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THE ASPIRIN – THE FIRST DRUG OBTAINED BY SINTHESYS
THE ASPIRIN – THE FIRST DRUG OBTAINED BY SINTHESYS

... elderly people and women have higher hemorrhagic risk but this predisposition is not influencing alone the personal safety when administering aspirin. The association with other drugs (statins and anti thrombosis drugs) can decrease the risk of cardiovascular events. The benefits of associating aspi ...
Spina Bifida and Genetic Risk
Spina Bifida and Genetic Risk

quant - eweb.furman.edu
quant - eweb.furman.edu

... Some social psychologists beileve that we can determine “heritability” or “genetic contribution” to a triat by examining the degree of similarity between ‘monozygotic’ (identical) and ‘dizygotic’ (fraternal) twins. If twins are reared apart (so that the environments are presumed to be randomized and ...
Hydrogels: Introduction, Preparation, Characterization and
Hydrogels: Introduction, Preparation, Characterization and

... Indeed, the benefits of hydrogels for drug delivery may be largely pharmacokinetic – specifically that a depot formulation is created from which drugs elute slowly, maintaining a high local concentration of drug in the surrounding tissues over an extended period of time, although they can also be us ...
Phenytoin vs fosphenytoin
Phenytoin vs fosphenytoin

... Loading doses of both phenytoin and fosphenytoin require dilution prior to intravenous administration (4, 7). Injectable phenytoin is compatible only with 0.9% saline and should be infused through an in-line filter because of its potential to precipitate at physiologic pH. Also, as a result of the ...
National Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (NCNN
National Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (NCNN

... Administration and therapeutic effectiveness of drugs is limited by several tribulations such as solubility, instability, targeting and side-effects which hoist health concerns for a long time. Nanomaterials have revolutionized this era and have all solutions of emerging troubles. Engineered Carbon ...
Disease and Trait Information for IDB Genotyped Animals in
Disease and Trait Information for IDB Genotyped Animals in

... The cattle genome has approximate 3 billion DNA bases, the same number as found in the human genome. To help store all this information DNA are packaged in chromosomes. These chromosomes can be broken down into 3 categories: autosomes, sex determining chromosomes- X and Y, and mitochondria. While mo ...
Investigating the prevalence and causes of prescribing errors in
Investigating the prevalence and causes of prescribing errors in

... Chapter 8: Findings from the root cause analyses ....................................................... 108 8.1 Prescriber factors ............................................................................................... 108 8.2 Patient factors ................................................ ...
Potentially Harmful Drugs in the Elderly: Beers List
Potentially Harmful Drugs in the Elderly: Beers List

... version includes medications that should be used with extra caution, as well as medications that should be avoided, either in all elderly or in certain populations.2 An additional tool for improving prescribing in the elderly is the START and STOPP criteria. Neither has been convincingly shown to re ...
Long-Term Effects of Olanzapine, Risperidone, and Quetiapine on
Long-Term Effects of Olanzapine, Risperidone, and Quetiapine on

... mRNA expression in monkey striatum (Lidow and GoldmanRakic, 1997). These agents also up-regulated D2 receptors in rat and monkey prefrontal cortex (Lidow and Goldman-Rakic, 1994; Florijn et al., 1997; Tarazi et al., 1997c, 1998). The findings support the view that D4 receptors in CPu and NAc, as wel ...
Joseph L. Izzo, Jr Answer the Genetic Riddle Aging and Systolic
Joseph L. Izzo, Jr Answer the Genetic Riddle Aging and Systolic

... and to identify the variant gene responsible for elevated blood pressure in a large segment of the human population?” If it is true that aging, hypertension, and their interaction must be considered simultaneously in advance of the development of the “ultimate” age-dependent phenotype of systolic hy ...
View/print full test page
View/print full test page

... Once a variant is confirmed, our laboratory team interprets this information in conjunction with the patient’s clinical findings and the scientific literature in order to classify a finding. There are three possible results: A normal result indicates that sequencing or deletion/duplication analysis ...
Long-acting Beta-Agonists with and without Inhaled Corticosteroids and Catastrophic Asthma Events
Long-acting Beta-Agonists with and without Inhaled Corticosteroids and Catastrophic Asthma Events

... this meta-analysis are based on a relatively small number of events, so they should be interpreted with caution. However, these findings provide evidence that long-acting ␤-agonists are associated with significant risk, even when used with concomitant inhaled corticosteroids. This is the first meta- ...
How to Protect Yourself Against Malaria
How to Protect Yourself Against Malaria

... should be permitted since mosquitoes will spend hours searching for an opening. Soaking your bed net in a permethrin solution like Sawyer Permethrin Soak Treatment Kit will impregnate it and provide additional protection since it kills the mosquitoes on contact. Similarly, spraying your clothes with ...
Farmer_Genetic-Disea..
Farmer_Genetic-Disea..

... The cattle genome has approximate 3 billion DNA bases, the same number as found in the human genome. To help store all this information DNA are packaged in chromosomes. These chromosomes can be broken down into 3 categories: autosomes, sex determining chromosomes- X and Y, and mitochondria. While mo ...
Approved Drug Utilization Review Board Edits
Approved Drug Utilization Review Board Edits

... Protecting the vulnerable, fostering independence and promoting better health ...
PRODUCT INFORMATION STOCRIN® (efavirenz) Tablets and Oral
PRODUCT INFORMATION STOCRIN® (efavirenz) Tablets and Oral

... Studies in humans and in vitro studies using human liver microsomes have demonstrated that efavirenz is principally metabolised by the cytochrome P450 system to hydroxylated metabolites with subsequent glucuronidation of these hydroxylated metabolites. These metabolites are essentially inactive agai ...
Striatal  D2 / D3  Receptor  Occupancy, ... and Side Effects with Amisulpride: An Iodine-123-Iodobenzamide SPET Study
Striatal D2 / D3 Receptor Occupancy, ... and Side Effects with Amisulpride: An Iodine-123-Iodobenzamide SPET Study

... our present investigation aimed to evaluate by means of SPET the striatal D2/D3 receptor occupancy of a broad range of dosages of amisulpride, between 50 mg and 1 200 mg daily, in a large sample of patients [4]. Beside the obtained D2/D3 bindings [4], another highly relevant objective was to evaluat ...
Potential Drug Interactions with Grapefruit Evidence and Advice You Can Trust... CHART: CHART
Potential Drug Interactions with Grapefruit Evidence and Advice You Can Trust... CHART: CHART

... Most adverse events resulting from grapefruit interactions have been minor. 50 However, attempts to classify interactions as "mild," "moderate," or "severe" may be misleading. This is because the clinical significance of grapefruit juice interactions is likely to vary from patient-to-patient. Factor ...
ASHP Therapeutic Position Statement on the Cessation of Tobacco
ASHP Therapeutic Position Statement on the Cessation of Tobacco

... The American Society of HealthSystem Pharmacists (ASHP) discourages all use of tobacco products and supports evidence-based tobaccocontrol policies and activities that reduce the prevalence of tobacco use. ASHP strongly encourages health care providers to take an active role in promoting the health ...
Lessons from Phenylketonuria. Trends Genet 15:267
Lessons from Phenylketonuria. Trends Genet 15:267

... that patients with identical PAH genotypes possess different phenylalanine hydroxylation activities in vivo. Significant differences are seen in in vivo phenylalanine oxidation between heterozygotes carrying the same mutant PAH allele34. In this case, the parameter assayed was flux through the whole ...
Preview the test
Preview the test

... c) suffering brain toxicity if used with other NMDA antagonists d) experiencing a vitamin B6 deficiency 77) In the study reported, _____ of the deaths associated with inhalant use were from suicide. a) 12% b) 20% c) 28% d) 36% 78) Some high grade marijuana is known as “sinsemilla” which means a) los ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)

... believed to have a genetic component and several studies have reported associations between polymorphisms of oxidative stress and hypertension-related genes with preeclampsia. The mechanism of oxidative stressassociated hypertension has been continuously evolving with the popular theme of endothelia ...
Medical Policy Ketamine HCl for Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders
Medical Policy Ketamine HCl for Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders

... evidence was limited by risk of bias and small sample sizes. There was low quality evidence that treatment with ketamine increased the likelihood of response after 24 hours, 72 hours, and one week. Ketamine caused more confusion and emotional blunting compared to placebo. Ketamine was more effective ...
Tamoxifen or Raloxifene in Postmenopausal Women for Prevention
Tamoxifen or Raloxifene in Postmenopausal Women for Prevention

... particularly after treatment has been stopped (carryover effect). In fact, a beneficial carryover effect is beginning to emerge in the initial primary prevention trials of tamoxifen versus placebo such that reduction in risk for breast cancer seems to continue after treatment with tamoxifen is compl ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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