Stage 4 Digestion: Electron Transport Chain
... Stage 4 Digestion: Electron Transport Chain - ETC Interconnected proteins - named by Roman numerals (on large graphic on back of page) - embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane ETC Jobs 1. Dehydrogenases: Removal of H from NADH and FADH Separation into a high energy electron e- & H+ 2. Proton p ...
... Stage 4 Digestion: Electron Transport Chain - ETC Interconnected proteins - named by Roman numerals (on large graphic on back of page) - embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane ETC Jobs 1. Dehydrogenases: Removal of H from NADH and FADH Separation into a high energy electron e- & H+ 2. Proton p ...
Cell Respiration ch. 9
... CO2 is released; NAD+ ---> NADH; In each turn 2 C atoms enter (Acetyl CoA) and 2 exit (carbon dioxide) Oxaloacetate is regenerated (the “cycle”) For each pyruvate that enters: 3 NAD+ reduced to NADH; 1 FAD+ reduced to FADH2 (riboflavin, B vitamin); 1 ATP molecule ...
... CO2 is released; NAD+ ---> NADH; In each turn 2 C atoms enter (Acetyl CoA) and 2 exit (carbon dioxide) Oxaloacetate is regenerated (the “cycle”) For each pyruvate that enters: 3 NAD+ reduced to NADH; 1 FAD+ reduced to FADH2 (riboflavin, B vitamin); 1 ATP molecule ...
Cell Respiration Exam - Data Analysis and Essay Markscheme
... H+ is pumped out across membrane; more H+ outside (from electron transport chain); concentration gradient of H+ is formed / potential energy; H+ movement across membrane through protein channels in ATP synthetase; ADP is phosphorylated / picks up phosphate to ATP; ATP has more energy than ADP; chemi ...
... H+ is pumped out across membrane; more H+ outside (from electron transport chain); concentration gradient of H+ is formed / potential energy; H+ movement across membrane through protein channels in ATP synthetase; ADP is phosphorylated / picks up phosphate to ATP; ATP has more energy than ADP; chemi ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... phosphorylations using 2 ATP Sugar cleavage occurs Oxidations (dehydrogenations) occur 2 ATP form. Aerobic or anaerobic respiration may ...
... phosphorylations using 2 ATP Sugar cleavage occurs Oxidations (dehydrogenations) occur 2 ATP form. Aerobic or anaerobic respiration may ...
Fe-S
... Eo’ = -0.32 ½ O2 + 2e- + 2H+ H2O Eo’ = 0.816 V Go‘= -nF(Eo'(O2) - Eo'(NADH)) Go‘= -nF(0.82 –(-0.32)) = -nF(1.14) = -2(96.5 kJ mol-1V-1)(1.136) = -220 kJ mol-1 ...
... Eo’ = -0.32 ½ O2 + 2e- + 2H+ H2O Eo’ = 0.816 V Go‘= -nF(Eo'(O2) - Eo'(NADH)) Go‘= -nF(0.82 –(-0.32)) = -nF(1.14) = -2(96.5 kJ mol-1V-1)(1.136) = -220 kJ mol-1 ...
respiratory chain
... 2. the flow of electrons from NADH+ to oxygen (oxidation) results in ATP synthesis by phosphorylation of ADP by inorganic phosphate, Pi (phosphorylation). Therefore, there is a coupling between oxidation and phosphorylation. Two theories explain the ATP synthesis, chemiosmotic hypothesis and membran ...
... 2. the flow of electrons from NADH+ to oxygen (oxidation) results in ATP synthesis by phosphorylation of ADP by inorganic phosphate, Pi (phosphorylation). Therefore, there is a coupling between oxidation and phosphorylation. Two theories explain the ATP synthesis, chemiosmotic hypothesis and membran ...
Photosynthesis
... released 2 molecules of ATP, mainly coenzymes are reduced. They transfer hydrogen protons and electrons onto inner mitochondria membrane. A outlet product is released carbon dioxide. - decarboxylation, dehydrogenation ...
... released 2 molecules of ATP, mainly coenzymes are reduced. They transfer hydrogen protons and electrons onto inner mitochondria membrane. A outlet product is released carbon dioxide. - decarboxylation, dehydrogenation ...
Oxidations – loss of electrons
... – Occurs when oxygen is not available – Organic molecule is the final electron acceptor ...
... – Occurs when oxygen is not available – Organic molecule is the final electron acceptor ...
SBI4U: Unit 2 Review, Metabolic Processes SAMPLE TEST
... 10. Sketch and label a diagram of a mitochondrion. Indicate where the stages of cellular respiration occur. 11. Describe the three reactions that occur in pyruvate oxidation. Where do these reactions take place? 12. Follow oxaloacetate around the Krebs Cycle and indicate where decarboxylation and ox ...
... 10. Sketch and label a diagram of a mitochondrion. Indicate where the stages of cellular respiration occur. 11. Describe the three reactions that occur in pyruvate oxidation. Where do these reactions take place? 12. Follow oxaloacetate around the Krebs Cycle and indicate where decarboxylation and ox ...
The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Acetyl-coenzyme A is oxidized to CO 2
... ion transport through membranes, giving an explanation for nerve cell ion transport as well as fundamental properties of all living cells. He later showed that the phosphate group that is ripped from ATP binds to the enzyme directly. This enzyme is capable of transporting sodium ions when phosphoryl ...
... ion transport through membranes, giving an explanation for nerve cell ion transport as well as fundamental properties of all living cells. He later showed that the phosphate group that is ripped from ATP binds to the enzyme directly. This enzyme is capable of transporting sodium ions when phosphoryl ...
Document
... The electrons are extracted from the cofactors by reoxidation and then join the electron-transport chain, in this process, protons are expelled from the mitochondrion. The free energy stored in the resulting pH gradient drives the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate) through oxida ...
... The electrons are extracted from the cofactors by reoxidation and then join the electron-transport chain, in this process, protons are expelled from the mitochondrion. The free energy stored in the resulting pH gradient drives the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate) through oxida ...
Principles of Energy Harvest Redox reactions Oxidizing agent in
... Sequence of reactions that prevents energy release in 1 explosive step Electron route: food---> NADH ---> electron transport chain ---> oxygen ...
... Sequence of reactions that prevents energy release in 1 explosive step Electron route: food---> NADH ---> electron transport chain ---> oxygen ...
Topics
... Electron transport • NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the electron carriers • NADH generates 3 ATP, FADH2 = 2 ATP • Membrane bound carriers transfer electrons (redox reactions) • The final electron acceptor completes the terminal step (ex. Oxygen) • Chemiosmosis • Proton motive force (PMF) ...
... Electron transport • NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the electron carriers • NADH generates 3 ATP, FADH2 = 2 ATP • Membrane bound carriers transfer electrons (redox reactions) • The final electron acceptor completes the terminal step (ex. Oxygen) • Chemiosmosis • Proton motive force (PMF) ...
Electron Transport
... Electrons move along membrane from one protein to another. This release of electrons also causes NADH and FADH2 to lose a proton (H+) These protons are pumped into intermembrane space from the mitochondrial matrix ...
... Electrons move along membrane from one protein to another. This release of electrons also causes NADH and FADH2 to lose a proton (H+) These protons are pumped into intermembrane space from the mitochondrial matrix ...
Ch. 9 – Cellular Respiration Why does the energy stored in different
... the enzymes structure and perform the process of chemiosmosis (ADP + P ATP) producing the large majority of the cellular energy of CR (32-34 ATP). 8. How do some organisms produce energy when oxygen is not available? What is this process called? Some organisms, including humans, will use a process ...
... the enzymes structure and perform the process of chemiosmosis (ADP + P ATP) producing the large majority of the cellular energy of CR (32-34 ATP). 8. How do some organisms produce energy when oxygen is not available? What is this process called? Some organisms, including humans, will use a process ...
Matthew Mekari
... How do heterotrophs extract energy from macromolecules? A. Large molecules must undergo digestion, splitting into smaller units- proteins to amino acids, polysaccharides to glucose and other simple sugars, and fats to fatty acids and glycerol. B. In animals and fungi, most digestion takes place outs ...
... How do heterotrophs extract energy from macromolecules? A. Large molecules must undergo digestion, splitting into smaller units- proteins to amino acids, polysaccharides to glucose and other simple sugars, and fats to fatty acids and glycerol. B. In animals and fungi, most digestion takes place outs ...
Friday`s presentation.
... energy stored in the concentration gradient of H+ ions (i.e., protons) across the inner membrane, which is relatively impermeable to H+. b. The H+ ions tend to move down their concentration gradient toward the matrix of the mitochondrion. Movement through the ATP synthase is used to generate the ATP ...
... energy stored in the concentration gradient of H+ ions (i.e., protons) across the inner membrane, which is relatively impermeable to H+. b. The H+ ions tend to move down their concentration gradient toward the matrix of the mitochondrion. Movement through the ATP synthase is used to generate the ATP ...
Slide 1
... energy stored in the concentration gradient of H+ ions (i.e., protons) across the inner membrane, which is relatively impermeable to H+. b. The H+ ions tend to move down their concentration gradient toward the matrix of the mitochondrion. Movement through the ATP synthase is used to generate the ATP ...
... energy stored in the concentration gradient of H+ ions (i.e., protons) across the inner membrane, which is relatively impermeable to H+. b. The H+ ions tend to move down their concentration gradient toward the matrix of the mitochondrion. Movement through the ATP synthase is used to generate the ATP ...
EXAM III KEY - the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center
... (a.) The purpose of the glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase shuttle is to pass electrons from cytosolic NADH (produced by glycolysis) into the mitochondrial electron transport system. This is done via FAD to FADH2 and from FADH2 to Q. (b.) Since the electrons enter at Q and into complex III, by-passing ...
... (a.) The purpose of the glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase shuttle is to pass electrons from cytosolic NADH (produced by glycolysis) into the mitochondrial electron transport system. This is done via FAD to FADH2 and from FADH2 to Q. (b.) Since the electrons enter at Q and into complex III, by-passing ...
Chapter 9 / Energy-Releasing Pathways and Biosynthesis I
... X. The Versatility of Catabolism Use of nutrients other than carbohydrates in aerobic respiration can catabolize proteins and neutral fats --enter at different points along pathways XI. Aspects of Biosynthesis--Anabolism A. The body uses small molecules to build other substances B. These small molec ...
... X. The Versatility of Catabolism Use of nutrients other than carbohydrates in aerobic respiration can catabolize proteins and neutral fats --enter at different points along pathways XI. Aspects of Biosynthesis--Anabolism A. The body uses small molecules to build other substances B. These small molec ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
... • Oxidative Phosphorylation: electron transport chain and chemiosmosis • e- trasport chain embedded in INNER mito ...
... • Oxidative Phosphorylation: electron transport chain and chemiosmosis • e- trasport chain embedded in INNER mito ...
Medical Microbiology Lecture 5 Third class/ Dentistry College The
... Glycolysis : is located in the cytoplasmic matrix of procaryotes and eucaryotes. The pathway as a whole may be divided into two parts In the initial six-carbon stage, glucose is phosphorylated twice and eventually converted to fructose 1,6- bisphosphate. This preliminary stage does not yield energy; ...
... Glycolysis : is located in the cytoplasmic matrix of procaryotes and eucaryotes. The pathway as a whole may be divided into two parts In the initial six-carbon stage, glucose is phosphorylated twice and eventually converted to fructose 1,6- bisphosphate. This preliminary stage does not yield energy; ...
Biology 123 SI-Dr. Raut`s Class Session 10
... 1. How does the pyruvate that gets produced by glycolysis get to the citric acid cycle? What is this step called? Draw it out. First of all, pyruvate is in the cytoplasm and needs to be moved into the mitochondria. Since pyruvate has a negative charge, the mitochondria’s membrane does not want to le ...
... 1. How does the pyruvate that gets produced by glycolysis get to the citric acid cycle? What is this step called? Draw it out. First of all, pyruvate is in the cytoplasm and needs to be moved into the mitochondria. Since pyruvate has a negative charge, the mitochondria’s membrane does not want to le ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.