Aphidicolin-Induced Nuclear Elongation in Tobacco BY
... some tissues (Chytilova et al. 1999). While uniform-sized spherical nuclei were observed in the meristematic tissues, nuclei of various shapes and sizes were observed in the leaf epidermal and pavement cells. Highly elongated, almost rod-like nuclei were observed in elongated cells of the vascular t ...
... some tissues (Chytilova et al. 1999). While uniform-sized spherical nuclei were observed in the meristematic tissues, nuclei of various shapes and sizes were observed in the leaf epidermal and pavement cells. Highly elongated, almost rod-like nuclei were observed in elongated cells of the vascular t ...
Minireview
... Proteins encoded by the per genes contribute in various ways to the core clock mechanism. PER and CRY proteins interact in the cytoplasm and then enter the nucleus to inhibit CLOCK:BMAL1 activity and consequently the expression of the per genes, thereby constituting the primary autoregulatory feedba ...
... Proteins encoded by the per genes contribute in various ways to the core clock mechanism. PER and CRY proteins interact in the cytoplasm and then enter the nucleus to inhibit CLOCK:BMAL1 activity and consequently the expression of the per genes, thereby constituting the primary autoregulatory feedba ...
Chapter 3: Movement Of Substances Across the Substances
... (a)The following information is about plasma membrane. The plasma membrane is semi-permeable and allows certain substances to move across. Based on the above statement, describe how an amino acid molecule is transported across the plasma membrane into the cell. P1-Amino acid is a large water soluble ...
... (a)The following information is about plasma membrane. The plasma membrane is semi-permeable and allows certain substances to move across. Based on the above statement, describe how an amino acid molecule is transported across the plasma membrane into the cell. P1-Amino acid is a large water soluble ...
Quantitative Changes in Microtubule Distribution Correlate with
... guard cells with open and closed stomata in paired sets using identical image acquisition settings on each day of acquisition. To account for changes in day-to-day instrument performance (primarily optical alignment of the excitation pathway), results were normalized for each set of daily results by ...
... guard cells with open and closed stomata in paired sets using identical image acquisition settings on each day of acquisition. To account for changes in day-to-day instrument performance (primarily optical alignment of the excitation pathway), results were normalized for each set of daily results by ...
Effects of N: P atomic ratios and nitrate limitation on algal growth, cell
... 1958; Ryther and Dunstan 1971), I found the optimal cellular N:P of Scenedesmus sp. to be 30; the ratio may vary from species to species. Baule (1918), Verduin (1964), and Droop (1973) suggested that growth during such transitions was controlled in a multiplicative manner. Later, however, Droop (197 ...
... 1958; Ryther and Dunstan 1971), I found the optimal cellular N:P of Scenedesmus sp. to be 30; the ratio may vary from species to species. Baule (1918), Verduin (1964), and Droop (1973) suggested that growth during such transitions was controlled in a multiplicative manner. Later, however, Droop (197 ...
The AtRAD51C Gene Is Required for Normal Meiotic Chromosome
... large number of chromosomal entities was detected beginning at approximately diakinesis, suggesting that some DSBs were not repaired and subsequently were manifest as broken chromosomes. The chromosome fragments became more obvious at metaphase II, when they are highly condensed (atrad51c-1, an aver ...
... large number of chromosomal entities was detected beginning at approximately diakinesis, suggesting that some DSBs were not repaired and subsequently were manifest as broken chromosomes. The chromosome fragments became more obvious at metaphase II, when they are highly condensed (atrad51c-1, an aver ...
Rotation of Cells and Ion Exchange Beads in the MHz
... field. Most of the experiments were perform ed on Chelex beads (diam eter about 50 |im). Chelex beads are made up of polystyrene cross-linked with divinylbenzene and coupled to im inodiacetic acid. The sodium-form (which is strongly dissociated) as well as the C a2+- and C u2+-forms were studied. Th ...
... field. Most of the experiments were perform ed on Chelex beads (diam eter about 50 |im). Chelex beads are made up of polystyrene cross-linked with divinylbenzene and coupled to im inodiacetic acid. The sodium-form (which is strongly dissociated) as well as the C a2+- and C u2+-forms were studied. Th ...
Electron Microscopic Observations on the Excretion of Cell
... mostly had a dimension between 1 0 0 and 200A and were presumably ribosomes. Although dense populations of these granules frequently resisted elucidation as to the nature of their disposition in the bacterial cytoplasm, evidence was obtained which indicated that the granules were frequently intercon ...
... mostly had a dimension between 1 0 0 and 200A and were presumably ribosomes. Although dense populations of these granules frequently resisted elucidation as to the nature of their disposition in the bacterial cytoplasm, evidence was obtained which indicated that the granules were frequently intercon ...
primary active transport
... Reabsorption of Salt and Water Most of the salt and water filtered from the blood is returned to the blood through the wall of the proximal tubule. The reabsorption of water occurs by osmosis, in which water follows the transport of NaCl from the tubule into the surrounding capillaries. Most of the ...
... Reabsorption of Salt and Water Most of the salt and water filtered from the blood is returned to the blood through the wall of the proximal tubule. The reabsorption of water occurs by osmosis, in which water follows the transport of NaCl from the tubule into the surrounding capillaries. Most of the ...
THE GENE THE EVIDENCE OF THE NUCLEOPROTEIN NATURE OF
... in sperm nuclei, relatively simple substances that we now know as thymonucleic acid and protamines, might be the material basis of heredity, if the possibilities of isomerism were kept in mind. The apparent simplicity of these substances was later to be stressed (see Matthews, 1915, for example), an ...
... in sperm nuclei, relatively simple substances that we now know as thymonucleic acid and protamines, might be the material basis of heredity, if the possibilities of isomerism were kept in mind. The apparent simplicity of these substances was later to be stressed (see Matthews, 1915, for example), an ...
Gene transcription is coordinated with, but not dependent on, cell
... between the last cell division and the next division based on its cell count. We considered all embryos from a sample within an interval, equally spaced them in time and ordered them as increasing or decreasing, or randomly, based on their expression level and depending on which behavior we assumed ...
... between the last cell division and the next division based on its cell count. We considered all embryos from a sample within an interval, equally spaced them in time and ordered them as increasing or decreasing, or randomly, based on their expression level and depending on which behavior we assumed ...
Signalling in Plant Lateral Organ Development
... the case of the leaf mesophyll layers, these initials usually involve two distinct cell lineages (the L2 and L3 layers of the SAM; Figure 2), suggesting that cell–cell interactions are involved in specifying their fate as mesophyll initials. Similarly, rare periclinal division within the L1 layer of ...
... the case of the leaf mesophyll layers, these initials usually involve two distinct cell lineages (the L2 and L3 layers of the SAM; Figure 2), suggesting that cell–cell interactions are involved in specifying their fate as mesophyll initials. Similarly, rare periclinal division within the L1 layer of ...
STAINING
... method uses heat as part of the staining process, whereas the K method is a ―cold‖ stain. In both protocols, the bacterial smear may be prepared in a drop of serum to help the ―slippery‖ The waxy wall .acidfast cells adhere to the slide. The two methods provide comparable results of acid-fast cells ...
... method uses heat as part of the staining process, whereas the K method is a ―cold‖ stain. In both protocols, the bacterial smear may be prepared in a drop of serum to help the ―slippery‖ The waxy wall .acidfast cells adhere to the slide. The two methods provide comparable results of acid-fast cells ...
Chapter 3 ppt A
... • Elements of the cytoskeleton (cell's internal supports) and the extracellular matrix (fibers and other substances outside the cell) may anchor to membrane proteins, which helps maintain cell shape and fix the location of certain membrane proteins. • Others play a role in cell movement or bind adja ...
... • Elements of the cytoskeleton (cell's internal supports) and the extracellular matrix (fibers and other substances outside the cell) may anchor to membrane proteins, which helps maintain cell shape and fix the location of certain membrane proteins. • Others play a role in cell movement or bind adja ...
Fission yeast Myo51 is a meiotic spindle pole body component with
... chromosomes go through two rounds of chromosome segregation (Hagan and Yanagida, 1992) before the onset of sporulation, when spore walls form around each of the four haploid nuclei in an actindependent process (Petersen et al., 1998b). Myosins are actin-associated motor proteins that have been shown ...
... chromosomes go through two rounds of chromosome segregation (Hagan and Yanagida, 1992) before the onset of sporulation, when spore walls form around each of the four haploid nuclei in an actindependent process (Petersen et al., 1998b). Myosins are actin-associated motor proteins that have been shown ...
Identification of Bacteria
... species. Bacteria come in a number of shapes. Most, however, are cocci (round), bacilli (rod-shaped), or spirilla (spirals). The way these individual cells are arranged is also variable among bacterial species. Although some species exist singularly, bacteria can be linked together in a long chain ( ...
... species. Bacteria come in a number of shapes. Most, however, are cocci (round), bacilli (rod-shaped), or spirilla (spirals). The way these individual cells are arranged is also variable among bacterial species. Although some species exist singularly, bacteria can be linked together in a long chain ( ...
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which chromosomes in a cell nucleus are separated into two identical sets of chromosomes, each in its own nucleus. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. Mitosis and cytokinesis together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells, genetically identical to each other and to their parent cell.The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next. These stages are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the chromosomes, which have already duplicated, condense and attach to fibers that pull one copy of each chromosome to opposite sides of the cell. The result is two genetically identical daughter nuclei. The cell may then divide by cytokinesis to produce two daughter cells. Producing three or more daughter cells instead of normal two is a mitotic error called tripolar mitosis or multipolar mitosis (direct cell triplication / multiplication). Other errors during mitosis can induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) or cause mutations. Certain types of cancer can arise from such mutations.Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells and the process varies in different organisms. For example, animals undergo an ""open"" mitosis, where the nuclear envelope breaks down before the chromosomes separate, while fungi undergo a ""closed"" mitosis, where chromosomes divide within an intact cell nucleus. Furthermore, most animal cells undergo a shape change, known as mitotic cell rounding, to adopt a near spherical morphology at the start of mitosis. Prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus, divide by a different process called binary fission.