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3 Cells - Dr Magrann
... copy of the original gene. Now we are ready to take this gene and create a protein. The ribosome then reads the gene (the nucleic acid sequence). Every group of three nucleic acids is called a CODON. Each codon codes for one amino acid. For example, if the first three nucleic acids are G, C, T, when ...
... copy of the original gene. Now we are ready to take this gene and create a protein. The ribosome then reads the gene (the nucleic acid sequence). Every group of three nucleic acids is called a CODON. Each codon codes for one amino acid. For example, if the first three nucleic acids are G, C, T, when ...
Biology EOC review
... Sexual Reproduction – pattern of reproduction that involves the production and fusion of haploid sex cells; haploid sperm from father fertilizes haploid egg from mother to make a diploid zygote that develops into a multicellular organism through mitosis - results in genetic variation (diversity) - c ...
... Sexual Reproduction – pattern of reproduction that involves the production and fusion of haploid sex cells; haploid sperm from father fertilizes haploid egg from mother to make a diploid zygote that develops into a multicellular organism through mitosis - results in genetic variation (diversity) - c ...
Biology EOC Review Packet - Watchung Hills Regional High School
... Ribosomes- make proteins, cell membrane- controls what enters or exits, nucleus- stores DNA, etc. When do Cells divide? During mitosis or meiosis. For growth and repair, or reproduction How do cells ensure that the new cells will have all the same information that the old cells do? Cells copy their ...
... Ribosomes- make proteins, cell membrane- controls what enters or exits, nucleus- stores DNA, etc. When do Cells divide? During mitosis or meiosis. For growth and repair, or reproduction How do cells ensure that the new cells will have all the same information that the old cells do? Cells copy their ...
Review Presentation
... • a form of asexual reproduction where a chromosome is copied before the cell divides to form two new cells • used by bacteria (which are unicellular and prokaryotes.) ...
... • a form of asexual reproduction where a chromosome is copied before the cell divides to form two new cells • used by bacteria (which are unicellular and prokaryotes.) ...
B3 (Higher) Key Questions that will help you get the
... How does sexual reproduction produce a unique individual? Why are sperm cells produced in large numbers? What are the advantages of being multicellular? ...
... How does sexual reproduction produce a unique individual? Why are sperm cells produced in large numbers? What are the advantages of being multicellular? ...
Guide 1406 Ch, 1-5
... The components of homeostatic control mechanisms What is Homeostasis? Three forms of matter The difference between weight and mass What are protons, electrons, neutron atomic # Atomic wt Types of bonds, covalent, ionic, hydrogen What are the properties of water and how does water creep up a tube? Wh ...
... The components of homeostatic control mechanisms What is Homeostasis? Three forms of matter The difference between weight and mass What are protons, electrons, neutron atomic # Atomic wt Types of bonds, covalent, ionic, hydrogen What are the properties of water and how does water creep up a tube? Wh ...
Revision PowerPoint B1 Topic 1 Foundation
... The 6 main stages of evolution. 1. An animal may have lots of babies (over production) 2. These will all be different (variation) 3. There will be competition for survival (food, water, shelter, escape from predator). 4. The “weaker” or less adapted ones die whilst the ones that have the best chara ...
... The 6 main stages of evolution. 1. An animal may have lots of babies (over production) 2. These will all be different (variation) 3. There will be competition for survival (food, water, shelter, escape from predator). 4. The “weaker” or less adapted ones die whilst the ones that have the best chara ...
Biology EOCT Study Guide MrsFrank – KEY
... 78. Draw a graph to show population changes. Describe your population and name the factors responsible for the changes. it’s on the board 79. Distinguish between the following pairs: a. heterotroph: depends on others for food ...
... 78. Draw a graph to show population changes. Describe your population and name the factors responsible for the changes. it’s on the board 79. Distinguish between the following pairs: a. heterotroph: depends on others for food ...
Unity and Diversity
... reproduction and for the growth and repair of multicellular organisms. Your every movement is based on the activities of your muscle cells. Your every thought is based on the activities of your nerve cells. Even the process of breathing is the cumulative product of cellular activities. Within the nu ...
... reproduction and for the growth and repair of multicellular organisms. Your every movement is based on the activities of your muscle cells. Your every thought is based on the activities of your nerve cells. Even the process of breathing is the cumulative product of cellular activities. Within the nu ...
Page 1 Edexcel 2011 Biology B2 Topic 1 The building blocks of
... releases energy from glucose and how this process can be modelled using the word equation for anaerobic respiration Recall that the process of anaerobic respiration releases less energy than aerobic respiration Describe how a build-up of lactic acid requires extra oxygen to break it down. This is ca ...
... releases energy from glucose and how this process can be modelled using the word equation for anaerobic respiration Recall that the process of anaerobic respiration releases less energy than aerobic respiration Describe how a build-up of lactic acid requires extra oxygen to break it down. This is ca ...
2006, Biology
... A. It may be used as part of a sugar in a plant. B. It may become part of a protein in an animal. C. It may be consumed as a fossil fuel is burned. D. It may be decomposed into carbon and oxygen by a bacterium. Which of the following is more likely to occur in a plant cell than in an animal cell? A. ...
... A. It may be used as part of a sugar in a plant. B. It may become part of a protein in an animal. C. It may be consumed as a fossil fuel is burned. D. It may be decomposed into carbon and oxygen by a bacterium. Which of the following is more likely to occur in a plant cell than in an animal cell? A. ...
Macromolecules are very large biomolecules formed by a process of
... Process of making new proteins Proteins are made of amino acids bonded together to make a chain It requires three base pairs (codon) in m-RNA to code for one amino acid in the protein chain t-RNA contains the anticodons which are the complementary bases of the codon Each t-RNA carries a particular a ...
... Process of making new proteins Proteins are made of amino acids bonded together to make a chain It requires three base pairs (codon) in m-RNA to code for one amino acid in the protein chain t-RNA contains the anticodons which are the complementary bases of the codon Each t-RNA carries a particular a ...
EOCT REVIEW STUDY GUIDE
... DNA is the genetic material of living things. It is contained in the nucleus of most organisms. DNA stands for DeoxyriboNucleic Acid. DNA contains three parts - nitrogen bases, a five carbon sugar, and a phosphate group, called a nucleotide. The nitrogen bases are called adenine, guanine, thymine, a ...
... DNA is the genetic material of living things. It is contained in the nucleus of most organisms. DNA stands for DeoxyriboNucleic Acid. DNA contains three parts - nitrogen bases, a five carbon sugar, and a phosphate group, called a nucleotide. The nitrogen bases are called adenine, guanine, thymine, a ...
B1 Glossary - physicsinfo.co.uk
... A characteristic that is changed by the environment rather than inherited from your parents Organisms have certain characteristics that allow them to survive in particular places When the body is dependent on a drug and doesn’t work properly without it A group of organisms that can make food using p ...
... A characteristic that is changed by the environment rather than inherited from your parents Organisms have certain characteristics that allow them to survive in particular places When the body is dependent on a drug and doesn’t work properly without it A group of organisms that can make food using p ...
chromosomes
... What is the chromosome number in daughter cells formed by mitosis from diploid parent cells? What is the chromosome number in daughter cells formed by meiosis from diploid parent ...
... What is the chromosome number in daughter cells formed by mitosis from diploid parent cells? What is the chromosome number in daughter cells formed by meiosis from diploid parent ...
Stage 3
... Vestigial structures—Small body structures that may have been functional in the ancestors of a species, but have no or limited function at the present time ...
... Vestigial structures—Small body structures that may have been functional in the ancestors of a species, but have no or limited function at the present time ...
2015 Academic Challenge BIOLOGY TEST
... a. usually reproduce by budding b. is in Domain Archaea c. have cell walls composed of cellulose d. are strict anaerobes e. All of the above are correct. 40. A metabolic pathway can be described as ____. a. an enzyme-substrate complex b. a series of chemical reactions that follow each other c. homeo ...
... a. usually reproduce by budding b. is in Domain Archaea c. have cell walls composed of cellulose d. are strict anaerobes e. All of the above are correct. 40. A metabolic pathway can be described as ____. a. an enzyme-substrate complex b. a series of chemical reactions that follow each other c. homeo ...
Genetics Year 3 Notes and worksheets
... Identical twins are formed when one sperm cell fertilises a single egg cell. This fertilised egg cell then divides and separates to form two cells. Each cell grows and divides and two individuals with exactly the same genetic information are born. The twins will have the same skin colour, the same s ...
... Identical twins are formed when one sperm cell fertilises a single egg cell. This fertilised egg cell then divides and separates to form two cells. Each cell grows and divides and two individuals with exactly the same genetic information are born. The twins will have the same skin colour, the same s ...
Name
... o Know the difference between ORGANIC and INORGANIC molecules o Know how INDICATORS are used to identify the presence of certain chemicals Principles of Genetics: What are inheritable traits and how are they transmitted from one generation to the next? o What is an inheritable trait? What is a gen ...
... o Know the difference between ORGANIC and INORGANIC molecules o Know how INDICATORS are used to identify the presence of certain chemicals Principles of Genetics: What are inheritable traits and how are they transmitted from one generation to the next? o What is an inheritable trait? What is a gen ...
17_Learning_Objectives
... 15. Explain the general process of transcription, including the three major steps of initiation, elongation, and termination. 16. Explain how RNA is modified after transcription in eukaryotic cells. 17. Describe the functional and evolutionary significance of introns. 18. Explain why, due to alterna ...
... 15. Explain the general process of transcription, including the three major steps of initiation, elongation, and termination. 16. Explain how RNA is modified after transcription in eukaryotic cells. 17. Describe the functional and evolutionary significance of introns. 18. Explain why, due to alterna ...
Chapter 1
... A controlled experiment compares an experimental group (the artificial kingsnakes) with a control group (the artificial brown snakes) Ideally, only the variable of interest (the effect of coloration on the behavior of predators) differs between the control and experimental groups A controlled ...
... A controlled experiment compares an experimental group (the artificial kingsnakes) with a control group (the artificial brown snakes) Ideally, only the variable of interest (the effect of coloration on the behavior of predators) differs between the control and experimental groups A controlled ...
Foundation Year Programme Entrance Tests BIOLOGY
... 6. DNA and protein synthesis 6.1. Understand that chromosomes contain DNA. 6.2. Describe the structure of DNA. 6.3. Protein synthesis: a. Understand that genes carry the code for proteins. b. Understand that the genetic code is ‘read’ as triplets and each triplet codes for an amino acid. c. Know tha ...
... 6. DNA and protein synthesis 6.1. Understand that chromosomes contain DNA. 6.2. Describe the structure of DNA. 6.3. Protein synthesis: a. Understand that genes carry the code for proteins. b. Understand that the genetic code is ‘read’ as triplets and each triplet codes for an amino acid. c. Know tha ...
Cells
... o harmful if they reduce an organism’s chances for reproduction or survival o helpful if they improve an organism’s chances for survival o neutral if they do not produce an obvious changes in an organism (silent mutation) o lethal if they result in the immediate death of an organism Mutations can ...
... o harmful if they reduce an organism’s chances for reproduction or survival o helpful if they improve an organism’s chances for survival o neutral if they do not produce an obvious changes in an organism (silent mutation) o lethal if they result in the immediate death of an organism Mutations can ...
essential vocabulary for biology staar
... than 3 or more alleles, with at least two being dominant at the same time A trait in which individuals who are heterozygous show a phenotype that is somewhere in between the dominant and recessive traits ...
... than 3 or more alleles, with at least two being dominant at the same time A trait in which individuals who are heterozygous show a phenotype that is somewhere in between the dominant and recessive traits ...
Introduction to genetics
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Genetics is the study of genes — what they are, what they do, and how they work. Genes are made up of molecules inside the nucleus of a cell that are strung together in such a way that the sequence carries information: that information determines how living organisms inherit phenotypic traits, (features) determined by the genes they received from their parents and thereby going back through the generations. For example, offspring produced by sexual reproduction usually look similar to each of their parents because they have inherited some of each of their parents' genes. Genetics identifies which features are inherited, and explains how these features pass from generation to generation. In addition to inheritance, genetics studies how genes are turned on and off to control what substances are made in a cell - gene expression; and how a cell divides - mitosis or meiosis.Some phenotypic traits can be seen, such as eye color while others can only be detected, such as blood type or intelligence. Traits determined by genes can be modified by the animal's surroundings (environment): for example, the general design of a tiger's stripes is inherited, but the specific stripe pattern is determined by the tiger's surroundings. Another example is a person's height: it is determined by both genetics and nutrition.Genes are made of DNA, which is divided into separate pieces called chromosomes. Humans have 46: 23 pairs, though this number varies between species, for example many primates have 24 pairs. Meiosis creates special cells, sperm in males and eggs in females, which only have 23 chromosomes. These two cells merge into one during the fertilization stage of sexual reproduction, creating a zygote in which a nucleic acid double helix divides, with each single helix occupying one of the daughter cells, resulting in half the normal number of genes. The zygote then divides into four daughter cells by which time genetic recombination has created a new embryo with 23 pairs of chromosomes, half from each parent. Mating and resultant mate choice result in sexual selection. In normal cell division (mitosis) is possible when the double helix separates, and a complement of each separated half is made, resulting in two identical double helices in one cell, with each occupying one of the two new daughter cells created when the cell divides.Chromosomes all contain four nucleotides, abbreviated C (cytosine), G (guanine), A (adenine), or T (thymine), which line up in a particular sequence and make a long string. There are two strings of nucleotides coiled around one another in each chromosome: a double helix. C on one string is always opposite from G on the other string; A is always opposite T. There are about 3.2 billion nucleotide pairs on all the human chromosomes: this is the human genome. The order of the nucleotides carries genetic information, whose rules are defined by the genetic code, similar to how the order of letters on a page of text carries information. Three nucleotides in a row - a triplet - carry one unit of information: a codon. The genetic code not only controls inheritance: it also controls gene expression, which occurs when a portion of the double helix is uncoiled, exposing a series of the nucleotides, which are within the interior of the DNA. This series of exposed triplets (codons) carries the information to allow machinery in the cell to ""read"" the codons on the exposed DNA, which results in the making of RNA molecules. RNA in turn makes either amino acids or microRNA, which are responsible for all of the structure and function of a living organism; i.e. they determine all the features of the cell and thus the entire individual. Closing the uncoiled segment turns off the gene. Heritability means the information in a given gene is not always exactly the same in every individual in that species, so the same gene in different individuals does not give exactly the same instructions. Each unique form of a single gene is called an allele; different forms are collectively called polymorphisms. As an example, one allele for the gene for hair color and skin cell pigmentation could instruct the body to produce black pigment, producing black hair and pigmented skin; while a different allele of the same gene in a different individual could give garbled instructions that would result in a failure to produce any pigment, giving white hair and no pigmented skin: albinism. Mutations are random changes in genes creating new alleles, which in turn produce new traits, which could help, harm, or have no new effect on the individual's likelihood of survival; thus, mutations are the basis for evolution.