Cell surface mechanics and the control of cell shape, tissue patterns
... Compartments are immiscible groups of cells that are separated by a smooth tissue boundary. Compartments were discovered more than 30 years ago in the Drosophila melanogaster93 wing imaginal discs (and, later, in embryos) through the observation that clones of cells would grow with wiggly borders bu ...
... Compartments are immiscible groups of cells that are separated by a smooth tissue boundary. Compartments were discovered more than 30 years ago in the Drosophila melanogaster93 wing imaginal discs (and, later, in embryos) through the observation that clones of cells would grow with wiggly borders bu ...
Symmetry, asymmetry, and the cell cycle in plants: known knowns
... neighbouring cells and environmental signals, or of intrinsic cell factors that are inherited unequally. The latter type of asymmetric cell divisions require that organelles and other intracellular components are organized in an asymmetric manner in the mother cell (Horvitz and Herskowitz, 1992; Pet ...
... neighbouring cells and environmental signals, or of intrinsic cell factors that are inherited unequally. The latter type of asymmetric cell divisions require that organelles and other intracellular components are organized in an asymmetric manner in the mother cell (Horvitz and Herskowitz, 1992; Pet ...
Exploring Bioinorganic Pattern Formation in Diatoms. A Story of
... also tightly bound to silica and can only be removed from diatom cell walls following the solubilization of silica with hydrogen fluoride. Pleuralins are encoded by a small multigene family and are characterized by the presence of repeated amino acid motifs. It is interesting that the localization o ...
... also tightly bound to silica and can only be removed from diatom cell walls following the solubilization of silica with hydrogen fluoride. Pleuralins are encoded by a small multigene family and are characterized by the presence of repeated amino acid motifs. It is interesting that the localization o ...
PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH IN PLANT DISEASE
... Suicide, in human terms, is intellectually difficult to accept and generally viewed as impulsive or irrational and inconsistent with balanced behavior. Suicide in cellular terms, however, is exactly the converse: it is pervasive, organized, rational, and leads to organismal balance, both in developm ...
... Suicide, in human terms, is intellectually difficult to accept and generally viewed as impulsive or irrational and inconsistent with balanced behavior. Suicide in cellular terms, however, is exactly the converse: it is pervasive, organized, rational, and leads to organismal balance, both in developm ...
Photolabeling of Proteins and Cells
... molecules across the nuclear envelope and into the cytoplasm, resulting in their equilibration throughout the cell in a matter of minutes (Fig. 3, B and C, and movie S1). A similar rapid equilibration of fluorescent PAGFP molecules between cytoplasm and nucleus was observed when the cytoplasm was ph ...
... molecules across the nuclear envelope and into the cytoplasm, resulting in their equilibration throughout the cell in a matter of minutes (Fig. 3, B and C, and movie S1). A similar rapid equilibration of fluorescent PAGFP molecules between cytoplasm and nucleus was observed when the cytoplasm was ph ...
Functional Complexity Associated with the EspB Molecule of
... bacterial outer membrane protein A (OmpA) was not detected in these samples, the possibility of intact bacteria contaminated in this fraction was excluded (data not shown). Thus, a positive detection represented a proper translocation. The same set of truncated EspB constructs seen in the membrane ...
... bacterial outer membrane protein A (OmpA) was not detected in these samples, the possibility of intact bacteria contaminated in this fraction was excluded (data not shown). Thus, a positive detection represented a proper translocation. The same set of truncated EspB constructs seen in the membrane ...
Role of Silicon in Diatom Metabolism. Messenger
... occurred between mid-S phase and cell separation in both synchronies, they are apparently cell cycle stage-specific. Before their increase, these polypeptides were below the level of detection with silver stain and thus represented less than 0.01 % of the soluble protein. Comparison of the maximum s ...
... occurred between mid-S phase and cell separation in both synchronies, they are apparently cell cycle stage-specific. Before their increase, these polypeptides were below the level of detection with silver stain and thus represented less than 0.01 % of the soluble protein. Comparison of the maximum s ...
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... cell divisions, during which the emerging tissues are specified and patterned (Fig. 1). Thus far, our knowledge of embryonic cell division patterns and shape has come mostly from studies using (optical) two-dimensional (2D) sections (Mansfield and Briarty, 1991; Jürgens and Mayer, 1994; Scheres et a ...
... cell divisions, during which the emerging tissues are specified and patterned (Fig. 1). Thus far, our knowledge of embryonic cell division patterns and shape has come mostly from studies using (optical) two-dimensional (2D) sections (Mansfield and Briarty, 1991; Jürgens and Mayer, 1994; Scheres et a ...
Cytosolic DNA Triggers Mitochondrial Apoptosis via DNA Damage
... or synthetic DNA by either transfection or infection can induce cell death in cells of both myeloid and nonmyeloid origin. To investigate the timing of cell death and to collect more basic information on what type of cell death is observed in nonmyeloid cells, we stimulated 1205 Lu cells with poly d ...
... or synthetic DNA by either transfection or infection can induce cell death in cells of both myeloid and nonmyeloid origin. To investigate the timing of cell death and to collect more basic information on what type of cell death is observed in nonmyeloid cells, we stimulated 1205 Lu cells with poly d ...
Composition of the plant nuclear envelope: theme and variations
... involved in the nuclear import of constitutive photomorphogenic 1 (COP1), a repressor of photomorphogenesis (Jiang et al., 2001). The above-mentioned mutant in an Arabidopsis impa with specific effects on plant defence also indicates a yet to be discovered functional specificity of the plant adaptor ...
... involved in the nuclear import of constitutive photomorphogenic 1 (COP1), a repressor of photomorphogenesis (Jiang et al., 2001). The above-mentioned mutant in an Arabidopsis impa with specific effects on plant defence also indicates a yet to be discovered functional specificity of the plant adaptor ...
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e
... A. Answer a is incorrect. All prokaryotic cells have a cell wall. The chemical nature of the wall varies, especially between archaeal cells and bacterial cells, but the wall is there. The correct answer is c— B. Answer b is incorrect. All cells, prokaryotic or eukaryotic, must have plasma membrane. ...
... A. Answer a is incorrect. All prokaryotic cells have a cell wall. The chemical nature of the wall varies, especially between archaeal cells and bacterial cells, but the wall is there. The correct answer is c— B. Answer b is incorrect. All cells, prokaryotic or eukaryotic, must have plasma membrane. ...
Nondestructive Manipulation of Single Live Plant Cell by Laser
... manipulation which is impossible only by conventional cell manipulation, for example illustration in Fig. 1, where it is supported that single cell manipulation in tissue is performed by combining the shockwave manipulation with laser trapping. In this paper, single cell manipulation using the shock ...
... manipulation which is impossible only by conventional cell manipulation, for example illustration in Fig. 1, where it is supported that single cell manipulation in tissue is performed by combining the shockwave manipulation with laser trapping. In this paper, single cell manipulation using the shock ...
Biology I Syllabus
... Explain the influence of other scientists and of Darwin’s trips on the H.M.S Beagle? Provide examples of behaviors that have evolved through natural selection? Design, perform and analyze a laboratory simulation of natural selection on a working ...
... Explain the influence of other scientists and of Darwin’s trips on the H.M.S Beagle? Provide examples of behaviors that have evolved through natural selection? Design, perform and analyze a laboratory simulation of natural selection on a working ...
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e Chapter 04
... A. Answer a is incorrect. All prokaryotic cells have a cell wall. The chemical nature of the wall varies, especially between archaeal cells and bacterial cells, but the wall is there. The correct answer is c— B. Answer b is incorrect. All cells, prokaryotic or eukaryotic, must have plasma membrane. ...
... A. Answer a is incorrect. All prokaryotic cells have a cell wall. The chemical nature of the wall varies, especially between archaeal cells and bacterial cells, but the wall is there. The correct answer is c— B. Answer b is incorrect. All cells, prokaryotic or eukaryotic, must have plasma membrane. ...
Light Chain λ and Ig κ Immature B Cell Stage in Mice Without Ig
... Ig expression leads to reduced signal transducer activity, which can arrest B cell maturation (26). H chain, synthesized before L chain, is chaperoned and retained in the cytoplasm, but if L chain association fails, single H chains, unlike L chains, undergo rapid intracellular degradation as a resu ...
... Ig expression leads to reduced signal transducer activity, which can arrest B cell maturation (26). H chain, synthesized before L chain, is chaperoned and retained in the cytoplasm, but if L chain association fails, single H chains, unlike L chains, undergo rapid intracellular degradation as a resu ...
Macromomycin, an Inhibitor of the Membrane Function of Tumor Cells
... freed from the medium and treated with 0.1 M citric acid at 37° for 1 hr. Cell nuclei were stained with crystal violet (0.05%) in 0.1 M citric acid solution and counted in a hemocytometer. Yoshida sarcoma cells were counted directly as intact cells. Dead cells were estimated by staining with nigros ...
... freed from the medium and treated with 0.1 M citric acid at 37° for 1 hr. Cell nuclei were stained with crystal violet (0.05%) in 0.1 M citric acid solution and counted in a hemocytometer. Yoshida sarcoma cells were counted directly as intact cells. Dead cells were estimated by staining with nigros ...
Show and tell: cell biology of pathogen invasion
... Examples of the confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging of various fluorescently tagged organelles and proteins to monitor dynamic subcellular responses to pathogen attack. (a) Conventional trypan blue staining and bright-field microscopy provide limited resolution of the haustorial complex (H, a ...
... Examples of the confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging of various fluorescently tagged organelles and proteins to monitor dynamic subcellular responses to pathogen attack. (a) Conventional trypan blue staining and bright-field microscopy provide limited resolution of the haustorial complex (H, a ...
Quantitative analysis of changes in spatial distribution and plus
... proportion of yellow dots associated with the solid phragmoplast cell-plate assembly matrix (Fig. 3B) illustrates that the association of a microtubule plus end with the cellplate assembly matrix increases its probability of becoming blunt ended. The proportion of blunt-ended microtubules in this sa ...
... proportion of yellow dots associated with the solid phragmoplast cell-plate assembly matrix (Fig. 3B) illustrates that the association of a microtubule plus end with the cellplate assembly matrix increases its probability of becoming blunt ended. The proportion of blunt-ended microtubules in this sa ...
Designing cell lines for viral vaccine production: where do we stand?
... further passages with different reference numbers were deposited at the cell culture ...
... further passages with different reference numbers were deposited at the cell culture ...
Molecular cloning, sequence analysis, and function of the intestinal
... ABSTRACT: In the present work, we cloned the fulllength cDNA of the pig Bmi1 gene (BMI1 polycomb ring finger oncogene), which has been indicated as an intestinal epithelial stem cell (IESC) marker in other mammals. This paper provides the first report of the function of Bmi1 in pig intestinal epithe ...
... ABSTRACT: In the present work, we cloned the fulllength cDNA of the pig Bmi1 gene (BMI1 polycomb ring finger oncogene), which has been indicated as an intestinal epithelial stem cell (IESC) marker in other mammals. This paper provides the first report of the function of Bmi1 in pig intestinal epithe ...
Global impact of Salmonella type III secretion effector SteA on host
... extracellular matrix (COL15A1, CTGF, EFEMP1, FURIN, LUM, SDC2, TGFB1), and cell migration (CAV1,CTGF, MYH10, SLC7A11, TGFB1, TNS1) (Table 1). To test these ideas we investigated adhesion and migration of steA-transfected cells. Interestingly, although adhesion to plastic substrate or extracellular m ...
... extracellular matrix (COL15A1, CTGF, EFEMP1, FURIN, LUM, SDC2, TGFB1), and cell migration (CAV1,CTGF, MYH10, SLC7A11, TGFB1, TNS1) (Table 1). To test these ideas we investigated adhesion and migration of steA-transfected cells. Interestingly, although adhesion to plastic substrate or extracellular m ...
An lmmunohistochemical and Quantitative Examination of Dorsal
... although it should be borne in mind that it is not the only one to have been proposed (see Lieberman, 1976, for review). More importantly, the functional significance of this histological classification is not known. Various physiological parameters such as conduction velocity, modality, and adaptat ...
... although it should be borne in mind that it is not the only one to have been proposed (see Lieberman, 1976, for review). More importantly, the functional significance of this histological classification is not known. Various physiological parameters such as conduction velocity, modality, and adaptat ...
RNA Processing Bodies, Peroxisomes, Golgi Bodies, Mitochondria
... by the cytoskeleton. In plants, actin filaments sustain the long-distance transport of many types of organelles, and microtubules typically fine-tune the motile behavior. In shoot epidermal cells of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, we show here that a type of RNA granule, the RNA processing body (P-b ...
... by the cytoskeleton. In plants, actin filaments sustain the long-distance transport of many types of organelles, and microtubules typically fine-tune the motile behavior. In shoot epidermal cells of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, we show here that a type of RNA granule, the RNA processing body (P-b ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.