Dictyostelium morphogenesis
... to the response regulator domain of the internal cAMP phosphodiesterase RegA, which is a major determinant in the control of intracellular cAMP levels [3,44]. High ammonia is expected to result in activation of regA and low internal cAMP levels. A drop in ammonia is expected to result in a rise of i ...
... to the response regulator domain of the internal cAMP phosphodiesterase RegA, which is a major determinant in the control of intracellular cAMP levels [3,44]. High ammonia is expected to result in activation of regA and low internal cAMP levels. A drop in ammonia is expected to result in a rise of i ...
ANALYSIS OF CONE - HORIZONTAL CELL CONNECTIVITY
... In the teleost retina there are up to four types of horizontal cells which are arranged in four layers: three of them are related to cones and one to rods (Parthe, 1972; Stell and Lightfoot, 1975). Horizontal cells of every layer differ from each another in both morphology and synaptic connectivity. ...
... In the teleost retina there are up to four types of horizontal cells which are arranged in four layers: three of them are related to cones and one to rods (Parthe, 1972; Stell and Lightfoot, 1975). Horizontal cells of every layer differ from each another in both morphology and synaptic connectivity. ...
ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE ILLUSTRATIONS OF DIVISION IN
... outer layer is electron-transparent and is made visible in the specimens by a tenuous electron-dense layer on its outer side. The zone between the bacterial cell wall and the host cell cytoplasm presents a wide range of appearances. The wall may be in direct contact with the host cytoplasm (figs. l ...
... outer layer is electron-transparent and is made visible in the specimens by a tenuous electron-dense layer on its outer side. The zone between the bacterial cell wall and the host cell cytoplasm presents a wide range of appearances. The wall may be in direct contact with the host cytoplasm (figs. l ...
Artifacts
... Pus • Pus can be seen by the naked eye as opaque, greyish streaks( not transparent like mucus). • Under the microscope it appears as a mass of more or less degenerate leukocytes ...
... Pus • Pus can be seen by the naked eye as opaque, greyish streaks( not transparent like mucus). • Under the microscope it appears as a mass of more or less degenerate leukocytes ...
Human stem cell-based disease modeling: prospects and challenges
... from a patient with a genetic disease can be reprogrammed as human iPSCs and can subsequently be differentiated into disease-relevant cell types to uncover molecular and cellular mechanisms and to screen for drug treatment options (Figure 1). Current Opinion in Cell Biology 2015, 37:84–90 ...
... from a patient with a genetic disease can be reprogrammed as human iPSCs and can subsequently be differentiated into disease-relevant cell types to uncover molecular and cellular mechanisms and to screen for drug treatment options (Figure 1). Current Opinion in Cell Biology 2015, 37:84–90 ...
Is the Loss of Stability Theory a Realistic Concept for Stress
... DC for driving water influx is a decrease in turgor resulting from a decrease in wall stress due to wall loosening.’’ This implies a stepwise increase in the turgor pressure of any growing cell, with wall loosening preceding turgor loss and subsequent water uptake. Again, his statement results from ...
... DC for driving water influx is a decrease in turgor resulting from a decrease in wall stress due to wall loosening.’’ This implies a stepwise increase in the turgor pressure of any growing cell, with wall loosening preceding turgor loss and subsequent water uptake. Again, his statement results from ...
Biodiversity Booklet - Protist Page - 3
... Animal-Like Protists Are ____________that obtain nutrients by ingesting other organisms Are always ________________ (one cell) Are classified according to ___________ (how they move) How do the following organisms move? 1) Amoeba: ___________________________________ ...
... Animal-Like Protists Are ____________that obtain nutrients by ingesting other organisms Are always ________________ (one cell) Are classified according to ___________ (how they move) How do the following organisms move? 1) Amoeba: ___________________________________ ...
Carbon metabolism in Chlamydomonas: inositol
... from carbon sources), and mixotrophic (obtaining energy from light and carbon sources) modes of growth. To decipher the TOR signaling network in Chlamydomonas, the authors screened for mutants that were hypersensitive to the antibiotic rapamycin (RAP), an established inhibitor of TOR in this organis ...
... from carbon sources), and mixotrophic (obtaining energy from light and carbon sources) modes of growth. To decipher the TOR signaling network in Chlamydomonas, the authors screened for mutants that were hypersensitive to the antibiotic rapamycin (RAP), an established inhibitor of TOR in this organis ...
In yeast, the pseudohyphal phenotype induced by isoamyl alcohol
... 110-minute doubling-time of the untreated control culture (Fig. 1D). By 8 hours, 50% of the cells had two or more buds (Fig. 1B). In about 20% of the filaments, large round cells were observed at either end of the chain (Fig. 1A,C). Some filaments produced side branches (arrow, Fig. 1A). Initially, ...
... 110-minute doubling-time of the untreated control culture (Fig. 1D). By 8 hours, 50% of the cells had two or more buds (Fig. 1B). In about 20% of the filaments, large round cells were observed at either end of the chain (Fig. 1A,C). Some filaments produced side branches (arrow, Fig. 1A). Initially, ...
vonandrian_blog_review_120207_jws
... lymph for immunosurveillance. To investigate whether circulating HSCs themselves follow this path, von Andrian’s group initially identified a HSC pool in thoracic duct lymph using both immunotyping and serial transplantation. They also showed using pharmacological approach that HSCs egress from extr ...
... lymph for immunosurveillance. To investigate whether circulating HSCs themselves follow this path, von Andrian’s group initially identified a HSC pool in thoracic duct lymph using both immunotyping and serial transplantation. They also showed using pharmacological approach that HSCs egress from extr ...
The Plant Endomembrane System—A Complex
... well conserved BiP3 is expressed only under ER stress conditions (Noh et al. 2003). Maruyama et al. (2014) demonstrate that BiP3 is expressed in pollen and pollen tubes without ER stress and has functions that are comparable with those of BiP1 and BiP2 in male gametogenesis and pollen tube growth. T ...
... well conserved BiP3 is expressed only under ER stress conditions (Noh et al. 2003). Maruyama et al. (2014) demonstrate that BiP3 is expressed in pollen and pollen tubes without ER stress and has functions that are comparable with those of BiP1 and BiP2 in male gametogenesis and pollen tube growth. T ...
Stomatal development: cross talk puts mouths in place
... hypothesis that SDD1 helps produce a proximity signal that originates from stomatal precursors (Fig. 3). Both RNA in situ hybridization and promoter-reporter techniques show that SDD1 expression occurs primarily in meristemoids and GMCs [19]. In leaves, SDD1 and TMM restrict the number of NC divisio ...
... hypothesis that SDD1 helps produce a proximity signal that originates from stomatal precursors (Fig. 3). Both RNA in situ hybridization and promoter-reporter techniques show that SDD1 expression occurs primarily in meristemoids and GMCs [19]. In leaves, SDD1 and TMM restrict the number of NC divisio ...
The Sinorhizobium meliloti sensor histidine kinase
... fixation. We previously identified the S. meliloti two-component sensor histidine kinase CbrA as playing an important role in regulating exopolysaccharide production, flagellar motility and symbiosis. Phylogenetic analysis of CbrA has highlighted its evolutionary relatedness to the Caulobacter cresc ...
... fixation. We previously identified the S. meliloti two-component sensor histidine kinase CbrA as playing an important role in regulating exopolysaccharide production, flagellar motility and symbiosis. Phylogenetic analysis of CbrA has highlighted its evolutionary relatedness to the Caulobacter cresc ...
Coupling of DNA replication and mitosis by fission yeast rad4/cut5
... cause mitotic events. Temperature-sensitive cdc!8 mutant cells are arrested with 2C DNA contents, but the null mutant cells fail to synthesize DNA (Kelly et al., 1993). The c d tl+ gene was isolated by an immunoprecipitation-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) cycle used to isolate physically the genomi ...
... cause mitotic events. Temperature-sensitive cdc!8 mutant cells are arrested with 2C DNA contents, but the null mutant cells fail to synthesize DNA (Kelly et al., 1993). The c d tl+ gene was isolated by an immunoprecipitation-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) cycle used to isolate physically the genomi ...
Chapter 3 - Coastal Bend College
... • The cell has to be able to bring in nutrients inside and get waste products out without changing the cell’s volume, because too much can cause the cell the rupture (causing cell death) or to shrivel (also causing cell death). ...
... • The cell has to be able to bring in nutrients inside and get waste products out without changing the cell’s volume, because too much can cause the cell the rupture (causing cell death) or to shrivel (also causing cell death). ...
during Drosophila melanogaster Embryogenesis
... (Zalokar and Erk, 1976). This allows us to examine a twodimensional array of genetically identical nuclei at defined mitotic stages, facilitating the analysis of chromosome structure. We have previously analyzed the three-dimensional paths of embryonic chromosomes during mitosis from prophase throug ...
... (Zalokar and Erk, 1976). This allows us to examine a twodimensional array of genetically identical nuclei at defined mitotic stages, facilitating the analysis of chromosome structure. We have previously analyzed the three-dimensional paths of embryonic chromosomes during mitosis from prophase throug ...
Teacher Guide
... intravenous (IV) needles, can cause liver cancer, though only a small number of those with the virus will develop liver cancer.1 [Slide 9] Question 3: What someone does as a young adult has little effect on their chance of getting cancer later in life. (False.) In most cases, cancer is the consequen ...
... intravenous (IV) needles, can cause liver cancer, though only a small number of those with the virus will develop liver cancer.1 [Slide 9] Question 3: What someone does as a young adult has little effect on their chance of getting cancer later in life. (False.) In most cases, cancer is the consequen ...
Centrosomes as Scaffolds - Albert Einstein College of Medicine
... process called dynamic instability (Mitchison and Kirschner, 1984a, 1984b). As the tubulin dimer pool decreases during polymerization, the probability of depolymerization increases. Once depolymerization is initiated, the microtubule is completely taken apart, increasing the dimer pool and leaving a ...
... process called dynamic instability (Mitchison and Kirschner, 1984a, 1984b). As the tubulin dimer pool decreases during polymerization, the probability of depolymerization increases. Once depolymerization is initiated, the microtubule is completely taken apart, increasing the dimer pool and leaving a ...
Lecture 012--Organelles 3 (Energy Systems)
... fluid-filled space between 2 membranes internal fluid-filled space mitochondrial matrix DNA, ribosomes & enzymes ...
... fluid-filled space between 2 membranes internal fluid-filled space mitochondrial matrix DNA, ribosomes & enzymes ...
Biology End of Course Review
... List the categories of taxonomy starting with the broadest and ending with the most specific: ...
... List the categories of taxonomy starting with the broadest and ending with the most specific: ...
The making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation
... Sickle-shaped RBCs are not flexible and clog up blood vessels, preventing enough oxygen-rich blood from being delivered to different parts of the body. In addition, the immune system marks sickled RBCs for destruction. When the body removes RBCs from circulation faster than it produces new RBCs, ane ...
... Sickle-shaped RBCs are not flexible and clog up blood vessels, preventing enough oxygen-rich blood from being delivered to different parts of the body. In addition, the immune system marks sickled RBCs for destruction. When the body removes RBCs from circulation faster than it produces new RBCs, ane ...
hypersensitivity A
... Serum sickness Is a protoype of systemic immune complex hypersensitivity reaction. The immune complex circulate in the blood and deposit in blood vessels (vascultitis), joint (arthritis) and kidney (glomerulonephritis) associated with fever, rash and ...
... Serum sickness Is a protoype of systemic immune complex hypersensitivity reaction. The immune complex circulate in the blood and deposit in blood vessels (vascultitis), joint (arthritis) and kidney (glomerulonephritis) associated with fever, rash and ...
CD63 Is a Component of Weibel
... the cell lysate with the 2C6 antibody (Fig 3). A prominent 32-Kd band was already present at the end ofthe 30-minute labeling period (lane I), and was followed at I hour by the appearance of a diffuse band centered at 50 Kd, whose prominence increased during the chase period (lanes 2 through 4). Whe ...
... the cell lysate with the 2C6 antibody (Fig 3). A prominent 32-Kd band was already present at the end ofthe 30-minute labeling period (lane I), and was followed at I hour by the appearance of a diffuse band centered at 50 Kd, whose prominence increased during the chase period (lanes 2 through 4). Whe ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.