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... Fats: Excess fats stored in adipose tissue are digested into glycerol (which enters glycolysis) and fatty acids (which enter the Krebs cycle). Proteins and lipids can form many ATP but waste products are toxic ...
... Fats: Excess fats stored in adipose tissue are digested into glycerol (which enters glycolysis) and fatty acids (which enter the Krebs cycle). Proteins and lipids can form many ATP but waste products are toxic ...
Exam I Sample Questions
... Sufficient energy must be added to break hydrogen bonding between neighboring water molecules before its state can change from liquid to gas Sufficient energy must be added to redistribute electrons from the oxygen molecule to the hydrogen molecules of the water molecules before its state can change ...
... Sufficient energy must be added to break hydrogen bonding between neighboring water molecules before its state can change from liquid to gas Sufficient energy must be added to redistribute electrons from the oxygen molecule to the hydrogen molecules of the water molecules before its state can change ...
4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration I. Respiration
... C. The electron transport chain is the second main part of cellular respiration. 1. The electron transport chain uses NADH and FADH2 to make ATP. a. high-energy electrons enter electron transport chain b. energy is used to transport hydrogen ions across the inner membrane c. hydrogen ions flow throu ...
... C. The electron transport chain is the second main part of cellular respiration. 1. The electron transport chain uses NADH and FADH2 to make ATP. a. high-energy electrons enter electron transport chain b. energy is used to transport hydrogen ions across the inner membrane c. hydrogen ions flow throu ...
UNIT 3 – CELLULAR ENERGETICS Chapter 9
... Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what molecules are produced, and how this process links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle. List the products of the citric acid cycle. Explain why it is called a cycle. Describe the point at which glucose is completely oxidized during cellular res ...
... Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what molecules are produced, and how this process links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle. List the products of the citric acid cycle. Explain why it is called a cycle. Describe the point at which glucose is completely oxidized during cellular res ...
Honors Cellular Respiration
... What is Cellular Respiration? The release of chemical energy for use by cells. Once the energy that was in sunlight is changed into chemical energy by photosynthesis, an organism has to transform the chemical energy into a a form that can be used by the organism. This process is cellular respiratio ...
... What is Cellular Respiration? The release of chemical energy for use by cells. Once the energy that was in sunlight is changed into chemical energy by photosynthesis, an organism has to transform the chemical energy into a a form that can be used by the organism. This process is cellular respiratio ...
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... Concept 9.3 The citric acid cycle completes the energy-yielding oxidation of organic molecules 18. To enter the citric acid cycle, pyruvate must enter the mitochondria by active transport. Three things are necessary to convert pyruvate to acetyl CoA. Complete the missing parts of the chart below and ...
... Concept 9.3 The citric acid cycle completes the energy-yielding oxidation of organic molecules 18. To enter the citric acid cycle, pyruvate must enter the mitochondria by active transport. Three things are necessary to convert pyruvate to acetyl CoA. Complete the missing parts of the chart below and ...
Photosynthesis (briefly) and Cellular Respiration (aerobic
... Electrons passed down ETC to O2 which accepts electrons & 4H+ to become 2 H2O (decreases H+ inside) ...
... Electrons passed down ETC to O2 which accepts electrons & 4H+ to become 2 H2O (decreases H+ inside) ...
Cellular Energy
... The Krebs cycle happens in the matrix (fluid) of the mitochondria. The ETC happens in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. The inner membrane is highly folded. It is called the cristae. The cristae allow ...
... The Krebs cycle happens in the matrix (fluid) of the mitochondria. The ETC happens in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. The inner membrane is highly folded. It is called the cristae. The cristae allow ...
Document
... 10. Know the sources of carbon and nitrogen for amino acid biosynthesis. How are amino groups transferred to acids to make amino acids? 11. Understand the role of folic acid in nucleotide biosynthesis. 12. How does sulfanilamide inhibit the growth of microorganisms? 13. Humans do not make their own ...
... 10. Know the sources of carbon and nitrogen for amino acid biosynthesis. How are amino groups transferred to acids to make amino acids? 11. Understand the role of folic acid in nucleotide biosynthesis. 12. How does sulfanilamide inhibit the growth of microorganisms? 13. Humans do not make their own ...
Name Date Period Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting
... 3. What is the summary equation for cellular respiration and what is the free energy change in this process? ...
... 3. What is the summary equation for cellular respiration and what is the free energy change in this process? ...
Class22 2-9 Win17 Respiration Regulation and
... transformed into the ‘sticky’ 2-carbon Acetyl-CoA – Krebs Cycle: Acetyl-CoA feeds the Krebs cycle, which uses the oxidation of carbohydrates to form reducing power (as NADH, FADH2) – Electron Transport Chain: High-energy electrons are driven through membrane proteins that pump protons to produce a ...
... transformed into the ‘sticky’ 2-carbon Acetyl-CoA – Krebs Cycle: Acetyl-CoA feeds the Krebs cycle, which uses the oxidation of carbohydrates to form reducing power (as NADH, FADH2) – Electron Transport Chain: High-energy electrons are driven through membrane proteins that pump protons to produce a ...
The Point is to Make ATP!
... only channel permeable to H+ H+ flow down concentration gradient = provides energy for ATP synthesis molecular power generator! flow like water over water wheel flowing H+ cause change in shape of ATP synthase enzyme powers bonding of Pi to ADP ...
... only channel permeable to H+ H+ flow down concentration gradient = provides energy for ATP synthesis molecular power generator! flow like water over water wheel flowing H+ cause change in shape of ATP synthase enzyme powers bonding of Pi to ADP ...
The Point is to Make ATP!
... only channel permeable to H+ H+ flow down concentration gradient = provides energy for ATP synthesis molecular power generator! flow like water over water wheel flowing H+ cause change in shape of ATP synthase enzyme powers bonding of Pi to ADP ...
... only channel permeable to H+ H+ flow down concentration gradient = provides energy for ATP synthesis molecular power generator! flow like water over water wheel flowing H+ cause change in shape of ATP synthase enzyme powers bonding of Pi to ADP ...
The Point is to Make ATP!
... only channel permeable to H+ H+ flow down concentration gradient = provides energy for ATP synthesis molecular power generator! flow like water over water wheel flowing H+ cause change in shape of ATP synthase enzyme powers bonding of Pi to ADP ...
... only channel permeable to H+ H+ flow down concentration gradient = provides energy for ATP synthesis molecular power generator! flow like water over water wheel flowing H+ cause change in shape of ATP synthase enzyme powers bonding of Pi to ADP ...
Bio150 Chapter 7
... H+ gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane -the H+ gradient is used as an energy source by the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation to synthesize the remaining 34 molecules of ATP ...
... H+ gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane -the H+ gradient is used as an energy source by the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation to synthesize the remaining 34 molecules of ATP ...
21.8 The Citric Acid Cycle
... ATP Production • At the conclusion of the citric acid cycle, the reduced coenzymes formed in the cycle are ready to donate their energy to making additional ATP • Hydrogen and electrons from NADH and FADH2 enter the electron-transport chain at enzyme complexes I and II, respectively. • The enzyme fo ...
... ATP Production • At the conclusion of the citric acid cycle, the reduced coenzymes formed in the cycle are ready to donate their energy to making additional ATP • Hydrogen and electrons from NADH and FADH2 enter the electron-transport chain at enzyme complexes I and II, respectively. • The enzyme fo ...
21.8 The Citric Acid Cycle
... transport– ATP synthesis reactions. • In these and other oxygen-consuming redox reactions, the product may not be water, but one or more of three highly reactive species. • The superoxide ion, ·O2- , and the hydroxyl free radical, ·OH, can grab an electron from a bond in another molecule, which resu ...
... transport– ATP synthesis reactions. • In these and other oxygen-consuming redox reactions, the product may not be water, but one or more of three highly reactive species. • The superoxide ion, ·O2- , and the hydroxyl free radical, ·OH, can grab an electron from a bond in another molecule, which resu ...
Cell Respiration PP
... • Electrons are from NADH and FADH2 are transported through a series of proteins found in the folds of the cristae (electron transport chain). • H+ are pumped into and build up in the intermembrane space and will eventually flow across ATP synthase to generate ATP. • Oxygen is the “final electron ac ...
... • Electrons are from NADH and FADH2 are transported through a series of proteins found in the folds of the cristae (electron transport chain). • H+ are pumped into and build up in the intermembrane space and will eventually flow across ATP synthase to generate ATP. • Oxygen is the “final electron ac ...
ETC Details
... • How cells take molecules from food and turn them into molecules for growth and repair • Aka Metabolic Pool • Intermediaries of all cycles can be removed and used to build molecules! • Ex. pyruvate glucose • Acetyl CoA fatty acids ...
... • How cells take molecules from food and turn them into molecules for growth and repair • Aka Metabolic Pool • Intermediaries of all cycles can be removed and used to build molecules! • Ex. pyruvate glucose • Acetyl CoA fatty acids ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... Used by yeast, bacteria, and other cells when oxygen is not available. Final electron acceptor: Organic molecule. Very inefficient: Only 2% of glucose energy is converted into ATP. Products depend on type of fermentation: Lactic acid fermentation: Used to make cheese and yogurt. Carried out ...
... Used by yeast, bacteria, and other cells when oxygen is not available. Final electron acceptor: Organic molecule. Very inefficient: Only 2% of glucose energy is converted into ATP. Products depend on type of fermentation: Lactic acid fermentation: Used to make cheese and yogurt. Carried out ...
Comparison With Photosynthesis
... of four ATPs minus the two (or one) required to form fructose-1,6-bisphosphate leaves a net yield of either two or three ATPs for each hexose used in glycolysis (if the PPiPFK route is used, then three ATPs are ...
... of four ATPs minus the two (or one) required to form fructose-1,6-bisphosphate leaves a net yield of either two or three ATPs for each hexose used in glycolysis (if the PPiPFK route is used, then three ATPs are ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.