Drosophila immune cell migration and adhesion during embryonic
... implying the existence of another migratory cue for this step. Each of the three main routes that the plasmatocytes split into contains Pvfs [13,16], thus how the cells decide which path to follow is unclear. Finally, along all three paths, consecutive waves of plasmatocytes move towards one source ...
... implying the existence of another migratory cue for this step. Each of the three main routes that the plasmatocytes split into contains Pvfs [13,16], thus how the cells decide which path to follow is unclear. Finally, along all three paths, consecutive waves of plasmatocytes move towards one source ...
The tumor strikes back: New data on expression of the
... (mitomycin, cyclophosphamid, cisplatin), intercalators (dactinomycin, mitoxantron, doxorubicin), as well as nucleotide analogues. For years it has been known that these diverse drugs can induce apoptosis. What was not known, however, was the mechanism of apoptosis induced by the drugs. What is more, ...
... (mitomycin, cyclophosphamid, cisplatin), intercalators (dactinomycin, mitoxantron, doxorubicin), as well as nucleotide analogues. For years it has been known that these diverse drugs can induce apoptosis. What was not known, however, was the mechanism of apoptosis induced by the drugs. What is more, ...
Systematic profiling of cellular phenotypes with spotted cell
... scattering image of a cell microarray (approximately 2 cm × 6 cm) containing around 4,800 viable, haploid yeast deletion strains. The bright dots arise from light scattered when scanning the array with a Genepix DNA microarray scanner. Spots are around 200 µm in diameter, separated by 410 µm. (c) Cl ...
... scattering image of a cell microarray (approximately 2 cm × 6 cm) containing around 4,800 viable, haploid yeast deletion strains. The bright dots arise from light scattered when scanning the array with a Genepix DNA microarray scanner. Spots are around 200 µm in diameter, separated by 410 µm. (c) Cl ...
The PXY-CLE41 receptor ligand pair defines a
... expression domain overrides the patterning set up across the whole hypocotyl as it completely lacks organisation. The highly ordered and predictable pattern of vascular tissue seen in the wild-type plants (Fig. 4A,E) is largely lost in 35S::CLE41 and IRX3::CLE41 plants (Fig. 4B,C,F,G). Some of the c ...
... expression domain overrides the patterning set up across the whole hypocotyl as it completely lacks organisation. The highly ordered and predictable pattern of vascular tissue seen in the wild-type plants (Fig. 4A,E) is largely lost in 35S::CLE41 and IRX3::CLE41 plants (Fig. 4B,C,F,G). Some of the c ...
Noppl40 Shuttles on Tracks
... most phosphorylated proteins in the cell. We investigated whether the massive phosphorylation of Noppl40 was responsible for its aberrant migration on SDS-PAGE. As described above (Figure 2D), in vitro transcription/translation of Noppl40 cDNA in reticulocyte lysate generated a band on SDS-PAGE of M ...
... most phosphorylated proteins in the cell. We investigated whether the massive phosphorylation of Noppl40 was responsible for its aberrant migration on SDS-PAGE. As described above (Figure 2D), in vitro transcription/translation of Noppl40 cDNA in reticulocyte lysate generated a band on SDS-PAGE of M ...
Plant cell wall polymers as precursors for biofuels
... by which plant cells regulate the flow of carbon into wall polymers and balance the quantities of the various wall polymers are hot topics for research. Photosynthetic assimilates are used as the building blocks for wall polysaccharide biosynthesis. One of the first enzymes that utilizes the newly f ...
... by which plant cells regulate the flow of carbon into wall polymers and balance the quantities of the various wall polymers are hot topics for research. Photosynthetic assimilates are used as the building blocks for wall polysaccharide biosynthesis. One of the first enzymes that utilizes the newly f ...
Bio 226: Cell and Molecular Biology
... Cellulose: ordered chains made of glucose linked b 1-4 • Cross-link with neighbors to form strong, stable fibers • Made by enzyme embedded in the plasma membrane • Guided by cytoskeleton • Other wall chemicals are made in Golgi & secreted • Only cellulose pattern is tightly controlled ...
... Cellulose: ordered chains made of glucose linked b 1-4 • Cross-link with neighbors to form strong, stable fibers • Made by enzyme embedded in the plasma membrane • Guided by cytoskeleton • Other wall chemicals are made in Golgi & secreted • Only cellulose pattern is tightly controlled ...
Crosstalk between Notch signaling Pathway and Glutamine uptake
... In the immune system, Notch signaling is intimately involved in the process of T versus B lymphocyte differentiation from a common lymphocyte progenitor (Radtke, F. 2004[17] ) . Earlier studies have shown that activation of naive CD4+ T cells along with simultaneous activation of Notch1 signaling pat ...
... In the immune system, Notch signaling is intimately involved in the process of T versus B lymphocyte differentiation from a common lymphocyte progenitor (Radtke, F. 2004[17] ) . Earlier studies have shown that activation of naive CD4+ T cells along with simultaneous activation of Notch1 signaling pat ...
REGULATION OF INITIATION OF DNA SYNTHESIS
... has reported partial synchronization of L-cells after diluting stationary-phase suspension cultures with fresh medium . His evidence for partial synchronization was based primarily on the rate of DNA synthesis per volume cell suspension and not on serial cell counts . The medium components responsib ...
... has reported partial synchronization of L-cells after diluting stationary-phase suspension cultures with fresh medium . His evidence for partial synchronization was based primarily on the rate of DNA synthesis per volume cell suspension and not on serial cell counts . The medium components responsib ...
A systems view of epigenetic networks regulating pancreas
... The development of such protocols for the pancreatic endocrine cell lineage8,9 has offered an opportunity to study critical epigenetic events occurring during endocrine cell development. Studies using these approaches have shown that at each step during progression toward pancreas, changes in the bi ...
... The development of such protocols for the pancreatic endocrine cell lineage8,9 has offered an opportunity to study critical epigenetic events occurring during endocrine cell development. Studies using these approaches have shown that at each step during progression toward pancreas, changes in the bi ...
CKIP-1, a proinflammatory protein in macrophages interferes with
... Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is the prototype molecule of the TNF superfamily (TNFSF), exerting a broad spectrum of activities through its membrane bound or soluble form. TNF is a pleiotropic cytokine as it is able to induce differentiation, gene-expression, apoptosis or necrosis depending on the typ ...
... Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is the prototype molecule of the TNF superfamily (TNFSF), exerting a broad spectrum of activities through its membrane bound or soluble form. TNF is a pleiotropic cytokine as it is able to induce differentiation, gene-expression, apoptosis or necrosis depending on the typ ...
Micromechanical studies of mitotic chromosomes
... chromatin fiber up. At higher ionic strength, this repulsion is overcome by attractive nucleosome–nucleosome interactions, and the fiber folds up. The drastic structural effect of the change in ionic strength from 10 to 100 mM shows that chromatin fiber is relatively soft, or equivalently that internucl ...
... chromatin fiber up. At higher ionic strength, this repulsion is overcome by attractive nucleosome–nucleosome interactions, and the fiber folds up. The drastic structural effect of the change in ionic strength from 10 to 100 mM shows that chromatin fiber is relatively soft, or equivalently that internucl ...
University of Groningen How to get (a)round Pinho, Mariana
... only after septal peptidoglycan synthesis has been initiated (presumably by PBP1 and PBP2), as wall teichoic acids are attached to peptidoglycan. As a result, PBP4 is recruited later than PBP1 and PBP2, and this delay might be required to allow the incorporation of polysaccharides and proteins into ...
... only after septal peptidoglycan synthesis has been initiated (presumably by PBP1 and PBP2), as wall teichoic acids are attached to peptidoglycan. As a result, PBP4 is recruited later than PBP1 and PBP2, and this delay might be required to allow the incorporation of polysaccharides and proteins into ...
Ultrastructural Aspects of Human and Canine Diabetic
... was no significant difference in the two species. The retinal capillaries, which have been well described in various species,9"12 consist of a lumen varying from 4 to 7 fx in diameter, which is surrounded by a relatively thin layer of endothelial cytoplasm varying from 0.1 to 0.3 /x in thickness. Oc ...
... was no significant difference in the two species. The retinal capillaries, which have been well described in various species,9"12 consist of a lumen varying from 4 to 7 fx in diameter, which is surrounded by a relatively thin layer of endothelial cytoplasm varying from 0.1 to 0.3 /x in thickness. Oc ...
Amino Acid Sequences in V3 Loop Conformation
... • CD4 T cell count is a trait in developing AIDs ( >200 safe, <200 AIDs). • Differing CD4 T cell count is correlated with conservation in amino acid sequences. • Usage of Star Biochem to Answer our Question • BioWorkbench used to create multiple sequence alignments • Results obtained from multiple s ...
... • CD4 T cell count is a trait in developing AIDs ( >200 safe, <200 AIDs). • Differing CD4 T cell count is correlated with conservation in amino acid sequences. • Usage of Star Biochem to Answer our Question • BioWorkbench used to create multiple sequence alignments • Results obtained from multiple s ...
Beyond the meristems: similarities in the
... tissues; and the axillary meristems giving rise to secondary structures such as branches. Collectively, meristems must balance their cellular constitution to encompass proliferating cells that will differentiate into organs, but also to maintain a set of undifferentiated pluripotent cells. Meristems ...
... tissues; and the axillary meristems giving rise to secondary structures such as branches. Collectively, meristems must balance their cellular constitution to encompass proliferating cells that will differentiate into organs, but also to maintain a set of undifferentiated pluripotent cells. Meristems ...
The Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor Accumulates in
... Fig. 1 shows an autoradiogram of some of the immunoprecipitants after SDS-PAGE. All of the positive clones except for one displayed two characteristic bands of Mr 100-105 kD. These bands comigrated with plgR isolated from transfected MDCK cells (data not shown). Previous work demonstrates that this ...
... Fig. 1 shows an autoradiogram of some of the immunoprecipitants after SDS-PAGE. All of the positive clones except for one displayed two characteristic bands of Mr 100-105 kD. These bands comigrated with plgR isolated from transfected MDCK cells (data not shown). Previous work demonstrates that this ...
Female Gametophyte Development in Flowering Plants
... the megasporocyte is manifested by the polar distribution of organelles, the dynamic deposition of callose, and the microtubule cytoskeleton. So far, the role of this polarity on megaspore development is unknown. The disruption of this polarity in megasporocytes was observed in switch1 (swi1)/dyad o ...
... the megasporocyte is manifested by the polar distribution of organelles, the dynamic deposition of callose, and the microtubule cytoskeleton. So far, the role of this polarity on megaspore development is unknown. The disruption of this polarity in megasporocytes was observed in switch1 (swi1)/dyad o ...
Origin and shaping of the laterality organ in zebrafish
... A surface plane through an embryo at 50% epiboly shows that presumptive DFCs (asterisks) are partially positioned underneath the EVL (A). Clear enrichment of aPKC-ζ is found at the contact point between one of the DFCs and the overlying EVL (A,A⬘; arrowheads). At 75% epiboly, the EVL completely cove ...
... A surface plane through an embryo at 50% epiboly shows that presumptive DFCs (asterisks) are partially positioned underneath the EVL (A). Clear enrichment of aPKC-ζ is found at the contact point between one of the DFCs and the overlying EVL (A,A⬘; arrowheads). At 75% epiboly, the EVL completely cove ...
Adherent Neural Stem (NS) Cells from Fetal and
... NS cells were induced to differentiate after replating 0.5--1 3 105 cells onto a laminin-coated treated 4-well plate. For astrocyte induction, cells were exposed to NS-A media supplemented with N2 (in-house preparation) and 1% fetal calf serum (Sigma) or 10 ng/mL of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)- ...
... NS cells were induced to differentiate after replating 0.5--1 3 105 cells onto a laminin-coated treated 4-well plate. For astrocyte induction, cells were exposed to NS-A media supplemented with N2 (in-house preparation) and 1% fetal calf serum (Sigma) or 10 ng/mL of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)- ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.