The Sevenless signaling pathway
... the signal-providing R8 cell they are unable to adopt the R7 cell fate. Most importantly, in both approaches, R7 cell speci¢cation became sensitive to the gene dosage of rate-limiting components acting downstream of SEV. Hence, for a recessive lethal mutation, reducing the gene dose by half is su¤ci ...
... the signal-providing R8 cell they are unable to adopt the R7 cell fate. Most importantly, in both approaches, R7 cell speci¢cation became sensitive to the gene dosage of rate-limiting components acting downstream of SEV. Hence, for a recessive lethal mutation, reducing the gene dose by half is su¤ci ...
Osmosis and Diffusion Passive Transport
... • contain a high concentration of solute (less water) • When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the water diffuses out of the cell, causing the cell to shrivel ...
... • contain a high concentration of solute (less water) • When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the water diffuses out of the cell, causing the cell to shrivel ...
Chapter 20: Protists
... • Protist- any organism that is not a plant, animal, fungus, or prokaryote. • Protists are eukaryotes, and most are unicellular. • The first eukaryotic organisms on Earth were protists (1.5 billion years ago). ...
... • Protist- any organism that is not a plant, animal, fungus, or prokaryote. • Protists are eukaryotes, and most are unicellular. • The first eukaryotic organisms on Earth were protists (1.5 billion years ago). ...
Autophagy in Stem Cell Maintenance and Differentiation
... Mechanisms of cellular homeostasis are important for preventing cellular injuries that could lead to impaired cellular function and ultimately cell death. One of those mechanisms is macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy), a lysosome-dependent degradation pathway that allows the recycling of dam ...
... Mechanisms of cellular homeostasis are important for preventing cellular injuries that could lead to impaired cellular function and ultimately cell death. One of those mechanisms is macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy), a lysosome-dependent degradation pathway that allows the recycling of dam ...
Alteration of the Cytoplasmic Domain of the Membrane
... an ectoplasmic domain with two N-linked sugar groups, a transmembrane segment (anchor) and a 31-amino acid cytoplasmic domain (tail). During infection all of the structural proteins of SFV (capsid-p62-E1) are derived from a polyprotein precursor through co-translational cleavage events (Garoff et al ...
... an ectoplasmic domain with two N-linked sugar groups, a transmembrane segment (anchor) and a 31-amino acid cytoplasmic domain (tail). During infection all of the structural proteins of SFV (capsid-p62-E1) are derived from a polyprotein precursor through co-translational cleavage events (Garoff et al ...
Origin and shaping of the laterality organ in zebrafish - MPI
... A surface plane through an embryo at 50% epiboly shows that presumptive DFCs (asterisks) are partially positioned underneath the EVL (A). Clear enrichment of aPKC-ζ is found at the contact point between one of the DFCs and the overlying EVL (A,A⬘; arrowheads). At 75% epiboly, the EVL completely cove ...
... A surface plane through an embryo at 50% epiboly shows that presumptive DFCs (asterisks) are partially positioned underneath the EVL (A). Clear enrichment of aPKC-ζ is found at the contact point between one of the DFCs and the overlying EVL (A,A⬘; arrowheads). At 75% epiboly, the EVL completely cove ...
The Bacterial Cell Wall. The Result of Adsorption
... upon cells of the penicillins which inhibit their formation (cf. Rogers, 19623, for review). It has also been shown that cytidine diphosphoribitol accumulates as well as presumed mucopeptide precursors when staphylococci are treated with penicillin (Clark, Glover & Mathias, 1959; Saukkonen, 1961). I ...
... upon cells of the penicillins which inhibit their formation (cf. Rogers, 19623, for review). It has also been shown that cytidine diphosphoribitol accumulates as well as presumed mucopeptide precursors when staphylococci are treated with penicillin (Clark, Glover & Mathias, 1959; Saukkonen, 1961). I ...
The Bacterial Cell Wall. The Result of Adsorption
... upon cells of the penicillins which inhibit their formation (cf. Rogers, 19623, for review). It has also been shown that cytidine diphosphoribitol accumulates as well as presumed mucopeptide precursors when staphylococci are treated with penicillin (Clark, Glover & Mathias, 1959; Saukkonen, 1961). I ...
... upon cells of the penicillins which inhibit their formation (cf. Rogers, 19623, for review). It has also been shown that cytidine diphosphoribitol accumulates as well as presumed mucopeptide precursors when staphylococci are treated with penicillin (Clark, Glover & Mathias, 1959; Saukkonen, 1961). I ...
Asymmetric Behavior in Stem Cells
... phenotype, whereas the other daughter cell is a differentiated or committed cell type. Asymmetry in the phenotype of the daughter cells can occur in theory from two different mechanisms. First, there may be directed or random events occurring within the cytoplasm that result in asymmetric partitioni ...
... phenotype, whereas the other daughter cell is a differentiated or committed cell type. Asymmetry in the phenotype of the daughter cells can occur in theory from two different mechanisms. First, there may be directed or random events occurring within the cytoplasm that result in asymmetric partitioni ...
Accurate Cell Division in E. Coli: How Does a Bacterium Know
... • All have common basis: oscillations result from a dynamical instability resulting from intrinsic interactions of Min proteins Howard & Kruse: JCB (2005) Kruse, Howard & Margolin: Mol. Microbiol. (2007) ...
... • All have common basis: oscillations result from a dynamical instability resulting from intrinsic interactions of Min proteins Howard & Kruse: JCB (2005) Kruse, Howard & Margolin: Mol. Microbiol. (2007) ...
Intersections of lung progenitor cells, lung disease and lung cancer
... maintained in culture; tissue bits were kept intact so that connective tissue, epithelia and stroma were represented in the culture [11]. Today’s organoid co-cultures may perhaps be thought of as organotypic in comparison: by mixing various cell types such as epithelial cells and stroma with a subst ...
... maintained in culture; tissue bits were kept intact so that connective tissue, epithelia and stroma were represented in the culture [11]. Today’s organoid co-cultures may perhaps be thought of as organotypic in comparison: by mixing various cell types such as epithelial cells and stroma with a subst ...
Transport Across Membranes
... Cells and Osmosis. The concentration of the solution that surrounds a cell will affect the state of the cell, due to osmosis. There are three possible concentrations of solution to consider: ...
... Cells and Osmosis. The concentration of the solution that surrounds a cell will affect the state of the cell, due to osmosis. There are three possible concentrations of solution to consider: ...
Heat shock results in cell cycle delay and synchronisation of mitotic
... substantial proportion of cells from the rest of the embryo appeared to be in metaphase and anaphase. These dividing cells correspond to those domains delayed in interphase by the heat shock, together with cells in domains showing their correct temporal sequence of divisions. Consequently, most of t ...
... substantial proportion of cells from the rest of the embryo appeared to be in metaphase and anaphase. These dividing cells correspond to those domains delayed in interphase by the heat shock, together with cells in domains showing their correct temporal sequence of divisions. Consequently, most of t ...
Large Scale Dimethyl Histone H3 Lysine-9 Blocks
... regions are evolutionarily conserved, G9a-dependent, and linked to changes in gene expression in a tissue-specific manner, and they are substantially lost in human cancer cell lines. These results have important implications for the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. While organization of the ...
... regions are evolutionarily conserved, G9a-dependent, and linked to changes in gene expression in a tissue-specific manner, and they are substantially lost in human cancer cell lines. These results have important implications for the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. While organization of the ...
Avoidance of Four-way Junctions and
... the planes in which the founding cells divide. Organized growth implies organized division planes and this reduces to the way in which the new cross wall is aligned across the dividing cell. There are few clues concerning alignment of the division plane. A major landmark was Sinnott and Bloch's (194 ...
... the planes in which the founding cells divide. Organized growth implies organized division planes and this reduces to the way in which the new cross wall is aligned across the dividing cell. There are few clues concerning alignment of the division plane. A major landmark was Sinnott and Bloch's (194 ...
Study Guide for Chapter 1 Test
... o Identify the 3 components of the cell theory and explain what the cell theory is o Distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes Sec 7-2 o Label the parts of an animal cell and a plant cell o Identify the structure and function of all cell organelles o Identify the differences between plant cells ...
... o Identify the 3 components of the cell theory and explain what the cell theory is o Distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes Sec 7-2 o Label the parts of an animal cell and a plant cell o Identify the structure and function of all cell organelles o Identify the differences between plant cells ...
Resistance of cell membranes to different detergents - MPI
... lipids. Such diversity would be unnecessary if lipid bilayers served only as hydrophobic barriers and homogeneous twodimensional solvents for membrane proteins. As is now increasingly appreciated, membranes show extensive lipid-driven compartmentalization, giving rise to distinct membrane domains. T ...
... lipids. Such diversity would be unnecessary if lipid bilayers served only as hydrophobic barriers and homogeneous twodimensional solvents for membrane proteins. As is now increasingly appreciated, membranes show extensive lipid-driven compartmentalization, giving rise to distinct membrane domains. T ...
File
... http://ucdbiotech.wordpress.com/2009/10/13/be-on-the-alert-the-first-ever-gammaretrovirus-capable-of-infecting-human-hosts-has-been-identified ...
... http://ucdbiotech.wordpress.com/2009/10/13/be-on-the-alert-the-first-ever-gammaretrovirus-capable-of-infecting-human-hosts-has-been-identified ...
Introduction: spatial origin of murine hematopoietic stem cells
... colonized with hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells at the 28 somite pair (sp) stage of murine development.4,5 By E12 the liver is the predominant site of hematopoiesis. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the rodent fetal liver subsequently migrate to the bone marrow and contribute to lifelong he ...
... colonized with hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells at the 28 somite pair (sp) stage of murine development.4,5 By E12 the liver is the predominant site of hematopoiesis. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the rodent fetal liver subsequently migrate to the bone marrow and contribute to lifelong he ...
a complexity drain on cells in the evolution of
... A second rationale is that selection on a multicellular entity favors a reduction in the range of behavioral possibilities in its component cells. To play its proper role, a cell must not only behave appropriately, it must be constrained from behaving inappropriately. One way to eliminate inappropri ...
... A second rationale is that selection on a multicellular entity favors a reduction in the range of behavioral possibilities in its component cells. To play its proper role, a cell must not only behave appropriately, it must be constrained from behaving inappropriately. One way to eliminate inappropri ...
Organogenesis I: Somites and Limb Formation
... -How do inductive interactions control their identity? 2) Morphogenesis -Where do cells for an organ come from and how do they get to the site of organ formation? -How do different cell types recognize one another? (Adhesion, signaling) -How does individual cell shape contribute to tissue shape and ...
... -How do inductive interactions control their identity? 2) Morphogenesis -Where do cells for an organ come from and how do they get to the site of organ formation? -How do different cell types recognize one another? (Adhesion, signaling) -How does individual cell shape contribute to tissue shape and ...
Mesoderm induction in Xenopus laevis:responding
... Xenopus animal pole regions (Rosa et al. 1988a). If, as suggested above, mesoderm is formed after culture of disaggregated blastomeres in a heap because their close proximity allows them to pass MIFs to each other, we should expect that culture of dispersed cells in exogenous MIF would have the same ...
... Xenopus animal pole regions (Rosa et al. 1988a). If, as suggested above, mesoderm is formed after culture of disaggregated blastomeres in a heap because their close proximity allows them to pass MIFs to each other, we should expect that culture of dispersed cells in exogenous MIF would have the same ...
Surviving apoptosis: life–death signaling in single cells
... agent, counter-balancing adaptive pathways may become activated to varying degrees in individual cells in a population, protecting against a future death stimulus (Figure 1D). Thus, the choice of a cell between life and death can be a function of both external context (e.g., signals from other ligan ...
... agent, counter-balancing adaptive pathways may become activated to varying degrees in individual cells in a population, protecting against a future death stimulus (Figure 1D). Thus, the choice of a cell between life and death can be a function of both external context (e.g., signals from other ligan ...
Convergence and extension at gastrulation require a
... that MHC-B protein is predominantly localized in the dorsal axis in tailbud-stage embryos, where it is found in the notochord and somites, as well as in the developing eye, brain and branchial arches (Fig. 1A). In confocal section, the somites of a late-neurula-stage embryo were strongly outlined, i ...
... that MHC-B protein is predominantly localized in the dorsal axis in tailbud-stage embryos, where it is found in the notochord and somites, as well as in the developing eye, brain and branchial arches (Fig. 1A). In confocal section, the somites of a late-neurula-stage embryo were strongly outlined, i ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.