing directly or indirectly reaper. ...
Here - Events
... initiating the inhibition of the transcriptional inhibitor Whi5. Our work overturns this model. While Cln3 concentration does modulate the rate at which cells pass Start, its synthesis increases in proportion to cell size so that its total concentration is constant during pre-Start G1. Rather than i ...
... initiating the inhibition of the transcriptional inhibitor Whi5. Our work overturns this model. While Cln3 concentration does modulate the rate at which cells pass Start, its synthesis increases in proportion to cell size so that its total concentration is constant during pre-Start G1. Rather than i ...
Discreteness of chromosome territories
... and allowed to incorporate IdUrd during one full S-phase. After 14 hours, 1.5 mM hydroxy urea (Sigma) was added to the cells for another 11 hours to synchronize their cell cycles at the onset of the next S-phase. Cells were washed and cultured during one S-phase in medium containing CldUrd. After 8 ...
... and allowed to incorporate IdUrd during one full S-phase. After 14 hours, 1.5 mM hydroxy urea (Sigma) was added to the cells for another 11 hours to synchronize their cell cycles at the onset of the next S-phase. Cells were washed and cultured during one S-phase in medium containing CldUrd. After 8 ...
-Chain Cytokine Signals γ Activation Is Independent of Jak3
... of T cells through the G1 to S phase of the cell cycle by upregulating cyclin D2, cyclin D3, cyclin E, and E2F and downregulating p27kip1 (9 –12). Based on these findings, among others, the consensus view is that TCR and CD28 stimulation induce quiescent T cells to leave G0 and enter the G1 phase of ...
... of T cells through the G1 to S phase of the cell cycle by upregulating cyclin D2, cyclin D3, cyclin E, and E2F and downregulating p27kip1 (9 –12). Based on these findings, among others, the consensus view is that TCR and CD28 stimulation induce quiescent T cells to leave G0 and enter the G1 phase of ...
From spores to antibiotics via the cell cycle
... spoIIIE, turned out to encode proteins with crucial roles in cell cycle control and chromosome segregation that are conserved in almost all bacteria, not just spore formers, so we had uncovered important leads into this fundamental area of biology. Our first major contribution emerged as soon as we ...
... spoIIIE, turned out to encode proteins with crucial roles in cell cycle control and chromosome segregation that are conserved in almost all bacteria, not just spore formers, so we had uncovered important leads into this fundamental area of biology. Our first major contribution emerged as soon as we ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.