Body chemicals
... Polysaccharides are formed by combining many monosaccharrides into long chains which may branch profusely. Glycogen (in animals) and starch (in plants) are insoluble in water and important stores of glucose. ...
... Polysaccharides are formed by combining many monosaccharrides into long chains which may branch profusely. Glycogen (in animals) and starch (in plants) are insoluble in water and important stores of glucose. ...
AP Biology
... 63. Define cytoplasmic segregation. Give an example of an experiment that demonstrated that the distribution of an egg’s cytoplasm is not uniform. ...
... 63. Define cytoplasmic segregation. Give an example of an experiment that demonstrated that the distribution of an egg’s cytoplasm is not uniform. ...
BIOLOGY END OF COURSE TEST STUDY GUIDE
... 51. List the four kinds of nitrogenous bases found in the DNA molecule showing which bonds to which. Adenine to Thymine and Cytosine to Guanine 52. List the four kinds of nitrogenous bases found in the RNA molecule showing which bonds to which. Adenine to uracil and cytosine to guanine 53. Name the ...
... 51. List the four kinds of nitrogenous bases found in the DNA molecule showing which bonds to which. Adenine to Thymine and Cytosine to Guanine 52. List the four kinds of nitrogenous bases found in the RNA molecule showing which bonds to which. Adenine to uracil and cytosine to guanine 53. Name the ...
Multiple Choice Questions
... 21. Mitosis and meiosis are processes by which animal and plant cells divide. Which statement best describes a difference between mitosis and meiosis? A. Meiosis is a multi-step process. B. Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells. C. Meiosis is used in the repair of an organism. D. Mitosis produces ...
... 21. Mitosis and meiosis are processes by which animal and plant cells divide. Which statement best describes a difference between mitosis and meiosis? A. Meiosis is a multi-step process. B. Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells. C. Meiosis is used in the repair of an organism. D. Mitosis produces ...
Keystone Biology MC Review Questions 1. The diagram below
... 24. Blood type is inherited through multiple alleles, including IA, IB, and i. A child has type A blood. If the father has type AB blood, what are all the possible phenotypes of the mother? A. phenotypes O or A B. phenotypes A or AB C. phenotypes A, B, AB D. phenotypes O, A, B, AB 25. Which stateme ...
... 24. Blood type is inherited through multiple alleles, including IA, IB, and i. A child has type A blood. If the father has type AB blood, what are all the possible phenotypes of the mother? A. phenotypes O or A B. phenotypes A or AB C. phenotypes A, B, AB D. phenotypes O, A, B, AB 25. Which stateme ...
Cell Physiology
... • During synthesis of RNA, two strands of DNA molecules separate temporarily; one of these strands is used as a template for synthesis of the RNA molecules. • The code triplets in the DNA cause the formation of complementary code triplets (called codons) in the RNA; these codons in turn control the ...
... • During synthesis of RNA, two strands of DNA molecules separate temporarily; one of these strands is used as a template for synthesis of the RNA molecules. • The code triplets in the DNA cause the formation of complementary code triplets (called codons) in the RNA; these codons in turn control the ...
Biology - Brookwood Counseling
... First Filial (F1): The offspring of the _______________ Generation Second Filial (F2): The offspring of the First ____________ Generation A chicken and a rooster mate. The chicken has white feathers and the rooster has brown feathers. Brown is dominant, and white is recessive. Assuming the roost ...
... First Filial (F1): The offspring of the _______________ Generation Second Filial (F2): The offspring of the First ____________ Generation A chicken and a rooster mate. The chicken has white feathers and the rooster has brown feathers. Brown is dominant, and white is recessive. Assuming the roost ...
Characteristics of Life Notes Packet
... b. cells may group into tissues, organs, organ systems in more complex organisms examples: plants, animals, most fungi, some protists. ...
... b. cells may group into tissues, organs, organ systems in more complex organisms examples: plants, animals, most fungi, some protists. ...
How do organisms maintain homeostasis?
... Cell Structure & Function: How does cell structure ensure efficiency & survival? Cell Processes: Why are all organisms made of cells? (How do cells get energy? reproduce?) At the end of 2nd quarter (about the 3rd week in January) you will have a midterm exam which includes questions on the above top ...
... Cell Structure & Function: How does cell structure ensure efficiency & survival? Cell Processes: Why are all organisms made of cells? (How do cells get energy? reproduce?) At the end of 2nd quarter (about the 3rd week in January) you will have a midterm exam which includes questions on the above top ...
Science 9
... 13. Hydra is a type of organism that reproduces by developing a swelling on the side of its body. Eventually this swelling grows tentacles and starts to feed by itself by catching small water organisms. At this point it breaks off from the mother hydra, floats away, and lands on a surface where it a ...
... 13. Hydra is a type of organism that reproduces by developing a swelling on the side of its body. Eventually this swelling grows tentacles and starts to feed by itself by catching small water organisms. At this point it breaks off from the mother hydra, floats away, and lands on a surface where it a ...
Review for Final Semester Exam
... C. The number of words typed D. Groups A and B 2. The dependent variable is A. The typists B. The vitamin C. The number of words typed D. Groups A and B 3. The control is A. Group A B. The vitamin C. The number of words typed D. Group B Use the information below to answer questions 1-2. In squid peo ...
... C. The number of words typed D. Groups A and B 2. The dependent variable is A. The typists B. The vitamin C. The number of words typed D. Groups A and B 3. The control is A. Group A B. The vitamin C. The number of words typed D. Group B Use the information below to answer questions 1-2. In squid peo ...
Biology Mrs. Riney 2009-2010
... Compared to small cells, large cells have more trouble a. dividing. b. producing daughter cells. c. moving needed materials in and waste products out. d. making copies of their DNA. ...
... Compared to small cells, large cells have more trouble a. dividing. b. producing daughter cells. c. moving needed materials in and waste products out. d. making copies of their DNA. ...
Sources of Information: Use your notes, ppts and review
... 2. _________________ conditions result in tough, big seeds which favor _________ beaks. 3. ___________ conditions result in softer, smaller seeds which favor ___________ beaks. ...
... 2. _________________ conditions result in tough, big seeds which favor _________ beaks. 3. ___________ conditions result in softer, smaller seeds which favor ___________ beaks. ...
B2 Glossary - physicsinfo.co.uk
... Organ where digestion is completed and nutrients are absorbed A carbohydrate made by joining together thousands of glucose molecules An unspecialised cell that can divide to produce more stem cells or different kinds of specialised cell To destroy bacteria, viruses, mould and pests such as insects o ...
... Organ where digestion is completed and nutrients are absorbed A carbohydrate made by joining together thousands of glucose molecules An unspecialised cell that can divide to produce more stem cells or different kinds of specialised cell To destroy bacteria, viruses, mould and pests such as insects o ...
nitrogen bases
... opposite traits, he called this what? • The “P” cross for Parental generation • What did he get? • The F1 generation that were 100% the ...
... opposite traits, he called this what? • The “P” cross for Parental generation • What did he get? • The F1 generation that were 100% the ...
Jack Bowers` Chapter 2 Biology Notes
... genetics. Linked genes are often inherited together (genetic linkage.) During meiosis, linked genes can be separated from each other when parts of chromosomes are exchanged. By studying the frequency of crossing over between chromosomes, a linkage map that shows the approximate distance between gene ...
... genetics. Linked genes are often inherited together (genetic linkage.) During meiosis, linked genes can be separated from each other when parts of chromosomes are exchanged. By studying the frequency of crossing over between chromosomes, a linkage map that shows the approximate distance between gene ...
Biology Keystone Exam Review Packet
... • Part A: Identify the step during the process of meiosis when chromosomes would most likely fail to separate. • Most likely chromosomes would fair to separate during anaphase I or Anaphase II. In anaphase, chromosomes (anaphase I) or sister chromatids (anaphase II) are supposed to separate, or move ...
... • Part A: Identify the step during the process of meiosis when chromosomes would most likely fail to separate. • Most likely chromosomes would fair to separate during anaphase I or Anaphase II. In anaphase, chromosomes (anaphase I) or sister chromatids (anaphase II) are supposed to separate, or move ...
Biology Keystone Practice PowerPoint
... • Part A: Identify the step during the process of meiosis when chromosomes would most likely fail to separate. • Most likely chromosomes would fair to separate during anaphase I or Anaphase II. In anaphase, chromosomes (anaphase I) or sister chromatids (anaphase II) are supposed to separate, or move ...
... • Part A: Identify the step during the process of meiosis when chromosomes would most likely fail to separate. • Most likely chromosomes would fair to separate during anaphase I or Anaphase II. In anaphase, chromosomes (anaphase I) or sister chromatids (anaphase II) are supposed to separate, or move ...
Ch 3 Biochemistry Notes
... • It functions by storing information regarding the sequence of amino acids in each of the body’s proteins. • This "list" of amino acid sequences is needed when proteins are synthesized. • Before protein can be synthesized, the instructions in DNA must first be copied to another type of nucleic acid ...
... • It functions by storing information regarding the sequence of amino acids in each of the body’s proteins. • This "list" of amino acid sequences is needed when proteins are synthesized. • Before protein can be synthesized, the instructions in DNA must first be copied to another type of nucleic acid ...
June 2008
... Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers in pea plants. If a homozygous dominant plant is crossed with a recessive plant, what is the phenotypic ratio in the offspring? (A) (B) (C) (D) ...
... Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers in pea plants. If a homozygous dominant plant is crossed with a recessive plant, what is the phenotypic ratio in the offspring? (A) (B) (C) (D) ...
biology second semester study guide
... genetic code frameshift mutation Transcription codon mutagent RNA polymerase translation polyploidy Promoter anticodon operon operator ...
... genetic code frameshift mutation Transcription codon mutagent RNA polymerase translation polyploidy Promoter anticodon operon operator ...
Eötvös Loránd Science University Faculty of Sciences Department of
... 5. DNA introduction into cells (transformation, infection, electroporation). Electrophoresis methods. Hybridization and DNA-chip techniques. Hybridization probes. 6. Polymerase chain reaction and its various applications. 7. Vector-host systems. Pro- and eukaryotic host cells. Plasmids, bacteriophag ...
... 5. DNA introduction into cells (transformation, infection, electroporation). Electrophoresis methods. Hybridization and DNA-chip techniques. Hybridization probes. 6. Polymerase chain reaction and its various applications. 7. Vector-host systems. Pro- and eukaryotic host cells. Plasmids, bacteriophag ...
How Genes Work
... Its complex unwinds DNA It copies bases using complimentary base pairing (U v.s. T) Moves down one strand Stops at terminator ...
... Its complex unwinds DNA It copies bases using complimentary base pairing (U v.s. T) Moves down one strand Stops at terminator ...
Introduction to genetics
Genetics is the study of genes — what they are, what they do, and how they work. Genes are made up of molecules inside the nucleus of a cell that are strung together in such a way that the sequence carries information: that information determines how living organisms inherit phenotypic traits, (features) determined by the genes they received from their parents and thereby going back through the generations. For example, offspring produced by sexual reproduction usually look similar to each of their parents because they have inherited some of each of their parents' genes. Genetics identifies which features are inherited, and explains how these features pass from generation to generation. In addition to inheritance, genetics studies how genes are turned on and off to control what substances are made in a cell - gene expression; and how a cell divides - mitosis or meiosis.Some phenotypic traits can be seen, such as eye color while others can only be detected, such as blood type or intelligence. Traits determined by genes can be modified by the animal's surroundings (environment): for example, the general design of a tiger's stripes is inherited, but the specific stripe pattern is determined by the tiger's surroundings. Another example is a person's height: it is determined by both genetics and nutrition.Genes are made of DNA, which is divided into separate pieces called chromosomes. Humans have 46: 23 pairs, though this number varies between species, for example many primates have 24 pairs. Meiosis creates special cells, sperm in males and eggs in females, which only have 23 chromosomes. These two cells merge into one during the fertilization stage of sexual reproduction, creating a zygote in which a nucleic acid double helix divides, with each single helix occupying one of the daughter cells, resulting in half the normal number of genes. The zygote then divides into four daughter cells by which time genetic recombination has created a new embryo with 23 pairs of chromosomes, half from each parent. Mating and resultant mate choice result in sexual selection. In normal cell division (mitosis) is possible when the double helix separates, and a complement of each separated half is made, resulting in two identical double helices in one cell, with each occupying one of the two new daughter cells created when the cell divides.Chromosomes all contain four nucleotides, abbreviated C (cytosine), G (guanine), A (adenine), or T (thymine), which line up in a particular sequence and make a long string. There are two strings of nucleotides coiled around one another in each chromosome: a double helix. C on one string is always opposite from G on the other string; A is always opposite T. There are about 3.2 billion nucleotide pairs on all the human chromosomes: this is the human genome. The order of the nucleotides carries genetic information, whose rules are defined by the genetic code, similar to how the order of letters on a page of text carries information. Three nucleotides in a row - a triplet - carry one unit of information: a codon. The genetic code not only controls inheritance: it also controls gene expression, which occurs when a portion of the double helix is uncoiled, exposing a series of the nucleotides, which are within the interior of the DNA. This series of exposed triplets (codons) carries the information to allow machinery in the cell to ""read"" the codons on the exposed DNA, which results in the making of RNA molecules. RNA in turn makes either amino acids or microRNA, which are responsible for all of the structure and function of a living organism; i.e. they determine all the features of the cell and thus the entire individual. Closing the uncoiled segment turns off the gene. Heritability means the information in a given gene is not always exactly the same in every individual in that species, so the same gene in different individuals does not give exactly the same instructions. Each unique form of a single gene is called an allele; different forms are collectively called polymorphisms. As an example, one allele for the gene for hair color and skin cell pigmentation could instruct the body to produce black pigment, producing black hair and pigmented skin; while a different allele of the same gene in a different individual could give garbled instructions that would result in a failure to produce any pigment, giving white hair and no pigmented skin: albinism. Mutations are random changes in genes creating new alleles, which in turn produce new traits, which could help, harm, or have no new effect on the individual's likelihood of survival; thus, mutations are the basis for evolution.