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Therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with cystic fibrosis and mycobacterial disease
Therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with cystic fibrosis and mycobacterial disease

... age. M. tuberculosis was grown in sputum culture, although acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear test was negative. The purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin skin test was 13 mm. The patient was treated with isoniazid (INH), ethambutol (EMB), pyrazinamide (PZA) and, initially, rifampicin (RMP). Becau ...
Qualification of Impurities in Drug Substances and Drug Products
Qualification of Impurities in Drug Substances and Drug Products

... studies and specialized studies such as genetic toxicity and reproductive toxicity are the preferred types of studies. Impurities are, usually, at low relative concentrations, and there is less concern for single dose toxic effects. If there are no prior toxicity data, the regulators would expect to ...
Drug Abuse or… For Big Kids - Department of Cognitive Science
Drug Abuse or… For Big Kids - Department of Cognitive Science

... – one issue with this type of study is the ambiguity of the cause of reduced dopamine transporters/dopaminergic terminals – did meth abuse cause this difference or was it the result of previously existing factors such as genetics (in which case, did these genetic differences predispose the individua ...
Document
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... when a large, established population is reduced in size. The remaining individuals may not be representative of the genetic diversity that was present in the original population. This is referred to as a genetic bottleneck. ...
Lecture 11 - Lectures For UG-5
Lecture 11 - Lectures For UG-5

... • In the case of the disease gene, the alternative alleles will be the normal allele and the disease allele, and they can be distinguished by looking for occurrences of the disease in a family tree or pedigree. • Genetic markers are DNA sequences that show polymorphism (variation in size or sequence ...
Drug history taking - avoiding the common pitfalls
Drug history taking - avoiding the common pitfalls

... The patient should be asked how many reminder devices they have at home, since discharge medication may be unnecessary if there are no inpatient changes. If the device has been filled by a district nurse, they should be contacted to confirm exactly what has been put in it. It must be remembered that ...
Why People Abuse Prescription Drugs “The Psychopharmacology of Addiction”
Why People Abuse Prescription Drugs “The Psychopharmacology of Addiction”

... PARTICULAR  DRUGS  AND  MEDICATIONS  THAT   POSSESS  A  POTENTIAL  FOR  PSYCHOLOGICAL  AND/OR   PHYSICAL  ABUSE  AND  DEPENDENCE  INTO  FIVE  (5)   ...
BMC Guidelines for Prescribing Narcotic Drugs
BMC Guidelines for Prescribing Narcotic Drugs

... and licensed medical practitioner acting in the usual course of professional practice. The practitioner is responsible for the proper prescribing and dispensing of controlled substances. In addition, a corresponding responsibility rests with the pharmacist who fills the prescription. The individual ...
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August 2015 Case for Stu News Reviewed by Clinical Pharmacy
August 2015 Case for Stu News Reviewed by Clinical Pharmacy

... Rationale: The correct answer is 2. Because the patient is not receiving adequate pain relief from his current oxycodone dose, the best course of action is to increase his long-acting opioid. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ketorolac are known to be beneficial in bone pain; however, 30 ...
Anti-psychotic drugs 2006
Anti-psychotic drugs 2006

... How do we know they work? • mostly “accidentally” for early drugs designing drugs to reduce anxiety in surgical patients • clinical experience • clinical trials - especially more recent drugs • PET scanning showing blockade of central D2 receptors ...
Summary of ECD Global Alliance Internet Chat 24 Oct 2015
Summary of ECD Global Alliance Internet Chat 24 Oct 2015

... syndrome. He will try the cold treatment. So far, he has only used warm water soaking. His doctors gave me some Hydrocodone (a painkiller). This seems to help, but he will definitely try cold compresses. He asked what experiences people have had of stopping V for a short while. One said that, regard ...
study guide ch 4 and 5
study guide ch 4 and 5

... normally indicated. The patient questions the nurse and asks why the dose is so large. The nurse would be correct to explain that a. the initial dose is sometimes higher to reach a therapeutic level more quickly. b. an average effective dose is important to evaluate the response. c. an initial dose ...
Important facts about controlled substance prescriptions (Word format)
Important facts about controlled substance prescriptions (Word format)

... moderate to severe pain, cough, attention disorders, anxiety, seizures, sleeping disorders, obesity, and many others. Controlled substances can be effective aids in the management and treatment of these conditions, when taken as directed by the practitioner. Controlled substance medications can also ...
Hryhorova Margaryta Sokol Oleksandra Ananko Svitlana A
Hryhorova Margaryta Sokol Oleksandra Ananko Svitlana A

... (Department of Pharmacology and Drug Prescription) Kharkiv. Ukraine Looking at the statistics of adolescent’s ENT diseases we marked, that there are some cases when subjective tinnitus appears. This condition is caused by sensorineural hearing impairment. We tried to find more effective treatments a ...
HISAT-genotype: fast software for analyzing human genomes
HISAT-genotype: fast software for analyzing human genomes

... adequately incorporate the variants into genetic analysis. For instance, >3,000 alleles of the HLA-A gene have been identified. Representing and searching through the numerous alleles of even one gene can be a challenge, requiring a large amount of compute time and memory. Most methods have therefor ...
Hot Topics in Pharmacy Purchasing: Regulatory, New Drugs
Hot Topics in Pharmacy Purchasing: Regulatory, New Drugs

... – Notification of Nursing/Medical Staffs ...
The impact of pharmacogenetics on the development and use of
The impact of pharmacogenetics on the development and use of

... DNA sequence (polymorphisms) in genes that have been implicated by the known pharmacology and neurochemical mechanisms of these drugs (reviewed in [4]). The target receptors for the antipsychotic drugs thus provide valuable ‘‘candidate’’ genes. It is the dopamine D2 receptor that is considered the m ...
I.V. bolus injection
I.V. bolus injection

... Pull back slightly on the syringe plunger and check for blood backflow again. If blood appears, this indicates that the needle remained in place and all the injected medication entered the vein. Flush the line with the normal saline solution from the second syringe to ensure delivery of all the med ...
Epilepsy 101: Getting Started
Epilepsy 101: Getting Started

...  Determined by route of intake, may be affected by food  Absorption rate can vary for different medicines  Meds that may affect rate of absorption should not be given at same time as AEDs, i.e. antacids ...
JABBOUR 2
JABBOUR 2

... Bcr-Abl oncoprotein. Three tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the first-line treatment of patients with newly diagnosed CML in chronic phase (CML-CP). Clinical trials with 2nd generation TKIs reported si ...
Antidepressant drug interactions: evidence and clinical significance
Antidepressant drug interactions: evidence and clinical significance

... tions concern the individual characteristics of the patient. Genetic variances (known as genetic polymor­ phisms) exist where hepatic enzymes, and hence the ability of the body to metabolise the drug, are altered. For example, around 5% to 10% of Caucasians have a variant of the hepatic isoenzyme CY ...
Biopharmaceutics Clasification System (BCS)
Biopharmaceutics Clasification System (BCS)

... It can save both time and money—if the immediate -release, orally administered drug meets specific criteria, the FDA will grant a waiver for expensive and time-consuming bio-equivalence studies. The aim of the BCS is to provide a regulatory tool for the replacement of certain BE studies by conductin ...
Our_MAU2! 3461KB Apr 24 2011 03:46:55 PM
Our_MAU2! 3461KB Apr 24 2011 03:46:55 PM

... penicillin allergy) or interacting (e.g. trimethoprim in patients on methotrexate) medicines – Ensuring that the plans are followed – Advising on writing legal prescriptions – Considering historic blood or culture results when selecting an appropriate treatment (previous MRSA colonisation, usual tre ...
THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT
THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT

... •The information will also be used to learn about human biological history, the biological relationships among different human groups, and may be useful in understanding the causes of and determining the treatment of particular human diseases. •The information this Project gathers may help clarify t ...
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Pharmacogenomics

Pharmacogenomics (a portmanteau of pharmacology and genomics) is the study of the role of genetics in drug response. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, as well as drug receptor target effects. The term pharmacogenomics is often used interchangeably with pharmacogenetics. Although both terms relate to drug response based on genetic influences, pharmacogenetics focuses on single drug-gene interactions, while pharmacogenomics encompasses a more genome-wide association approach, incorporating genomics and epigenetics while dealing with the effects of multiple genes on drug response.Pharmacogenomics aims to develop rational means to optimize drug therapy, with respect to the patients' genotype, to ensure maximum efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Through the utilization of pharmacogenomics, it is hoped that drug treatments can deviate from what is dubbed as the “one-dose-fits-all” approach. It attempts to eliminate the trial-and-error method of prescribing, allowing physicians to take into consideration their patient’s genes, the functionality of these genes, and how this may affect the efficacy of the patient’s current and/or future treatments (and where applicable, provide an explanation for the failure of past treatments). Such approaches promise the advent of ""personalized medicine""; in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual's unique genetic makeup. Whether used to explain a patient’s response or lack thereof to a treatment, or act as a predictive tool, it hopes to achieve better treatment outcomes, greater efficacy, minimization of the occurrence of drug toxicities and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). For patients who have lack of therapeutic response to a treatment, alternative therapies can be prescribed that would best suit their requirements. In order to provide pharmacogenomic-based recommendations for a given drug, two possible types of input can be used: genotyping or exome or whole genome sequencing. Sequencing provides many more data points, including detection of mutations that prematurely terminate the synthesized protein (early stop codon).
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