Chapter 4 General metabolism
... pyruvate bypass that involves the synthesis of acetyl-CoA through the concerted action of pyruvate decarboxylase, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and acetyl CoA synthetase (Figure 4.3). These reactions followed by transport of the formed acetyl CoA to the mitochondria could in principle “by-pass” the act ...
... pyruvate bypass that involves the synthesis of acetyl-CoA through the concerted action of pyruvate decarboxylase, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and acetyl CoA synthetase (Figure 4.3). These reactions followed by transport of the formed acetyl CoA to the mitochondria could in principle “by-pass” the act ...
Module 2 General principles of metabolism. Мetabolism of carbohy
... 60. What shape would a graph of reaction velocity versus pH have for an enzyme that uses both a proton donor and a proton acceptor during catalysis (both acid and base catalysis)? A. Sigmoidal B. Hyperbolic C. Exponential D. * Bell-shaped E. Linear ...
... 60. What shape would a graph of reaction velocity versus pH have for an enzyme that uses both a proton donor and a proton acceptor during catalysis (both acid and base catalysis)? A. Sigmoidal B. Hyperbolic C. Exponential D. * Bell-shaped E. Linear ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a metabolic regulator of
... pathway is compartmentalised in the nucleus, where NAD can be readily utilised by Sir2p [15]. Consistent with this notion, components of the salvage pathway, such as Npt1p, are localised primarily to the nucleus, whereas components of the de novo pathway reside evenly throughout the cell and have n ...
... pathway is compartmentalised in the nucleus, where NAD can be readily utilised by Sir2p [15]. Consistent with this notion, components of the salvage pathway, such as Npt1p, are localised primarily to the nucleus, whereas components of the de novo pathway reside evenly throughout the cell and have n ...
attached paper highlights
... 16.5 kb in vertebrates and contains 37 genes encoding 13 subunits of the electron transport chain (ETC) complexes I, III, IV, and V, 22 transfer RNAs, and 2 ribosomal RNAs necessary for the translation. Correct mitochondrial biogenesis relies on the spatiotemporally coordinated synthesis and import ...
... 16.5 kb in vertebrates and contains 37 genes encoding 13 subunits of the electron transport chain (ETC) complexes I, III, IV, and V, 22 transfer RNAs, and 2 ribosomal RNAs necessary for the translation. Correct mitochondrial biogenesis relies on the spatiotemporally coordinated synthesis and import ...
FAT/CD36 is located on the outer mitochondrial membrane
... sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2 + -ATPase 2; SUIT, substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; WT, wild-type. ...
... sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2 + -ATPase 2; SUIT, substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor titration; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; WT, wild-type. ...
Temperature-dependent effects of cadmium and purine nucleotides
... mitochondrial bioenergetics of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica, resulting in reduced mitochondrial efficiency, lower rates of ATP synthesis and potential energy deficit (Sokolova, 2004; Cherkasov et al., 2006a,b). Cd-induced discrepancy between energy demand and energy supply is especially str ...
... mitochondrial bioenergetics of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica, resulting in reduced mitochondrial efficiency, lower rates of ATP synthesis and potential energy deficit (Sokolova, 2004; Cherkasov et al., 2006a,b). Cd-induced discrepancy between energy demand and energy supply is especially str ...
Chapter X-1: The Plant Cell and the Cell Cycle
... cytochromes. iron-sulfur proteins. coenzyme Q. NAD+. FAD. ...
... cytochromes. iron-sulfur proteins. coenzyme Q. NAD+. FAD. ...
Emerging therapeutic roles for NAD+ metabolism in mitochondrial
... nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2)] along the respiratory chain protein complexes (CI-IV) via the electron carriers (e.g. coenzyme Q10 and cytochrome c) to the terminal electron acceptor i.e. oxygen (O2) which is ultimately reduced to water (Fig. 1) [34 ...
... nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2)] along the respiratory chain protein complexes (CI-IV) via the electron carriers (e.g. coenzyme Q10 and cytochrome c) to the terminal electron acceptor i.e. oxygen (O2) which is ultimately reduced to water (Fig. 1) [34 ...
Document
... • Transport of fatty acids into mitochondria • Beta-Oxidation proper in the mitochondrial matrix • Fatty acids are oxidized by most of the tissues in the body. • Brain, erythrocytes and adrenal medulla cannot utilize fatty acids for energy requirement. ...
... • Transport of fatty acids into mitochondria • Beta-Oxidation proper in the mitochondrial matrix • Fatty acids are oxidized by most of the tissues in the body. • Brain, erythrocytes and adrenal medulla cannot utilize fatty acids for energy requirement. ...
Plant Biochemistry
... The cytochrome-b6/f complex mediates electron transport between photosystem II and photosystem I 92 Iron atoms in cytochromes and in iron-sulfur centers have a central function as redox carriers 92 The electron transport by the cytochrome-b6/f complex is coupled to a proton transport 95 The number o ...
... The cytochrome-b6/f complex mediates electron transport between photosystem II and photosystem I 92 Iron atoms in cytochromes and in iron-sulfur centers have a central function as redox carriers 92 The electron transport by the cytochrome-b6/f complex is coupled to a proton transport 95 The number o ...
Boundless Study Slides
... • allosteric a compound that binds to an inactive site, affecting the activity of an enzyme by changing the conformation of the protein (can activate or deactivate) ...
... • allosteric a compound that binds to an inactive site, affecting the activity of an enzyme by changing the conformation of the protein (can activate or deactivate) ...
Contents - Elsevier
... The foregoing observations suggested that these biological dehydrogenations may be viewed as removal of a hydride ion (H–) together with a proton (H+) rather than as removal of two hydrogen atoms. NAD+ and NADP+ are regarded as hydride ion-accepting coenzymes. However, it has been impossible to esta ...
... The foregoing observations suggested that these biological dehydrogenations may be viewed as removal of a hydride ion (H–) together with a proton (H+) rather than as removal of two hydrogen atoms. NAD+ and NADP+ are regarded as hydride ion-accepting coenzymes. However, it has been impossible to esta ...
Enzyme Mechanisms
... We describe enzymatic mechanisms in terms of the binding modes of the substrates (or, more properly, the transition-state species) to the enzyme. One of these involves the proximity effect, in which two (or more) substrates are directed down potential-energy gradients to positions where they are clo ...
... We describe enzymatic mechanisms in terms of the binding modes of the substrates (or, more properly, the transition-state species) to the enzyme. One of these involves the proximity effect, in which two (or more) substrates are directed down potential-energy gradients to positions where they are clo ...
Cardiac mitochondrial matrix and respiratory complex - AJP
... catalyzes the phosphorylation of many proteins in cell extracts, consistent with a low absolute specificity. Indeed, as stated by the authors of KESTREL, a significant challenge in this type of study is deciphering the kinase phosphorylations that impact function versus neutral sites. Taking this co ...
... catalyzes the phosphorylation of many proteins in cell extracts, consistent with a low absolute specificity. Indeed, as stated by the authors of KESTREL, a significant challenge in this type of study is deciphering the kinase phosphorylations that impact function versus neutral sites. Taking this co ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.