Scanning Electron Microscopy / Electron Probe X
... electron of the sample. This excited electron then leaves the sample with a very small kinetic energy. Due to this low energy, only SE’s that are created near the surface can exit the sample and can be detected. Any variation in topography of the surface will change the yield of SE’s. This yield dep ...
... electron of the sample. This excited electron then leaves the sample with a very small kinetic energy. Due to this low energy, only SE’s that are created near the surface can exit the sample and can be detected. Any variation in topography of the surface will change the yield of SE’s. This yield dep ...
Chapter 7 Notes
... atom in the center. This “antennae” region is sensitive to light. 4. Leaf = main photosynthetic organ of the plant a. stomata = openings through which gases diffuse (CO2, O2, H2O) b. veins (xylem and phloem) conduct sugars (phloem) from the leaves and ...
... atom in the center. This “antennae” region is sensitive to light. 4. Leaf = main photosynthetic organ of the plant a. stomata = openings through which gases diffuse (CO2, O2, H2O) b. veins (xylem and phloem) conduct sugars (phloem) from the leaves and ...
Microbial Metabolism
... • Reducing power (NADH and FADH2) is used to generate a proton gradient (proton motive force) • NADH - FADH2 are oxidized – electron transport carrier proteins are reduced and in the process H+ are moved across the plasma membrane (prokaryotes) or inner mitochondrial membrane (eukaryotes). This resu ...
... • Reducing power (NADH and FADH2) is used to generate a proton gradient (proton motive force) • NADH - FADH2 are oxidized – electron transport carrier proteins are reduced and in the process H+ are moved across the plasma membrane (prokaryotes) or inner mitochondrial membrane (eukaryotes). This resu ...
INTRODUCTION TO CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... – At this point, the acetyl group associates with a fourcarbon molecule forming a six-carbon molecule – The six-carbon molecule then passes through a series of redox reactions that regenerate the four-carbon molecule (thus the “cycle” designation) ...
... – At this point, the acetyl group associates with a fourcarbon molecule forming a six-carbon molecule – The six-carbon molecule then passes through a series of redox reactions that regenerate the four-carbon molecule (thus the “cycle” designation) ...
AP Biology Notes Outline Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration Cellular R
... The ETC converts the chemical energy to a form used to drive oxidative phosphorylation. Cycle generates 1 ATP per turn by substrate phosphorylation…but most of the chemical energy is transferred during the redox reactions to NAD+ and FAD. The reduced coenzymes, NADH and FADH2, shuttle their cargo of ...
... The ETC converts the chemical energy to a form used to drive oxidative phosphorylation. Cycle generates 1 ATP per turn by substrate phosphorylation…but most of the chemical energy is transferred during the redox reactions to NAD+ and FAD. The reduced coenzymes, NADH and FADH2, shuttle their cargo of ...
Cellular respiration - how cells make energy
... - multi carbon compound looses electrons (as two hydrogens). - NAD+ gets the electrons and becomes NADH. It also picks up a hydrogen atom in the process. - another hydrogen atom (ion) is put into the solution surrounding the membrane. - NADH will use its new found energy in an electron transport cha ...
... - multi carbon compound looses electrons (as two hydrogens). - NAD+ gets the electrons and becomes NADH. It also picks up a hydrogen atom in the process. - another hydrogen atom (ion) is put into the solution surrounding the membrane. - NADH will use its new found energy in an electron transport cha ...
L10v02b_-_citric_acid_cycle.stamped_doc
... NADH and FADH2 both function as electron carriers. NADH has higher energy electrons. [00:01:53.74] There's not enough energy being produced between steps five and six to produce another molecule of NADH. And rather than throwing that energy away, cells are able to save that energy in the form of a l ...
... NADH and FADH2 both function as electron carriers. NADH has higher energy electrons. [00:01:53.74] There's not enough energy being produced between steps five and six to produce another molecule of NADH. And rather than throwing that energy away, cells are able to save that energy in the form of a l ...
SBI 4UI Test – Metabolic Processes: Cell Respiration
... F4. The total chemical potential energy in the reactants of photosynthesis is less than the total chemical potential energy in the products of photosynthesis. T5. An overall goal of cellular respiration is to move hydrogen atom electrons from glucose to oxygen to form water. T6. In C4 plants, the ca ...
... F4. The total chemical potential energy in the reactants of photosynthesis is less than the total chemical potential energy in the products of photosynthesis. T5. An overall goal of cellular respiration is to move hydrogen atom electrons from glucose to oxygen to form water. T6. In C4 plants, the ca ...
2 ATP`s - Madeira City Schools
... Oxygen are proteins called Cytochromes (cyt). a. Their prosthetic group is a heme group. b. It transfers electrons, not oxygen. ...
... Oxygen are proteins called Cytochromes (cyt). a. Their prosthetic group is a heme group. b. It transfers electrons, not oxygen. ...
Harvesting energy (Chapter 7)
... Oxidation of pyruvate • Acetyl-CoA has a central role in metabolism • Not only are sugars broken down to acetyl-CoA, but fats are also broken down to it. In addition, some amino acids in proteins also get broken down into acetyl-CoA ...
... Oxidation of pyruvate • Acetyl-CoA has a central role in metabolism • Not only are sugars broken down to acetyl-CoA, but fats are also broken down to it. In addition, some amino acids in proteins also get broken down into acetyl-CoA ...
Cellular Respiration - Liberty Union High School District
... respiration will happen Aerobic Respiration: series of reactions that happen in the presence of oxygen, in a mitochondria, and produce LOTS of ATP Happens in 2 parts: Krebs cycle (aka: Citric Acid Cycle) Electron Transport Chain (ETC) ...
... respiration will happen Aerobic Respiration: series of reactions that happen in the presence of oxygen, in a mitochondria, and produce LOTS of ATP Happens in 2 parts: Krebs cycle (aka: Citric Acid Cycle) Electron Transport Chain (ETC) ...
Updated Power Point
... By using energy from the environment or external sources (e.g. food, light). ...
... By using energy from the environment or external sources (e.g. food, light). ...
lec27_2013 - Andrew.cmu.edu
... i) the substrate is used to name the enzyme, Keep in mind that many enzymatic reactions run in both directions in metabolism, consequently the “product” may be used to name the enzyme. ii) the nature of the chemical reaction. iii) most names end in “-ase” Enzymes Involved in Group Transfer Reactions ...
... i) the substrate is used to name the enzyme, Keep in mind that many enzymatic reactions run in both directions in metabolism, consequently the “product” may be used to name the enzyme. ii) the nature of the chemical reaction. iii) most names end in “-ase” Enzymes Involved in Group Transfer Reactions ...
Where It Starts: Photosynthesis
... Krebs Cycle Each turn of the Krebs cycle, one acetyl-CoA is converted to two molecules of CO2 After two cycles • Two pyruvates are dismantled • Glucose molecule that entered glycolysis is fully broken down ...
... Krebs Cycle Each turn of the Krebs cycle, one acetyl-CoA is converted to two molecules of CO2 After two cycles • Two pyruvates are dismantled • Glucose molecule that entered glycolysis is fully broken down ...
Cell Respiration Basics
... • Glycolysis (sometimes listed separately from cell respiration because it happens outside the mitochondrion.) ...
... • Glycolysis (sometimes listed separately from cell respiration because it happens outside the mitochondrion.) ...
SOME Important Points About Cellular Energetics by Dr. Ty C.M.
... chain) into the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion diffuse back through the inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix. The only places in the membrane at which the protons are allowed back through ...
... chain) into the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion diffuse back through the inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix. The only places in the membrane at which the protons are allowed back through ...
Name: #: Cellular Respiration Review 2 Process Where does it
... 6. Write the complete overall chemical equation for cellular respiration using chemical symbols instead of words: 6O2 + C6H12O6 6H2O + 6CO2 + 36ATP 7. Why do we say there is a ‘net’ gain of 2 ATP at the end of glycolysis? Glycolysis produces 4ATP but since it needs 2 ATP to start, the cell only in ...
... 6. Write the complete overall chemical equation for cellular respiration using chemical symbols instead of words: 6O2 + C6H12O6 6H2O + 6CO2 + 36ATP 7. Why do we say there is a ‘net’ gain of 2 ATP at the end of glycolysis? Glycolysis produces 4ATP but since it needs 2 ATP to start, the cell only in ...
The mitochondrial respiratory chain
... with a range of nuclear-encoded factors, they provide the mitochondria with its own replication, translation and transcription system. This is governed by a different genetic code from that of the nucleus and retains many features that are more akin to bacterial systems. The other 13 mtDNA genes enc ...
... with a range of nuclear-encoded factors, they provide the mitochondria with its own replication, translation and transcription system. This is governed by a different genetic code from that of the nucleus and retains many features that are more akin to bacterial systems. The other 13 mtDNA genes enc ...
H + - WordPress.com
... (negative in the matrix) across the inner membrane constitute the protonmotive force that can be used to drive ATP synthesis and transport processes. ...
... (negative in the matrix) across the inner membrane constitute the protonmotive force that can be used to drive ATP synthesis and transport processes. ...
Photosynthesis and Respiration 1. What are the three parts of an
... To produce chemical energy (sugar) from light energy ...
... To produce chemical energy (sugar) from light energy ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.