PC7 and the related proteases Furin and Pace4 regulate E
... To evaluate a role for PC7, exons 3–7 encoding the translational start site, the pro region, and the catalytic domain were deleted by homologous recombination in embryonic stem (ES) cells (Fig. S1). Progeny of germline chimeras obtained from two independently targeted ES cell clones gave rise to fer ...
... To evaluate a role for PC7, exons 3–7 encoding the translational start site, the pro region, and the catalytic domain were deleted by homologous recombination in embryonic stem (ES) cells (Fig. S1). Progeny of germline chimeras obtained from two independently targeted ES cell clones gave rise to fer ...
Differential Expression Control and Polarized Distribution of Plasma
... 5Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Center for Integrated Research in Science, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504 Japan 6Molecular Membrane Biology Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan ...
... 5Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Center for Integrated Research in Science, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504 Japan 6Molecular Membrane Biology Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan ...
LIGHT MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF PORELLA PLATYPHYLLA (L
... process could cause the formation of large ice crystals which destroy membrane systems and organelles too. Cells were unimpaired after the rapid and short frost effect at -80°C. When the cells were coloured with neutral red before freezing, the melting process had less harmful effect on the cell str ...
... process could cause the formation of large ice crystals which destroy membrane systems and organelles too. Cells were unimpaired after the rapid and short frost effect at -80°C. When the cells were coloured with neutral red before freezing, the melting process had less harmful effect on the cell str ...
Polyamines Regulate Growth Factor
... Malignant breast tumors contain higher polyamine levels than levels measured in normal mammary tissue. Activation of the polyamine pathway by promoting several key steps involved in proliferation causes the transition from a hormone-dependent to a hormone-independent breast cancer phenotype (9). Tam ...
... Malignant breast tumors contain higher polyamine levels than levels measured in normal mammary tissue. Activation of the polyamine pathway by promoting several key steps involved in proliferation causes the transition from a hormone-dependent to a hormone-independent breast cancer phenotype (9). Tam ...
Termination of autophagy and reformation of lysosomes regulated
... enlarged autolysosomes (Fig. 1d). After 8 h of starvation, we saw LAMP1-positive tubular structures extending from autolysosomes (Fig. 1d). After 12 h of starvation, LC3 was dispersed and less punctate than at earlier time points, indicating that autophagy had slowed and that the size and number of ...
... enlarged autolysosomes (Fig. 1d). After 8 h of starvation, we saw LAMP1-positive tubular structures extending from autolysosomes (Fig. 1d). After 12 h of starvation, LC3 was dispersed and less punctate than at earlier time points, indicating that autophagy had slowed and that the size and number of ...
One tissue, two fates: different roles of megagametophyte cells
... nuclease Tat-D incises the double-stranded DNA without obvious specificity through its endonuclease activity and excises DNA from the 3#-end to the 5#-end via its exonuclease activity. Tat-D has been found to be evolutionarily conserved across the plant and animal kingdoms, potentially due to its in ...
... nuclease Tat-D incises the double-stranded DNA without obvious specificity through its endonuclease activity and excises DNA from the 3#-end to the 5#-end via its exonuclease activity. Tat-D has been found to be evolutionarily conserved across the plant and animal kingdoms, potentially due to its in ...
Quaternary ammonium surfactant structure determines selective
... Results: QAS toxicity normalized relative to surfactant critical micelle concentration showed n-dodecylpyridinium bromide (C12PB) to be the most effective, with a therapeutic index of ∼10 for an MDR strain of Escherichia coli and .20 for Neisseria gonorrhoeae after 1 h of exposure. Three modes of QA ...
... Results: QAS toxicity normalized relative to surfactant critical micelle concentration showed n-dodecylpyridinium bromide (C12PB) to be the most effective, with a therapeutic index of ∼10 for an MDR strain of Escherichia coli and .20 for Neisseria gonorrhoeae after 1 h of exposure. Three modes of QA ...
Phosphoinositide Signaling Regulates the Exocyst Complex and
... nascent focal adhesion complexes and the stabilization of the leading edge in migrating cells (Caswell and Norman, 2008; Caswell and Norman, 2006; Choma et al., 2004). As shown in Figure 2E, the knockdown of PIPKIgi2, exocyst components, or Rab11 disrupted focal adhesion complex assembly, as evidenc ...
... nascent focal adhesion complexes and the stabilization of the leading edge in migrating cells (Caswell and Norman, 2008; Caswell and Norman, 2006; Choma et al., 2004). As shown in Figure 2E, the knockdown of PIPKIgi2, exocyst components, or Rab11 disrupted focal adhesion complex assembly, as evidenc ...
Full-Text PDF
... In this study, we purified mammary epithelial cells from Holstein dairy cows for use in experimental assays. These DCMECs exhibited the typical cobblestone-like morphology that differed significantly from fibroblasts; we also found the expression of the epithelial cell-specific keratin CK18. Further ...
... In this study, we purified mammary epithelial cells from Holstein dairy cows for use in experimental assays. These DCMECs exhibited the typical cobblestone-like morphology that differed significantly from fibroblasts; we also found the expression of the epithelial cell-specific keratin CK18. Further ...
11. Kikkawa, M. et al. Switch-based mechanism of
... (Fig. 4g-j). These data indicate that kif1b is specifically required in oligodendrocytes to localize mRNAs encoding a subset of myelin proteins, including MBP and 36K. To determine if kif1b is required for the formation of myelin in CNS, we analyzed ultrastructure of myelinated axons by TEM. The nu ...
... (Fig. 4g-j). These data indicate that kif1b is specifically required in oligodendrocytes to localize mRNAs encoding a subset of myelin proteins, including MBP and 36K. To determine if kif1b is required for the formation of myelin in CNS, we analyzed ultrastructure of myelinated axons by TEM. The nu ...
Chloride Channels Regulate HIT Cell Volume but Cannot
... of anions on islet physiology presumed that anion transporters or pumps, rather than anion channels, were the predominant anion transport mechanisms of islet cells. The discovery of a novel anion-selective channel in pancreatic islet -cells by Kinard and Satin (5) and Best et al. (6) suggests that ...
... of anions on islet physiology presumed that anion transporters or pumps, rather than anion channels, were the predominant anion transport mechanisms of islet cells. The discovery of a novel anion-selective channel in pancreatic islet -cells by Kinard and Satin (5) and Best et al. (6) suggests that ...
Inhibition of Cyclin-dependent Kinase Activity Triggers Neuronal
... grossly abnormal. In regions where only postmitotic cells are found in wild-type (wt) 1 animals, many cells attempt to divide and subsequently die in Rb -/- mice (Lee et al., 1992, 1994), suggesting that these cells require retinoblastoma gene product (pRb) for cell cycle arrest and survival. In add ...
... grossly abnormal. In regions where only postmitotic cells are found in wild-type (wt) 1 animals, many cells attempt to divide and subsequently die in Rb -/- mice (Lee et al., 1992, 1994), suggesting that these cells require retinoblastoma gene product (pRb) for cell cycle arrest and survival. In add ...
Cellular Receptors and Signal Transduction in Molluscan
... initiated by the binding of particles to specific cell receptors. Such adhesive interactions may be the result of particles binding directly to recognition receptors at the cell membrane, or indirectly, through the reactivity of phagocyte receptors with particle-bound soluble recognition molecules ( ...
... initiated by the binding of particles to specific cell receptors. Such adhesive interactions may be the result of particles binding directly to recognition receptors at the cell membrane, or indirectly, through the reactivity of phagocyte receptors with particle-bound soluble recognition molecules ( ...
Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1a Non
... and even in developed countries [1]. HCV infection results in more than 350,000 deaths every year predominantly due to hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma [2]. HCV is a small, enveloped, positive sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus of approximately 9.6 kb long [3]. The viral genome co ...
... and even in developed countries [1]. HCV infection results in more than 350,000 deaths every year predominantly due to hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma [2]. HCV is a small, enveloped, positive sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus of approximately 9.6 kb long [3]. The viral genome co ...
How can biochemical reactions within cells differ from those in test
... By contrast, the free energy profile in red in Fig. 3 has been shifted upward because all three states of the system interact with the background in a repulsive (free energy raising) fashion. Nonspecific intermolecular repulsion can be due to volume exclusion (steric repulsion) or electrostatic effe ...
... By contrast, the free energy profile in red in Fig. 3 has been shifted upward because all three states of the system interact with the background in a repulsive (free energy raising) fashion. Nonspecific intermolecular repulsion can be due to volume exclusion (steric repulsion) or electrostatic effe ...
cell-substrate contacts in cultured chick embryonic cells
... and during this stage poor IR images led us to examine dissociated cells in order to look at the first contacts formed. These were small dark grey circles surrounded by a white rim seen a few minutes after plating in all tissues studied (Fig. 3). These point contacts were mobile and were directly co ...
... and during this stage poor IR images led us to examine dissociated cells in order to look at the first contacts formed. These were small dark grey circles surrounded by a white rim seen a few minutes after plating in all tissues studied (Fig. 3). These point contacts were mobile and were directly co ...
fine structure and morphogenic movements in the
... from its distal surface along the edge of the groove, ending in a tight interlocking with another mesodermal cell. Some correlations between fine structure and the mechanics of gastrulation are discussed, and a theory of invagination is proposed, based on contraction and expansion of the dense layer ...
... from its distal surface along the edge of the groove, ending in a tight interlocking with another mesodermal cell. Some correlations between fine structure and the mechanics of gastrulation are discussed, and a theory of invagination is proposed, based on contraction and expansion of the dense layer ...
Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome
... guttata seen in Fuchs' corneal endothelial dystrophy, is noted -- this results from the abnormal endothelial cells posterior to normal Descemet's membrane. Researchers, using electron microscopy, have shown this endothelial layer to vary in thickness from a single layer to multiple layers Also evide ...
... guttata seen in Fuchs' corneal endothelial dystrophy, is noted -- this results from the abnormal endothelial cells posterior to normal Descemet's membrane. Researchers, using electron microscopy, have shown this endothelial layer to vary in thickness from a single layer to multiple layers Also evide ...
TRANSPORT OF SODIUM, POTASSIUM, AND CALCIUM ACROSS
... microcentrifuge tubes. The separation of the cell from the suspending medium was accomplished by a single centrifugation (0.5 min.) in an Eppendorf microcentrifuge (Brinkmann Instruments, Inc., Westbury, N. Y.) (maximum speed 8,000 rpm reached in less than 10 s). It was found that practically no rad ...
... microcentrifuge tubes. The separation of the cell from the suspending medium was accomplished by a single centrifugation (0.5 min.) in an Eppendorf microcentrifuge (Brinkmann Instruments, Inc., Westbury, N. Y.) (maximum speed 8,000 rpm reached in less than 10 s). It was found that practically no rad ...
Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome • abnormal corneal endothelium
... guttata seen in Fuchs' corneal endothelial dystrophy, is noted -- this results from the abnormal endothelial cells posterior to normal Descemet's membrane. Researchers, using electron microscopy, have shown this endothelial layer to vary in thickness from a single layer to multiple layers Also evide ...
... guttata seen in Fuchs' corneal endothelial dystrophy, is noted -- this results from the abnormal endothelial cells posterior to normal Descemet's membrane. Researchers, using electron microscopy, have shown this endothelial layer to vary in thickness from a single layer to multiple layers Also evide ...
as a PDF
... the Towne strain gB sequence rather than gB nonresponsiveness primarily determined by expression of certain D R alleles. In fact, we have determined that even among the limited number of T cell epitopes on gB that have been defined to date, there is sequence variation among H C M V strains which aff ...
... the Towne strain gB sequence rather than gB nonresponsiveness primarily determined by expression of certain D R alleles. In fact, we have determined that even among the limited number of T cell epitopes on gB that have been defined to date, there is sequence variation among H C M V strains which aff ...
Regulated adhesion as a driving force of gastrulation movements
... axis. Here, we argue that, with respect to their dependence on regulated cell adhesion, all types of gastrulation movement share certain crucial features, and are much more similar than was initially acknowledged. Cell adhesion describes the energy that is released upon binding, or, in reverse, the ...
... axis. Here, we argue that, with respect to their dependence on regulated cell adhesion, all types of gastrulation movement share certain crucial features, and are much more similar than was initially acknowledged. Cell adhesion describes the energy that is released upon binding, or, in reverse, the ...
Nup358 interacts with APC and plays a role in cell polarization
... Notably, transient expression of RFP-GST-APC-M in mammalian cells resulted in its localization to distinct comet-like structures in the cytoplasm. To test whether they represented the plus ends of growing microtubules, we co-stained with antibodies against EB1, a prototypical +TIP. The result confir ...
... Notably, transient expression of RFP-GST-APC-M in mammalian cells resulted in its localization to distinct comet-like structures in the cytoplasm. To test whether they represented the plus ends of growing microtubules, we co-stained with antibodies against EB1, a prototypical +TIP. The result confir ...
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis (cyto- + kinesis) is the process during cell division in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell is divided to form two daughter cells. It usually initiates during the early stages of mitosis, and sometimes meiosis, splitting a mitotic cell in two, to ensure that chromosome number is maintained from one generation to the next. After cytokinesis two (daughter) cells will be formed that are exact copies of the (parent) original cell. After cytokinesis, each daughter cell is in the interphase portion of the cell cycle. In animal cells, one notable exception to the normal process of cytokinesis is oogenesis (the creation of an ovum in the ovarian follicle of the ovary), where the ovum takes almost all the cytoplasm and organelles, leaving very little for the resulting polar bodies, which then die. Another form of mitosis without cytokinesis occurs in the liver, yielding multinucleate cells. In plant cells, a dividing structure known as the cell plate forms within the centre of the cytoplasm and a new cell wall forms between the two daughter cells.Cytokinesis is distinguished from the prokaryotic process of binary fission.