Sum total of all chemical reactions that occur within an
... Acetyl is removed from Acetyl CoA and attached to oxaloacetate to form citrate or citric acid Series of steps releases 2CO2, 1ATP, 3NADH, and 1 FADH2 Oxaloacetate is regenerated to start the ...
... Acetyl is removed from Acetyl CoA and attached to oxaloacetate to form citrate or citric acid Series of steps releases 2CO2, 1ATP, 3NADH, and 1 FADH2 Oxaloacetate is regenerated to start the ...
Cell Respiration
... As they are passed along the chain, the energy carried by these electrons is transformed in the mitochondrion into a form that can be used to synthesize ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. ...
... As they are passed along the chain, the energy carried by these electrons is transformed in the mitochondrion into a form that can be used to synthesize ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. ...
Chapter Three - people.iup.edu
... energy: in other words as an electron donor. • Anaerobic respiration: process in which electrons ...
... energy: in other words as an electron donor. • Anaerobic respiration: process in which electrons ...
Chapter 8 Microbial Metabolism
... Electron Carrier Oxidixed Form Electron Carrier Reduced Form NAD+ NADH FAD FADH2 This reducing power is used to drive the electron transport system which in turn will create the proton motive force. Electrons from glucose are transferred to electron carriers and ultimately will combine with a termin ...
... Electron Carrier Oxidixed Form Electron Carrier Reduced Form NAD+ NADH FAD FADH2 This reducing power is used to drive the electron transport system which in turn will create the proton motive force. Electrons from glucose are transferred to electron carriers and ultimately will combine with a termin ...
Cell Organisation
... • Selectively permeable • Inner membranes have similar structure • Proteins: integral vs peripheral • Modifications • Anchors ...
... • Selectively permeable • Inner membranes have similar structure • Proteins: integral vs peripheral • Modifications • Anchors ...
2401_Ch2.pdf
... Oxidation – the process of loosing an electron Reduction – the process of gaining an electron The transfer of electrons can be complete - ionic bonds Transfer can be incomplete (sharing)– covalent bonds This process is usually a partnership with one atom donating and one accepting – termed Oxidation ...
... Oxidation – the process of loosing an electron Reduction – the process of gaining an electron The transfer of electrons can be complete - ionic bonds Transfer can be incomplete (sharing)– covalent bonds This process is usually a partnership with one atom donating and one accepting – termed Oxidation ...
Cellular Respiration
... – Some cells in multicellular organisms can switch to anaerobic respiration, but only for a short time. ...
... – Some cells in multicellular organisms can switch to anaerobic respiration, but only for a short time. ...
second exam2
... the maximum possible membrane potential that could be generated by NADH oxidation by oxygen and the maximum amount of ATP that could be generated from this process. ALL WORK MUST BE SHOWN FOR ANY CREDIT. a) 5 points. Consider the oxidation of NADH by oxygen (this is the reaction run in your body to ...
... the maximum possible membrane potential that could be generated by NADH oxidation by oxygen and the maximum amount of ATP that could be generated from this process. ALL WORK MUST BE SHOWN FOR ANY CREDIT. a) 5 points. Consider the oxidation of NADH by oxygen (this is the reaction run in your body to ...
Cell Respiration - Glycolysis PPT
... 2.F.1 Glycolysis rearranges the bonds in glucose molecules, releasing free energy to form ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate, and resulting in the production of pyruvate. ...
... 2.F.1 Glycolysis rearranges the bonds in glucose molecules, releasing free energy to form ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate, and resulting in the production of pyruvate. ...
Document
... of legumes (peas, alfalfa, soybeans. . .) have enzymes to change N2 gas into ammonia in soil. Other soil bacteria can change ammonia into nitrates/nitrites. 2. How do humans get the nitrogen they need? Plants can take up these forms of nitrogen and use it to make their molecules (see below). Heterot ...
... of legumes (peas, alfalfa, soybeans. . .) have enzymes to change N2 gas into ammonia in soil. Other soil bacteria can change ammonia into nitrates/nitrites. 2. How do humans get the nitrogen they need? Plants can take up these forms of nitrogen and use it to make their molecules (see below). Heterot ...
UNIT 3 CELLULAR RESPIRATION PROBLEM SETS SPRING 2007
... energy when electrons move ____________ to more ___________________ atoms. 4B) Select the correct word choice that completes the sentence. i) Oxidation often involves (gain or loss) of oxygen and (gain or loss) of hydrogen. ii) Reduction often involves (gain or loss) of oxygen and (gain or loss) of ...
... energy when electrons move ____________ to more ___________________ atoms. 4B) Select the correct word choice that completes the sentence. i) Oxidation often involves (gain or loss) of oxygen and (gain or loss) of hydrogen. ii) Reduction often involves (gain or loss) of oxygen and (gain or loss) of ...
metabole
... Note: ATP is a ribonucleotide, it has ribose, a nitogenous base (adenine), and phosphate. The high energy bond of the terminal of the three phosphates is the one cyclically broken and regenerated. Sugars like glucose can be broken down in a catabolic pathway controlled by many cellular enzymes. Some ...
... Note: ATP is a ribonucleotide, it has ribose, a nitogenous base (adenine), and phosphate. The high energy bond of the terminal of the three phosphates is the one cyclically broken and regenerated. Sugars like glucose can be broken down in a catabolic pathway controlled by many cellular enzymes. Some ...
4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration
... – citric acid is broken down, carbon dioxide is released, and NADH is made – five-carbon molecule is broken down, carbon dioxide is released, NADH and ATP are made – four-carbon molecule is rearranged ...
... – citric acid is broken down, carbon dioxide is released, and NADH is made – five-carbon molecule is broken down, carbon dioxide is released, NADH and ATP are made – four-carbon molecule is rearranged ...
Overview
... Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism 1. Explain the role of catabolic and anabolic pathways in cellular metabolism. 2. Distinguish between potential and kinetic energy. 3. Explain the first and second laws of thermodynamics. 4. Write and define each component of the equation for change in free e ...
... Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism 1. Explain the role of catabolic and anabolic pathways in cellular metabolism. 2. Distinguish between potential and kinetic energy. 3. Explain the first and second laws of thermodynamics. 4. Write and define each component of the equation for change in free e ...
chapter 9 cellular respiration: harvesting chemical
... In summary, during cellular respiration, most electrons travel the following “downhill” route: food NADH electron transport chain oxygen. These are the stages of cellular respiration: a preview. Respiration occurs in three metabolic stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the elect ...
... In summary, during cellular respiration, most electrons travel the following “downhill” route: food NADH electron transport chain oxygen. These are the stages of cellular respiration: a preview. Respiration occurs in three metabolic stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the elect ...
lecture CH23 chem131pikul
... •The electron transport chain provides the energy to pump H+ ions across the inner membrane of the mitochondria. •The concentration of H+ ions in the inter membrane space becomes higher than that inside the matrix creating a potential energy gradient. •To return to the matrix, H+ ions travel through ...
... •The electron transport chain provides the energy to pump H+ ions across the inner membrane of the mitochondria. •The concentration of H+ ions in the inter membrane space becomes higher than that inside the matrix creating a potential energy gradient. •To return to the matrix, H+ ions travel through ...
Chapter 9 - Cellular Respiration
... • NADH and FADH2 molecules donate their hydrogen ions and electrons at protein sites. • Electrons travel through ETC. • Hydrogen ions and electrons bond with oxygen to form water. ...
... • NADH and FADH2 molecules donate their hydrogen ions and electrons at protein sites. • Electrons travel through ETC. • Hydrogen ions and electrons bond with oxygen to form water. ...
Chapter 5 : MAJOR METABOLIC PATHWAYS
... oxidation of NADH and FADH2 by the four protein complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC). The ten NADH that enter the electron transport originate from each of the earlier processes of respiration: two from glycolysis, two from the transformation of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, and six from the ...
... oxidation of NADH and FADH2 by the four protein complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC). The ten NADH that enter the electron transport originate from each of the earlier processes of respiration: two from glycolysis, two from the transformation of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, and six from the ...
Chem*3560 Lecture 28: Active Transport
... transport term + ATP hydrolysis bonds + ATP hydrolysis concentrations Transport can make [S]dest >> [S]source up to the point where the positive contribution to ∆G from transport is just less than the negative contribution from ATP hydrolysis. One advantage of ∆G is that all terms are simply additiv ...
... transport term + ATP hydrolysis bonds + ATP hydrolysis concentrations Transport can make [S]dest >> [S]source up to the point where the positive contribution to ∆G from transport is just less than the negative contribution from ATP hydrolysis. One advantage of ∆G is that all terms are simply additiv ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.