Biochemical Systems Handout All living cells need energy to
... carbohydrates, fats and proteins. When the previous substances are broken down at molecular level, bonds breaking and forming between the atoms in the molecules release or require energy. The biochemical reactions, which take place in cells when a fuel substance such as carbohydrate (e.g. glucose or ...
... carbohydrates, fats and proteins. When the previous substances are broken down at molecular level, bonds breaking and forming between the atoms in the molecules release or require energy. The biochemical reactions, which take place in cells when a fuel substance such as carbohydrate (e.g. glucose or ...
Midterm Exam Note: Before beginning, please scan the entire exam
... For the following questions, use the lettered answers to match the structure to its proper cell type. Choose the most inclusive category. Each answer may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. B. C. D. E. ...
... For the following questions, use the lettered answers to match the structure to its proper cell type. Choose the most inclusive category. Each answer may be used once, more than once, or not at all. A. B. C. D. E. ...
Camp 1
... Carried out by four closely related multisubunit membrane-bound complexes and two electron carriers, coenzyme Q and cytochrome c. • In a series of oxidation-reduction reactions, electrons from FADH2 and NADH are transferred from one complex to the next until they reach O2. • O2 is reduced to H2O. ...
... Carried out by four closely related multisubunit membrane-bound complexes and two electron carriers, coenzyme Q and cytochrome c. • In a series of oxidation-reduction reactions, electrons from FADH2 and NADH are transferred from one complex to the next until they reach O2. • O2 is reduced to H2O. ...
energy
... Energy generation and glycolysis I. Oxidation of the energy source II. Reduction of NAD+ III. Making ATP through substrate level phosphorylation IV. Glycolysis V. Reoxidation of NADH ...
... Energy generation and glycolysis I. Oxidation of the energy source II. Reduction of NAD+ III. Making ATP through substrate level phosphorylation IV. Glycolysis V. Reoxidation of NADH ...
REVIEW FOR FINALS TT^TT (TEEHEE)x
... electrons are transported across a membranes to pump hydrogen ions across into the intermembrane compartment Intermembrane area- between outer membrane and inner membrane, part of the electron transport system Chemiosmosis- where hydrogen ions move down their concentration gradient to create ATP thr ...
... electrons are transported across a membranes to pump hydrogen ions across into the intermembrane compartment Intermembrane area- between outer membrane and inner membrane, part of the electron transport system Chemiosmosis- where hydrogen ions move down their concentration gradient to create ATP thr ...
Cellular Metabolism
... The entire process of synthesizing ATP in the electron transport system is called oxidative phosphorylation. The ATP is produced by chemiosmosis. 2. Chemiosmotic Theory of ATP Production – Chemi – chemical forces, Osmosis – pushing forces The chemiosmotic theory of ATP production is based on the fac ...
... The entire process of synthesizing ATP in the electron transport system is called oxidative phosphorylation. The ATP is produced by chemiosmosis. 2. Chemiosmotic Theory of ATP Production – Chemi – chemical forces, Osmosis – pushing forces The chemiosmotic theory of ATP production is based on the fac ...
The Hunt for Red October - HFRO
... glucose is oxidized to pyruvate in the absence of oxygen. The energy released in this process is used to generate ATP directly by substrate level phosphorylation, in which phosphate groups are transferred directly from organic substrates to ADP. To obtain energy from glucose, hydrogen atoms are remo ...
... glucose is oxidized to pyruvate in the absence of oxygen. The energy released in this process is used to generate ATP directly by substrate level phosphorylation, in which phosphate groups are transferred directly from organic substrates to ADP. To obtain energy from glucose, hydrogen atoms are remo ...
University of Groningen The influence of peptide structure on
... expressions have been proposed. The LDA approximation gives acceptable results for simple metals, but not for complex molecules in which electron densities are not uniform. A better approximation is the generalized gradient approximation, in which the local density is supplemented by its generalized ...
... expressions have been proposed. The LDA approximation gives acceptable results for simple metals, but not for complex molecules in which electron densities are not uniform. A better approximation is the generalized gradient approximation, in which the local density is supplemented by its generalized ...
BIO 315 Exam I (F2014)
... 2) Use the word bank to fill in the blanks in the description of life span extending effects. (7 pt) Destructive superoxide free radicals are an unwanted by-product of aerobic metabolism. They result from the escape of singlet electrons from the Electron Transport Chain of mitochondria during oxidat ...
... 2) Use the word bank to fill in the blanks in the description of life span extending effects. (7 pt) Destructive superoxide free radicals are an unwanted by-product of aerobic metabolism. They result from the escape of singlet electrons from the Electron Transport Chain of mitochondria during oxidat ...
HRW BIO CRF Ch 05_p01-56
... a. when light strikes a thylakoid. b. when water molecules are broken down. c. during light-independent reactions. d. during the Calvin cycle. Complete each statement by writing the correct term or phrase in the space provided. ...
... a. when light strikes a thylakoid. b. when water molecules are broken down. c. during light-independent reactions. d. during the Calvin cycle. Complete each statement by writing the correct term or phrase in the space provided. ...
Citric Acid Cycle (CAC) - LSU School of Medicine
... • Pyruvate (actually the acetyl group) from glycolysis is degraded to CO2 – The acetyl group is formed in stage II of metabolism from carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism ...
... • Pyruvate (actually the acetyl group) from glycolysis is degraded to CO2 – The acetyl group is formed in stage II of metabolism from carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism ...
Nuclear Chemistry
... The fourth step is the six-carbon sugar fructose-1,6-diphosphate is split into two threecarbon compounds, dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphae, catalyzed by the enzyme aldolase. ...
... The fourth step is the six-carbon sugar fructose-1,6-diphosphate is split into two threecarbon compounds, dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphae, catalyzed by the enzyme aldolase. ...
Respiration - Dr. Annette M. Parrott
... 1. Glyco lysis (sugar breaking) 2. Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) ...
... 1. Glyco lysis (sugar breaking) 2. Kreb’s Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) ...
Exam #3 Review Exam #3 will cover from glycolysis to complex
... phosphate pathway) as well as fermentation, the TCA and ETC (respiration). It also includes photosynthesis, the Central Dogma of Gene Transfer in prokaryotes (replication, transcription and translation), eukaryotic gene expression, and the regulation of gene expression (the lac operon). Note: On the ...
... phosphate pathway) as well as fermentation, the TCA and ETC (respiration). It also includes photosynthesis, the Central Dogma of Gene Transfer in prokaryotes (replication, transcription and translation), eukaryotic gene expression, and the regulation of gene expression (the lac operon). Note: On the ...
Cellular Respiration
... Total net yield (2 turns of krebs cycle) 1. 2 - ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) ...
... Total net yield (2 turns of krebs cycle) 1. 2 - ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) ...
ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration Powerpoint
... mitochondria will undergo aerobic respiration which leads to the Krebs cycle. However, if oxygen is not present, fermentation of the pyruvate molecule will occur. In the presence of oxygen, when acetyl-CoA is produced, the molecule then enters the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) ...
... mitochondria will undergo aerobic respiration which leads to the Krebs cycle. However, if oxygen is not present, fermentation of the pyruvate molecule will occur. In the presence of oxygen, when acetyl-CoA is produced, the molecule then enters the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) ...
Chapter 9 Notes
... glucose NADH electron transport chain proton-motive force ATP • About 34% of the energy in a glucose molecule is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration, making about 32 ATP • There are several reasons why the number of ATP is not known exactly © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... glucose NADH electron transport chain proton-motive force ATP • About 34% of the energy in a glucose molecule is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration, making about 32 ATP • There are several reasons why the number of ATP is not known exactly © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
The Chemical Level of Organization
... released from one reaction will drive the other. – E.g. Glucose breakdown releases energy used to build ATP molecules that store that energy for later use in other reactions – How efficient are these transfers of energy in cellular metabolsim? ...
... released from one reaction will drive the other. – E.g. Glucose breakdown releases energy used to build ATP molecules that store that energy for later use in other reactions – How efficient are these transfers of energy in cellular metabolsim? ...
2421_Ch2.ppt
... Ca, P, K, S, Na, Cl, Mg, Fe, I: make up most of remainder Trace elements: required by an organism in extremely minute quantities e.g.. B, Mn, Zn and others C HOPKINS CaFe ...
... Ca, P, K, S, Na, Cl, Mg, Fe, I: make up most of remainder Trace elements: required by an organism in extremely minute quantities e.g.. B, Mn, Zn and others C HOPKINS CaFe ...
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Test Bluff Questions
... 5. What wavelengths of light are absorbed by chlorophyll? a. Red and blue 6. T or F: The dark reaction cannot take place during the day. a. False- they are not dependent upon light 7. CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2 is the equation for what process? a. Photosynthesis 8. What are some factors that can affec ...
... 5. What wavelengths of light are absorbed by chlorophyll? a. Red and blue 6. T or F: The dark reaction cannot take place during the day. a. False- they are not dependent upon light 7. CO2 + H2O → C6H12O6 + O2 is the equation for what process? a. Photosynthesis 8. What are some factors that can affec ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.