Oriented Asymmetric Divisions That Generate the
... would be to space the initial precursor cells so that no stomata can form in contact. For example, some mechanism might control where MMCs arise. A second possibility is that stomata or their precursors could laterally inhibit adjacent cells from acquiring an MMC fate. To address these possibilities ...
... would be to space the initial precursor cells so that no stomata can form in contact. For example, some mechanism might control where MMCs arise. A second possibility is that stomata or their precursors could laterally inhibit adjacent cells from acquiring an MMC fate. To address these possibilities ...
Historical Background: In 1838, Schwann and - Moodle
... dependent on environmental factors: light, pH, temperature, oxygen, etc. For instance, experiments on Catharanthus roseus cell cultures have shown that low-density cultures accumulated six times more ajmalicine than high density ones. Anthocyanin content was found to increase with osmotic stress in ...
... dependent on environmental factors: light, pH, temperature, oxygen, etc. For instance, experiments on Catharanthus roseus cell cultures have shown that low-density cultures accumulated six times more ajmalicine than high density ones. Anthocyanin content was found to increase with osmotic stress in ...
Non-Flagellar Swimming in Marine Synechococcus
... that were studied lacked not only oscillin but also the Slayer underlying the oscillin fibrils and also did not produce slime (Hoiczyk and Baumeister, 1997). Oscillin is proposed to play a passive role in gliding, with its helically arranged fibrils serving to guide the secreted slime. The interacti ...
... that were studied lacked not only oscillin but also the Slayer underlying the oscillin fibrils and also did not produce slime (Hoiczyk and Baumeister, 1997). Oscillin is proposed to play a passive role in gliding, with its helically arranged fibrils serving to guide the secreted slime. The interacti ...
Four new subunits of the Dam1Duo1 complex reveal novel functions
... (Byers and Goetsch, 1975; Adams and Kilmartin, 1999). At this point, both adjacently positioned SPBs organize nuclear MTs that are required to assemble a short bipolar ã European Molecular Biology Organization ...
... (Byers and Goetsch, 1975; Adams and Kilmartin, 1999). At this point, both adjacently positioned SPBs organize nuclear MTs that are required to assemble a short bipolar ã European Molecular Biology Organization ...
Signalling in Plant Lateral Organ Development
... the case of the leaf mesophyll layers, these initials usually involve two distinct cell lineages (the L2 and L3 layers of the SAM; Figure 2), suggesting that cell–cell interactions are involved in specifying their fate as mesophyll initials. Similarly, rare periclinal division within the L1 layer of ...
... the case of the leaf mesophyll layers, these initials usually involve two distinct cell lineages (the L2 and L3 layers of the SAM; Figure 2), suggesting that cell–cell interactions are involved in specifying their fate as mesophyll initials. Similarly, rare periclinal division within the L1 layer of ...
CN Theveneau
... inhibitors. Positive taxis attracting NC to specific locations and negative taxis repelling NC from the neuroepithelium were proposed (Erickson, 1985, 1988; Erickson and Olivier, 1983; Sechrist et al., 1994) but remained unsupported or, in the case of negative taxis, were ruled out by experimental da ...
... inhibitors. Positive taxis attracting NC to specific locations and negative taxis repelling NC from the neuroepithelium were proposed (Erickson, 1985, 1988; Erickson and Olivier, 1983; Sechrist et al., 1994) but remained unsupported or, in the case of negative taxis, were ruled out by experimental da ...
World of the Cell: Chapter 16
... (move anterograde) and dynein (move retrograde) • Molecular motors are able to convert chemical energy from ATP hydrolysis into mechanical work: they can “walk” along microtubules • Each motor has a globular head that connects to the microtubule, a long coiled coil region and a (globular) carg ...
... (move anterograde) and dynein (move retrograde) • Molecular motors are able to convert chemical energy from ATP hydrolysis into mechanical work: they can “walk” along microtubules • Each motor has a globular head that connects to the microtubule, a long coiled coil region and a (globular) carg ...
Cytokinesis in plant male meiosis
... Molecular Regulation of PMC Cytokinesis In contrast to somatic cytokinesis, little is yet known about the molecular mechanism(s) underlying meiotic cell plate formation. Most cytokinesis-defective mutants (e.g., hyd1, knolle, kor, keule) are seedling-lethal, impeding the analysis of putative meiosis ...
... Molecular Regulation of PMC Cytokinesis In contrast to somatic cytokinesis, little is yet known about the molecular mechanism(s) underlying meiotic cell plate formation. Most cytokinesis-defective mutants (e.g., hyd1, knolle, kor, keule) are seedling-lethal, impeding the analysis of putative meiosis ...
Bacterial Age
... or transform into the daughter cell immediately after division (reproduction). The relationship between the two cells formed by the division is of mother-daughter type, not the widely accepted twin-sister type. With these understandings, the bacterial age can be established on the true genealogical ...
... or transform into the daughter cell immediately after division (reproduction). The relationship between the two cells formed by the division is of mother-daughter type, not the widely accepted twin-sister type. With these understandings, the bacterial age can be established on the true genealogical ...
Immunity Cells Programmed by Mediators of Type 1 Nanotube
... DC migration and transportation of Ag to draining lymph nodes are critical for the initiation of CTL responses (1). This process also involves immune communication with a subset of lymph node– resident DC that possess an enhanced ability to cross-present Ag to CD8+ T cells (11, 12). Transfer of anti ...
... DC migration and transportation of Ag to draining lymph nodes are critical for the initiation of CTL responses (1). This process also involves immune communication with a subset of lymph node– resident DC that possess an enhanced ability to cross-present Ag to CD8+ T cells (11, 12). Transfer of anti ...
Dynamic Localization of the DNA Replication
... from reloading onto nascent DNA, as unauthorized loading can result in rereplication (Fujita et al., 1996; Tsuruga et al., 1997; Kearsey and Labib, 1998; Namdar and Kearsey, 2006). Distinct mechanisms have evolved to prevent MCM reloading during S phase in budding yeast and animals. In budding yeast ...
... from reloading onto nascent DNA, as unauthorized loading can result in rereplication (Fujita et al., 1996; Tsuruga et al., 1997; Kearsey and Labib, 1998; Namdar and Kearsey, 2006). Distinct mechanisms have evolved to prevent MCM reloading during S phase in budding yeast and animals. In budding yeast ...
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... which helps plants to survive through the winter by reducing water loss, reducing frost damage and avoiding fungal infections through damp leaves. Cytokinins stop the leaves of deciduous trees from senescing (ageing – turning brown and dying). They do this by making sure that the leaf acts as a sink ...
... which helps plants to survive through the winter by reducing water loss, reducing frost damage and avoiding fungal infections through damp leaves. Cytokinins stop the leaves of deciduous trees from senescing (ageing – turning brown and dying). They do this by making sure that the leaf acts as a sink ...
- Wiley Online Library
... inhibitors. Positive taxis attracting NC to specific locations and negative taxis repelling NC from the neuroepithelium were proposed (Erickson, 1985, 1988; Erickson and Olivier, 1983; Sechrist et al., 1994) but remained unsupported or, in the case of negative taxis, were ruled out by experimental da ...
... inhibitors. Positive taxis attracting NC to specific locations and negative taxis repelling NC from the neuroepithelium were proposed (Erickson, 1985, 1988; Erickson and Olivier, 1983; Sechrist et al., 1994) but remained unsupported or, in the case of negative taxis, were ruled out by experimental da ...
2. Archenteron Morphogenesis in the Sea Urchin
... Films of gastrulation show the dramatic sequence of filopodial extension and retraction exhibited by secondary mesenchyme cells (Fig. 5). Although it was shown experimentally that filopodial activity is not required for the first two-thirds of the extension of the archenteron (Hardin, 1988), complet ...
... Films of gastrulation show the dramatic sequence of filopodial extension and retraction exhibited by secondary mesenchyme cells (Fig. 5). Although it was shown experimentally that filopodial activity is not required for the first two-thirds of the extension of the archenteron (Hardin, 1988), complet ...
The roles of microtubules in tropisms
... elongating and swell by expanding radially (see refs. [47–53] for examples). In addition, there are several mutations that alter cortical microtubule organization and plants with these mutations have defects in the control of directional cell elongation. For example, microtubules become very short a ...
... elongating and swell by expanding radially (see refs. [47–53] for examples). In addition, there are several mutations that alter cortical microtubule organization and plants with these mutations have defects in the control of directional cell elongation. For example, microtubules become very short a ...
Endocytosis-like protein uptake in the bacterium Gemmata
... previously raised against G. obscuriglobus gp4978 (23). In our study this anti-gp4978 antibody reacted with vesicle-like structures within the paryphoplasm (Fig. 3D). In some cases, gp4978-reactive material was associated with cytoplasmic membranes apparently in the first stages of membrane invaginat ...
... previously raised against G. obscuriglobus gp4978 (23). In our study this anti-gp4978 antibody reacted with vesicle-like structures within the paryphoplasm (Fig. 3D). In some cases, gp4978-reactive material was associated with cytoplasmic membranes apparently in the first stages of membrane invaginat ...
The zebrafish midblastula transition - Development
... Enveloping layer cells were excluded from this analysis because they did not completely round up during mitosis. ...
... Enveloping layer cells were excluded from this analysis because they did not completely round up during mitosis. ...
3rd WORKSHOP ON DENDRITIC CELL BIOLOGY
... 3rd WORKSHOP ON DENDRITIC CELL BIOLOGY – LABEX DCBIOL Institut Curie, Paris, March 13-15th, 2017 ...
... 3rd WORKSHOP ON DENDRITIC CELL BIOLOGY – LABEX DCBIOL Institut Curie, Paris, March 13-15th, 2017 ...
013368718X_CH20_313
... Prokaryotes reproduce asexually by binary fission, which results in two identical “daughter” cells. Many prokaryotes can form endospores when conditions are unfavorable in order to protect their DNA. They can also exchange genetic information by conjugation. ...
... Prokaryotes reproduce asexually by binary fission, which results in two identical “daughter” cells. Many prokaryotes can form endospores when conditions are unfavorable in order to protect their DNA. They can also exchange genetic information by conjugation. ...
Name
... Prokaryotes reproduce asexually by binary fission, which results in two identical “daughter” cells. Many prokaryotes can form endospores when conditions are unfavorable in order to protect their DNA. They can also exchange genetic information by conjugation. ...
... Prokaryotes reproduce asexually by binary fission, which results in two identical “daughter” cells. Many prokaryotes can form endospores when conditions are unfavorable in order to protect their DNA. They can also exchange genetic information by conjugation. ...
Different Roles for Tet1 and Tet2 Proteins in EGC Fusion
... Genomic imprinting directs the allele-specific marking and expression of loci according to their parental origin. Differential DNA methylation at imprinted control regions (ICRs) is established in gametes and, although largely preserved through development, can be experimentally reset by fusing soma ...
... Genomic imprinting directs the allele-specific marking and expression of loci according to their parental origin. Differential DNA methylation at imprinted control regions (ICRs) is established in gametes and, although largely preserved through development, can be experimentally reset by fusing soma ...
Aphidicolin-Induced Nuclear Elongation in Tobacco BY
... some tissues (Chytilova et al. 1999). While uniform-sized spherical nuclei were observed in the meristematic tissues, nuclei of various shapes and sizes were observed in the leaf epidermal and pavement cells. Highly elongated, almost rod-like nuclei were observed in elongated cells of the vascular t ...
... some tissues (Chytilova et al. 1999). While uniform-sized spherical nuclei were observed in the meristematic tissues, nuclei of various shapes and sizes were observed in the leaf epidermal and pavement cells. Highly elongated, almost rod-like nuclei were observed in elongated cells of the vascular t ...
Minireview
... Proteins encoded by the per genes contribute in various ways to the core clock mechanism. PER and CRY proteins interact in the cytoplasm and then enter the nucleus to inhibit CLOCK:BMAL1 activity and consequently the expression of the per genes, thereby constituting the primary autoregulatory feedba ...
... Proteins encoded by the per genes contribute in various ways to the core clock mechanism. PER and CRY proteins interact in the cytoplasm and then enter the nucleus to inhibit CLOCK:BMAL1 activity and consequently the expression of the per genes, thereby constituting the primary autoregulatory feedba ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.