b-Oxidation of fatty acids
... 1. 26/104 amino acids residues have been invariant for > 1.5 x 109 years. 2. Met 80 and His 18 - coordinate Fe. 3. 11 residues from number 70 - 80 lining a hydrophobic crevice have remained virtually unchanged throughout all cytochrome c regardless of species or even kingdom. 4. A number of invarian ...
... 1. 26/104 amino acids residues have been invariant for > 1.5 x 109 years. 2. Met 80 and His 18 - coordinate Fe. 3. 11 residues from number 70 - 80 lining a hydrophobic crevice have remained virtually unchanged throughout all cytochrome c regardless of species or even kingdom. 4. A number of invarian ...
4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration
... ! Details of ETC: The electron transport chain is the second main part of cellular respiration. • The electron transport chain uses NADH and to make ATP. – high-energy electrons enter electron transport chain – energy is used to transport hydrogen ions across the inner membrane – hydrogen ions ...
... ! Details of ETC: The electron transport chain is the second main part of cellular respiration. • The electron transport chain uses NADH and to make ATP. – high-energy electrons enter electron transport chain – energy is used to transport hydrogen ions across the inner membrane – hydrogen ions ...
Ch. 9 - Crestwood Local Schools
... sets of Cytochromes, Fe containing proteins to pass electrons. The Cytochromes alternate between RED and OX forms and pass electrons down to O2 ...
... sets of Cytochromes, Fe containing proteins to pass electrons. The Cytochromes alternate between RED and OX forms and pass electrons down to O2 ...
Energy Exam Review - Lewiston School District
... reactions of photosynthesis? A).to produce energy-rich glucose from carbon dioxide and water B).to produce ATP and NADPH C).to produce NADPH used in respiration D).to convert light energy to the chemical energy of PGAL B. To produce ATP and NADPH ...
... reactions of photosynthesis? A).to produce energy-rich glucose from carbon dioxide and water B).to produce ATP and NADPH C).to produce NADPH used in respiration D).to convert light energy to the chemical energy of PGAL B. To produce ATP and NADPH ...
Metabolism - College of the Canyons
... – Combines with coenzyme A to enter matrix • Occurs in two principal steps: – Matrix reactions – controlling enzymes are in the fluid of the mitochondrial matrix – Membrane reactions - controlling enzymes are bound to the membranes of the mitochondrial cristae ...
... – Combines with coenzyme A to enter matrix • Occurs in two principal steps: – Matrix reactions – controlling enzymes are in the fluid of the mitochondrial matrix – Membrane reactions - controlling enzymes are bound to the membranes of the mitochondrial cristae ...
Glycolysis & Fermentation
... Step 4 – conversion of 4-carbon compound Step 5 – 4-carbon compound converted back to oxaloacetic acid ...
... Step 4 – conversion of 4-carbon compound Step 5 – 4-carbon compound converted back to oxaloacetic acid ...
Slides - gserianne.com
... 1. Glycolysis (glucose to pyruvate; in cytoplasm) 2. Citric acid cycle (finishes oxidation begun in glycolysis; in the matrix of mitochondria) 3. Electron transport chain (uses e- transfer to make ATP; on inner membranes of mitochondria) Produces • carbon dioxide • water • ATP (chemical energy) • he ...
... 1. Glycolysis (glucose to pyruvate; in cytoplasm) 2. Citric acid cycle (finishes oxidation begun in glycolysis; in the matrix of mitochondria) 3. Electron transport chain (uses e- transfer to make ATP; on inner membranes of mitochondria) Produces • carbon dioxide • water • ATP (chemical energy) • he ...
Cellular Respiration
... Redox Reactions: Oxidation and Reduction • The transfer of electrons during chemical reactions releases energy stored in organic molecules • This released energy is ultimately used to synthesize ATP • Chemical reactions that transfer electrons between reactants are called oxidation-reduction reactio ...
... Redox Reactions: Oxidation and Reduction • The transfer of electrons during chemical reactions releases energy stored in organic molecules • This released energy is ultimately used to synthesize ATP • Chemical reactions that transfer electrons between reactants are called oxidation-reduction reactio ...
Unit 4 Photosynthesis
... Is this energy requiring or energy releasing? How does this energy change our system? Helps form ATP!!! ...
... Is this energy requiring or energy releasing? How does this energy change our system? Helps form ATP!!! ...
Chapter 9
... does not require oxygen The Krebs Cycle (indirectly) and the Electron Transport Chain (directly) use oxygen and so are ...
... does not require oxygen The Krebs Cycle (indirectly) and the Electron Transport Chain (directly) use oxygen and so are ...
Cellular Respiration
... Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) the short-term energy store of all cells easily transported and is therefore the universal energy carrier formed from the nucleotide adenosine monophosphate by the addition of two further phosphate molecules a metabolically active cell may require up to 2 million AT ...
... Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) the short-term energy store of all cells easily transported and is therefore the universal energy carrier formed from the nucleotide adenosine monophosphate by the addition of two further phosphate molecules a metabolically active cell may require up to 2 million AT ...
Photosynthesis
... chlorophyll a molecules As a result of the light energy, electrons are released from the chlorophyll a molecule in an oxidation reaction The free electrons from the chlorophyll a molecule are then “accepted” by a protein called a primary electron acceptor which reduces the molecule The electrons the ...
... chlorophyll a molecules As a result of the light energy, electrons are released from the chlorophyll a molecule in an oxidation reaction The free electrons from the chlorophyll a molecule are then “accepted” by a protein called a primary electron acceptor which reduces the molecule The electrons the ...
Lactic Acid Fermentation
... there is no oxygen available for yeast so the NADH builds up and NAD+ runs out. If NAD+ runs out, glycolysis itself will stop and there will be NO ATP made again. This will cause the organism to die. Therefore, a recycling program is needed to get the NADH back to NAD+. In alcohol fermentation, the ...
... there is no oxygen available for yeast so the NADH builds up and NAD+ runs out. If NAD+ runs out, glycolysis itself will stop and there will be NO ATP made again. This will cause the organism to die. Therefore, a recycling program is needed to get the NADH back to NAD+. In alcohol fermentation, the ...
in the presence of oxygen
... • After that ATP is produced by lactic acid fermentation • Makes enough ATP for about 90 seconds of activity • Lactic acid builds up in muscles and takes excess oxygen to get rid of acid • In quick bursts of energy, the body uses ATP already in the body along with ATP made through lactic acid fermen ...
... • After that ATP is produced by lactic acid fermentation • Makes enough ATP for about 90 seconds of activity • Lactic acid builds up in muscles and takes excess oxygen to get rid of acid • In quick bursts of energy, the body uses ATP already in the body along with ATP made through lactic acid fermen ...
Step 1: Hexokinase
... lecture, and reviewing lecture notes, you should be able to: • Describe the roles of ATP/ADP and NAD+/NADH in biological reactions. • Summarize the purpose and place, reactants and products, critical enzymes, and net yield of glycolysis. • Calculate free energy changes associated with glycolysis. • ...
... lecture, and reviewing lecture notes, you should be able to: • Describe the roles of ATP/ADP and NAD+/NADH in biological reactions. • Summarize the purpose and place, reactants and products, critical enzymes, and net yield of glycolysis. • Calculate free energy changes associated with glycolysis. • ...
CHE 4310 Fall 2011
... 6. Show the three reactions in the citric acid cycle in which NADH is produced, including the structures. None of these reactions involves molecular oxygen (O2), but all three reactions are strongly inhibited by anaerobic conditions; explain why. ...
... 6. Show the three reactions in the citric acid cycle in which NADH is produced, including the structures. None of these reactions involves molecular oxygen (O2), but all three reactions are strongly inhibited by anaerobic conditions; explain why. ...
Cellular Respiration Guided Reading Notes Section 7
... 33. The first acid produced in the Krebs cycle is _________________ acid. 34. Two energy carriers are reduced in the Krebs cycle; ________________becomes NADH and _________________ becomes FADH. 35. Is any ATP made in the Krebs cycle? 36. What gas is a waste product produced in the Krebs cycle? 37. ...
... 33. The first acid produced in the Krebs cycle is _________________ acid. 34. Two energy carriers are reduced in the Krebs cycle; ________________becomes NADH and _________________ becomes FADH. 35. Is any ATP made in the Krebs cycle? 36. What gas is a waste product produced in the Krebs cycle? 37. ...
ReadingStudyGuide1.W97
... 14. Refer to figure 7.6. Count the number of NADH, FADH2 (which are similar in function to NADH), and ATP produced during the Krebs cycle (NOT including the conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA). Remember that the figure shows the results for ONE molecule of acetyl CoA, and that each glucose yields ...
... 14. Refer to figure 7.6. Count the number of NADH, FADH2 (which are similar in function to NADH), and ATP produced during the Krebs cycle (NOT including the conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA). Remember that the figure shows the results for ONE molecule of acetyl CoA, and that each glucose yields ...
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.