Morphogenesis of complex plant cell shapes: the mechanical role of
... individual microfibrils, however, we were interested in the overall mechanical behavior of the pollen tube cell wall. Hence, the overall orientation of the entire population of anisotropy conveying polymers through the complete thickness of the wall layer is relevant. To assess this overall behavior ...
... individual microfibrils, however, we were interested in the overall mechanical behavior of the pollen tube cell wall. Hence, the overall orientation of the entire population of anisotropy conveying polymers through the complete thickness of the wall layer is relevant. To assess this overall behavior ...
The complex life of simple sphingolipids
... complexity, at least five different sphingoid bases are known in mammalian cells, more than 20 species of fatty acid (varying in chain length, degree of saturation, and degree of hydroxylation) can be attached to the sphingoid base, and around 500 different carbohydrate structures have been describe ...
... complexity, at least five different sphingoid bases are known in mammalian cells, more than 20 species of fatty acid (varying in chain length, degree of saturation, and degree of hydroxylation) can be attached to the sphingoid base, and around 500 different carbohydrate structures have been describe ...
Cell fate specification and maintenance in the female gametophyte
... establishment of the apical-basal axis and is notable after the division of the zygote (Friml et al., 2003). It was reported that the apical auxin maximum requires transport of auxin by the auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED 7 (PIN7), and the accumulation of auxin in the apical cell possibly together ...
... establishment of the apical-basal axis and is notable after the division of the zygote (Friml et al., 2003). It was reported that the apical auxin maximum requires transport of auxin by the auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED 7 (PIN7), and the accumulation of auxin in the apical cell possibly together ...
Anti-OPN Monoclonal Antibodies as Probes of OPN Structure and
... Blotting or ELISAs (because the relevant epitope was bound to the plastic or PVDF membrane). Thus we use two additional screening methodologies to detect antigen-antibody associations free in solution (a peptide assay and a magnetic bead assay). We use both native (modified) and recombinant (unmodif ...
... Blotting or ELISAs (because the relevant epitope was bound to the plastic or PVDF membrane). Thus we use two additional screening methodologies to detect antigen-antibody associations free in solution (a peptide assay and a magnetic bead assay). We use both native (modified) and recombinant (unmodif ...
Apoptotic cell clearance: basic biology and therapeutic potential
... and ingest smaller fragments of the dying cell6. This has also been observed during the clearance of dying cells by fibroblasts in the absence of macrophages2. In fact, the formation of plasma membrane blebs (a common morphological feature of apoptosis) is required for the generation of smaller apop ...
... and ingest smaller fragments of the dying cell6. This has also been observed during the clearance of dying cells by fibroblasts in the absence of macrophages2. In fact, the formation of plasma membrane blebs (a common morphological feature of apoptosis) is required for the generation of smaller apop ...
Imaging Cell Wall Architecture in Single Zinnia
... directly probe for polysaccharide and aromatic molecules in native as well as treated plant material (Carpita et al., 2001; McCann et al., 2001). FTIR spectromicroscopy is not only able to identify chemical components in a specific system but also can determine their distribution and relative abunda ...
... directly probe for polysaccharide and aromatic molecules in native as well as treated plant material (Carpita et al., 2001; McCann et al., 2001). FTIR spectromicroscopy is not only able to identify chemical components in a specific system but also can determine their distribution and relative abunda ...
Cryptococcus neoformans Induces Expression of Fas Ligand in Macrophages
... that can promote tissue damage during antimicrobial defense responses. Macrophages may also initiate self-destructive autoimmune processes (1). Hence, macrophages are critically important cells for host defense but are also implicated in processes that damage host tissues. A key function of macropha ...
... that can promote tissue damage during antimicrobial defense responses. Macrophages may also initiate self-destructive autoimmune processes (1). Hence, macrophages are critically important cells for host defense but are also implicated in processes that damage host tissues. A key function of macropha ...
Exploring glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5) enzymes
... Structural proteins are found throughout the plant cell wall and especially abundant in the primary wall. These proteins have been divided into major classes based on their ...
... Structural proteins are found throughout the plant cell wall and especially abundant in the primary wall. These proteins have been divided into major classes based on their ...
The Role of the Arabidopsis ELD1 Gene in Cell
... meristem remained at 0.4 ⫾ 0.01 to 0.5 ⫾ 0.1 mm during this same period. The cells of the newly germinated eld1 root tip were isodiametric in shape, rich in cytoplasm, and contained large nuclei, as is characteristic of wild-type meristematic cells (Fig. 3A). However, by 7 to 10 d after germination, ...
... meristem remained at 0.4 ⫾ 0.01 to 0.5 ⫾ 0.1 mm during this same period. The cells of the newly germinated eld1 root tip were isodiametric in shape, rich in cytoplasm, and contained large nuclei, as is characteristic of wild-type meristematic cells (Fig. 3A). However, by 7 to 10 d after germination, ...
Biochemistry of Fruits and Vegetables
... Freeze-thaw cycles: Commodity specific, but membrane damage/rupturing is considerably greater with a slow freeze (large ice crystals) compared to a rapid freeze. Cryoprotective agents can be used to protect the cells if necessary; examples include sugar or salt solutions (increases the osmotic press ...
... Freeze-thaw cycles: Commodity specific, but membrane damage/rupturing is considerably greater with a slow freeze (large ice crystals) compared to a rapid freeze. Cryoprotective agents can be used to protect the cells if necessary; examples include sugar or salt solutions (increases the osmotic press ...
Differences in Whole-Cell and Single
... channels mediate a net outward K⫹ current, they can also allow a significant Zn2⫹ permeation (i.e. influx). In addition, single-channel recordings allowed us to identify an infrequent type of plasma membrane divalent cation channel that also can mediate Zn2⫹ influx. We propose that the different K⫹ ...
... channels mediate a net outward K⫹ current, they can also allow a significant Zn2⫹ permeation (i.e. influx). In addition, single-channel recordings allowed us to identify an infrequent type of plasma membrane divalent cation channel that also can mediate Zn2⫹ influx. We propose that the different K⫹ ...
Hydrogen peroxide modulates the dynamic microtubule
... To determine whether H2O2 was involved in VD-toxininduced stress responses, the H2O2 in Arabidopsis leaves was labelled using a fluorescent probe of H2DCF-DA. The fluorescent intensity in wild-type Arabidopsis leaves significantly increased after treatment with VD-toxins, and the H2O2 level displaye ...
... To determine whether H2O2 was involved in VD-toxininduced stress responses, the H2O2 in Arabidopsis leaves was labelled using a fluorescent probe of H2DCF-DA. The fluorescent intensity in wild-type Arabidopsis leaves significantly increased after treatment with VD-toxins, and the H2O2 level displaye ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... for the formation of a functional organ during the different phases of development. Genetic factors determine the blueprint, but environmental cues can also have very pronounced effects on the final size of a plant and its organs. This is best illustrated by Bonsai trees that, although sharing the s ...
... for the formation of a functional organ during the different phases of development. Genetic factors determine the blueprint, but environmental cues can also have very pronounced effects on the final size of a plant and its organs. This is best illustrated by Bonsai trees that, although sharing the s ...
Determination and Formation of the Basic Body Pattern in Embryo of
... three types of cells: the micropylar channel-forming cells, the micropylar orifice-forming cells, and the micropylar rosette-forming cells (Yamauchi and Yoshitake, 1984). In the micropylar region the vitelline membrane becomes thicker than in the other regions, and the periplasm lying under the micr ...
... three types of cells: the micropylar channel-forming cells, the micropylar orifice-forming cells, and the micropylar rosette-forming cells (Yamauchi and Yoshitake, 1984). In the micropylar region the vitelline membrane becomes thicker than in the other regions, and the periplasm lying under the micr ...
Gene Section PTPRJ (protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, J)
... increasing cell contact and is initiated before saturation cell density is reached. These observations suggest that DEP-1 may contribute to the mechanism of contact inhibition of cell growth. ...
... increasing cell contact and is initiated before saturation cell density is reached. These observations suggest that DEP-1 may contribute to the mechanism of contact inhibition of cell growth. ...
Microtubules Contribute to Tubule Elongation and
... The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of tubules and sheet-like structures in eukaryotic cells. Some ER tubules dynamically change their morphology, and others form stable structures. In plants, it has been thought that the ER tubule extension is driven by the actin-myosin machinery. Here, we ...
... The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of tubules and sheet-like structures in eukaryotic cells. Some ER tubules dynamically change their morphology, and others form stable structures. In plants, it has been thought that the ER tubule extension is driven by the actin-myosin machinery. Here, we ...
Article - Archive ouverte UNIGE
... components (Couchman, 1986) help to distinguish papilla cells from skin fibroblasts, none can be expressly described as a specific papilla cell marker. This question fringes on the broader problem of categorization of the cells that are present in the skin dermis, and which commonly appear fibroblas ...
... components (Couchman, 1986) help to distinguish papilla cells from skin fibroblasts, none can be expressly described as a specific papilla cell marker. This question fringes on the broader problem of categorization of the cells that are present in the skin dermis, and which commonly appear fibroblas ...
Lesson Overview - Enfield High School
... Scientific names are also useful because they are the same around the world Latin is used (which does not change) Common names differ from one country to another ...
... Scientific names are also useful because they are the same around the world Latin is used (which does not change) Common names differ from one country to another ...
Extra-embryonic endoderm differentiation
... Endodermal cell counts were performed on single, Toluidine Bluestained sections obtained at the largest diameter from serial section series of 15-33 Lamc1+/− and Lamc1−/− EBs (numbers for individual experiments are given in the figure legends). The sections were viewed with bright field illumination ...
... Endodermal cell counts were performed on single, Toluidine Bluestained sections obtained at the largest diameter from serial section series of 15-33 Lamc1+/− and Lamc1−/− EBs (numbers for individual experiments are given in the figure legends). The sections were viewed with bright field illumination ...
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library
... is investigated by means of the multifunctional-two-photon laser scanning microscopy (MF-2PLSM), which the first author established by combining three platforms of laser scanning microscopy: fluorescence microscopy, harmonic generation microscopy and polarizing microscopy. MF2PLSM provides attractiv ...
... is investigated by means of the multifunctional-two-photon laser scanning microscopy (MF-2PLSM), which the first author established by combining three platforms of laser scanning microscopy: fluorescence microscopy, harmonic generation microscopy and polarizing microscopy. MF2PLSM provides attractiv ...
Protozoa - Dr Magrann
... 6. Synkaryon divides several times by mitosis. 7. Some products form micronuclei, others form macronuclei. 8. Cytoplasmic division may follow several individuals genetically distinct from parents. ...
... 6. Synkaryon divides several times by mitosis. 7. Some products form micronuclei, others form macronuclei. 8. Cytoplasmic division may follow several individuals genetically distinct from parents. ...
Suffix Meaning -ac pertaining to
... -fication -fida -form -fusion -gen -genesis -genic -globin -globulin -grade -gram -graph -graphy -gravida -hexia -ia -iac ...
... -fication -fida -form -fusion -gen -genesis -genic -globin -globulin -grade -gram -graph -graphy -gravida -hexia -ia -iac ...
Lesson Overview - Diman Regional
... These chemicals, called hormones, are released in one part of the body, travel through the blood, and affect cells in other parts of the body. ...
... These chemicals, called hormones, are released in one part of the body, travel through the blood, and affect cells in other parts of the body. ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.