The epithelial junction: bridge, gate, and fence.
... removed to a different cell, expecting to validate their procedure by observing no voltage step (because everyone then assumed the resistance between different epithelial cells to be infinite). Instead, they found to their astonishment that the voltage step was nearly as large as when both microelec ...
... removed to a different cell, expecting to validate their procedure by observing no voltage step (because everyone then assumed the resistance between different epithelial cells to be infinite). Instead, they found to their astonishment that the voltage step was nearly as large as when both microelec ...
Myosin-Powered Membrane Compartment Drives Cytoplasmic
... short-distance traffic in neurons, and melanosome transport to the cell periphery in melanocytes [3,4,12,13]. By and large, the mechanisms whereby these membrane compartments move are similar in that the motor proteins attach to cytoskeletal filaments on one end and to cargospecific receptors on the ...
... short-distance traffic in neurons, and melanosome transport to the cell periphery in melanocytes [3,4,12,13]. By and large, the mechanisms whereby these membrane compartments move are similar in that the motor proteins attach to cytoskeletal filaments on one end and to cargospecific receptors on the ...
Atg18 function in autophagy is regulated by specific sites within its b
... degradation while autophagy permits the elimination of large protein complexes and entire organelles or microorganisms, allowing the turnover of all cellular components (Nakatogawa et al., 2009; Ravid and Hochstrasser, 2008). Autophagy is characterized by the formation of double-membrane vesicles ca ...
... degradation while autophagy permits the elimination of large protein complexes and entire organelles or microorganisms, allowing the turnover of all cellular components (Nakatogawa et al., 2009; Ravid and Hochstrasser, 2008). Autophagy is characterized by the formation of double-membrane vesicles ca ...
Cells_Review_Game_wi..
... Is this active or passive transport? Transport – Goes against concentration gradient and requires energy. ...
... Is this active or passive transport? Transport – Goes against concentration gradient and requires energy. ...
How do neurons degenerate in prion diseases or transmissible
... al. (1997), Kretzschmar et al. (1996, 1997, 1998) and Jamieson et al. (2001) found apoptosis in different rodent scrapie models readily. The characteristic DNA fragmentation ladder have been seen in BSE (Theil et al. 1999) and in natural scrapie (Fairbarin et al. 1994) while in situ end-labeling (IS ...
... al. (1997), Kretzschmar et al. (1996, 1997, 1998) and Jamieson et al. (2001) found apoptosis in different rodent scrapie models readily. The characteristic DNA fragmentation ladder have been seen in BSE (Theil et al. 1999) and in natural scrapie (Fairbarin et al. 1994) while in situ end-labeling (IS ...
The Energetic Ear AJ Hudspeth
... Like other excitable cells, the hair cell produces electrical signals across its surface membrane through the action of ion channels, proteins that traverse the membrane and offer tiny pores through which electrically charged ions can flow. Most channels are equipped with some form of molecular gate ...
... Like other excitable cells, the hair cell produces electrical signals across its surface membrane through the action of ion channels, proteins that traverse the membrane and offer tiny pores through which electrically charged ions can flow. Most channels are equipped with some form of molecular gate ...
Chapter 3
... A hypertonic solution is one with lower water concentration or higher dissolved particle concentration • Water moves across a membrane towards the hypertonic solution A hypotonic solution is one with higher water concentration or lower dissolved particle concentration • Water moves across a memb ...
... A hypertonic solution is one with lower water concentration or higher dissolved particle concentration • Water moves across a membrane towards the hypertonic solution A hypotonic solution is one with higher water concentration or lower dissolved particle concentration • Water moves across a memb ...
Planar cell polarity signalling regulates cell adhesion properties in
... during KV organogenesis remains very limited. PCP signalling plays a key role in various developmental processes ranging from oriented cell division to collective cell migration (Wang and Nathans, 2007). Several lines of evidence indicate that the pathway affects these different processes by modulat ...
... during KV organogenesis remains very limited. PCP signalling plays a key role in various developmental processes ranging from oriented cell division to collective cell migration (Wang and Nathans, 2007). Several lines of evidence indicate that the pathway affects these different processes by modulat ...
A differential requirement for SUMOylation in proliferating and non
... remove SUMO from substrates (Mukhopadhyay and Dasso, 2007). SUMO conjugation to substrates (SUMOylation) starts with the activation of processed SUMO, performed by an E1 SUMOactivating complex comprising the Aos1/Uba2 heterodimeric pair (Johnson et al., 1997). SUMO is activated by ATP hydrolysisdepe ...
... remove SUMO from substrates (Mukhopadhyay and Dasso, 2007). SUMO conjugation to substrates (SUMOylation) starts with the activation of processed SUMO, performed by an E1 SUMOactivating complex comprising the Aos1/Uba2 heterodimeric pair (Johnson et al., 1997). SUMO is activated by ATP hydrolysisdepe ...
193 CHAPTER 10: NERVOUS SYSTEM I OBJECTIVES: 1. Name
... Classify neurons according to their structure, drawing an illustration of each. ...
... Classify neurons according to their structure, drawing an illustration of each. ...
Tetherin Inhibits HIV-1 Release by Directly Tethering Virions to Cells
... A second posttranslational modification of tetherin that is thought to occur is the addition of a GPI anchor at its C terminus (Kupzig et al., 2003). To confirm that tetherin is indeed modified in this way, and to determine its effect on tetherin trafficking and maturation, we used a CHO-derived cel ...
... A second posttranslational modification of tetherin that is thought to occur is the addition of a GPI anchor at its C terminus (Kupzig et al., 2003). To confirm that tetherin is indeed modified in this way, and to determine its effect on tetherin trafficking and maturation, we used a CHO-derived cel ...
Functional Characterization of a Mitochondrial Ser/Thr Protein
... mitochondrial matrix and to play an important role in both ATP production and insulin secretion (Pagliarini et al., 2005). In short, protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in mitochondria are an important mechanism of cell signaling to regulate metabolic and apoptotic activities. Recently, we ...
... mitochondrial matrix and to play an important role in both ATP production and insulin secretion (Pagliarini et al., 2005). In short, protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in mitochondria are an important mechanism of cell signaling to regulate metabolic and apoptotic activities. Recently, we ...
Vps41 Phosphorylation and the Rab Ypt7 Control the Targeting of
... proximal to the vacuole (Figure 1B, A and B), which are in part reminiscent of the class E endosomes observed upon loss of ESCRT subunits (Rieder et al., 1996). The tubular structures may correspond to several flat endosomal cisternae that seem to be stacked onto each other (Figure 1B, C–E). Some st ...
... proximal to the vacuole (Figure 1B, A and B), which are in part reminiscent of the class E endosomes observed upon loss of ESCRT subunits (Rieder et al., 1996). The tubular structures may correspond to several flat endosomal cisternae that seem to be stacked onto each other (Figure 1B, C–E). Some st ...
Reflection Paper on stem cell-based medicinal - EMA
... Purity of the cell-based product relates to the minimisation of undesirable characteristics, for example non-cellular impurities that may have been introduced during the manufacturing process and cell debris or cells that are not required for the overall function of the medicinal product. As a resul ...
... Purity of the cell-based product relates to the minimisation of undesirable characteristics, for example non-cellular impurities that may have been introduced during the manufacturing process and cell debris or cells that are not required for the overall function of the medicinal product. As a resul ...
A parafusin-related Toxoplasma protein in Ca -regulated secretory organelles
... AIDS patients. T. gondii contains three types of secretory organelles: micronemes, rhoptries and dense granules (Ngo et al., 2000). Secretion from these organelles during invasion has been examined (Carruthers and Sibley, 1997, 1999). The complete invasion process takes place within 25 ± 40 s (Moris ...
... AIDS patients. T. gondii contains three types of secretory organelles: micronemes, rhoptries and dense granules (Ngo et al., 2000). Secretion from these organelles during invasion has been examined (Carruthers and Sibley, 1997, 1999). The complete invasion process takes place within 25 ± 40 s (Moris ...
Draft De Novo Transcriptome of the Rat Kangaroo Potorous
... gene, and cannot minimize for off-target effects because the sequences of other genes are not known. Only three rat kangaroo genes have so far been knocked down by RNAi (KIF2C/ MCAK, KIF11/EG5, NDC80/HEC1) [5,6], based on genes sequenced by individual laboratories (the first fully, others partially) ...
... gene, and cannot minimize for off-target effects because the sequences of other genes are not known. Only three rat kangaroo genes have so far been knocked down by RNAi (KIF2C/ MCAK, KIF11/EG5, NDC80/HEC1) [5,6], based on genes sequenced by individual laboratories (the first fully, others partially) ...
Cellular lipidomics
... Meer, 1989). Extensive data on the ability of sphingolipids and not glycerolipids to act as hydrogen bond donors provided the physical basis for this hypothesis. Cholesterol rapidly flips across membranes and readily transfers as a monomer between membranes (Baumann et al, 2005). As cholesterol prefe ...
... Meer, 1989). Extensive data on the ability of sphingolipids and not glycerolipids to act as hydrogen bond donors provided the physical basis for this hypothesis. Cholesterol rapidly flips across membranes and readily transfers as a monomer between membranes (Baumann et al, 2005). As cholesterol prefe ...
pdf: Rahman et al. 2007.
... cell production (Beemster and Baskin, 1998). The synthetic auxin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D), led to a steady-state root elongation rate over the 3 days at 30 nM, whereas none of the tested concentrations of IAA or of another synthetic auxin, 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), produced st ...
... cell production (Beemster and Baskin, 1998). The synthetic auxin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D), led to a steady-state root elongation rate over the 3 days at 30 nM, whereas none of the tested concentrations of IAA or of another synthetic auxin, 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), produced st ...
Computational Models Reveal a Passive Mechanism for Cell
... growths in normal-appearing colonic mucosa, which progress into CRC, usually much earlier than in sporadic cases [14,15]. ...
... growths in normal-appearing colonic mucosa, which progress into CRC, usually much earlier than in sporadic cases [14,15]. ...
Cell Division - Napa Valley College
... Meiosis I: the pairs of chromosomes line up and the chromosomes are separated, resulting in 2 cells, each with 23 chromosomes, in the duplicated state = haploid cells Meiosis II: The chromatids are separated producing two haploid cells that contain 23 non duplicated chromosomes. One original c ...
... Meiosis I: the pairs of chromosomes line up and the chromosomes are separated, resulting in 2 cells, each with 23 chromosomes, in the duplicated state = haploid cells Meiosis II: The chromatids are separated producing two haploid cells that contain 23 non duplicated chromosomes. One original c ...
Plant Tissue Culture for Plant Transformation
... Northrup King’s reliance upon PEG-mediated transformation of protoplasts for corn Zeneca’s development of silica fiber-mediated corn transformation ...
... Northrup King’s reliance upon PEG-mediated transformation of protoplasts for corn Zeneca’s development of silica fiber-mediated corn transformation ...
Analysis of the paralysed trypanosome mutant snl-1
... retrograde transport systems operating in the flagellum. In this respect, the accumulation of unassembled PFR precursors in the flagellum shows interesting similarities with axonemal mutants in other systems, illustrating transport of components of a flagellar structure during both flagellum assembl ...
... retrograde transport systems operating in the flagellum. In this respect, the accumulation of unassembled PFR precursors in the flagellum shows interesting similarities with axonemal mutants in other systems, illustrating transport of components of a flagellar structure during both flagellum assembl ...
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE THETA CELL OF THE MOUSE
... light microscopy (Fig. 1). In this area, membranebounded cavities of the endoplasmic reticulum are very flattened and extend to distant areas. The contents of the cavities are of homogeneously low density and appear electron-transparent. A number of these flattened cavities are tightly piled upon ea ...
... light microscopy (Fig. 1). In this area, membranebounded cavities of the endoplasmic reticulum are very flattened and extend to distant areas. The contents of the cavities are of homogeneously low density and appear electron-transparent. A number of these flattened cavities are tightly piled upon ea ...
Activation of Src Kinases p53/56@ and p59hckby @ in Myeloid Cells`
... protein of Mr 210,000, p2lØbcr/abt, which, in contrast to its normal counterpart p145c@abt is located in the cytoplasm and has a high, constitutive tyrosine kinase activity (3). It is thought that the p2l0bcr/abl @naseacts, at least in part, through the (constitutive) phosphorylation and stimulatio ...
... protein of Mr 210,000, p2lØbcr/abt, which, in contrast to its normal counterpart p145c@abt is located in the cytoplasm and has a high, constitutive tyrosine kinase activity (3). It is thought that the p2l0bcr/abl @naseacts, at least in part, through the (constitutive) phosphorylation and stimulatio ...
Cell Division - Napa Valley College
... Meiosis I: the pairs of chromosomes line up and the chromosomes are separated, resulting in 2 cells, each with 23 chromosomes, in the duplicated state = haploid cells Meiosis II: The chromatids are separated producing two haploid cells that contain 23 non duplicated chromosomes. One original c ...
... Meiosis I: the pairs of chromosomes line up and the chromosomes are separated, resulting in 2 cells, each with 23 chromosomes, in the duplicated state = haploid cells Meiosis II: The chromatids are separated producing two haploid cells that contain 23 non duplicated chromosomes. One original c ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.