AMPICILLIN Sigma Prod. No. A6140, A9393, and - Sigma
... oils, but soluble in dilute acids or bases.3 A number of studies, including an excellent review article (ref. 5), have indicated that the stability of ampicillin in solution appears to be a function of pH, temperature, and even the identity of the buffer. Although ampicillin in any form is more read ...
... oils, but soluble in dilute acids or bases.3 A number of studies, including an excellent review article (ref. 5), have indicated that the stability of ampicillin in solution appears to be a function of pH, temperature, and even the identity of the buffer. Although ampicillin in any form is more read ...
SECONDARY SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN BACTERIA Poolman
... substrate as part of the translocation process; a few catalyze facilitated diffusion. On the basis of these differences, three types of bacterial transport system can be discriminated. (i) Primary transport systems convert light or chemical energy into electrochemical energy, i.e., solute or ion-con ...
... substrate as part of the translocation process; a few catalyze facilitated diffusion. On the basis of these differences, three types of bacterial transport system can be discriminated. (i) Primary transport systems convert light or chemical energy into electrochemical energy, i.e., solute or ion-con ...
Isolation of a non-genomic origin fluoroquinolone
... and -galactosidase have led to successful isolation of constitutive promoters of varying strengths (8,17–19). As compared to directed evolution of native promoters, combinatorial strategy poses challenge of managing large diversity of clones. In an attempt to isolate both inducible and constitutive ...
... and -galactosidase have led to successful isolation of constitutive promoters of varying strengths (8,17–19). As compared to directed evolution of native promoters, combinatorial strategy poses challenge of managing large diversity of clones. In an attempt to isolate both inducible and constitutive ...
Detection of Bacteriochlorophyll-containing Micro
... a Zeiss slider which fits into the microscope tube above the objectives. It was held in place in the slider with a snap ring to prevent edge diffraction. The film was loaded in a Nikon camera (Nikon, New York, U.S.A.) and exposures of 10 to 15 min were used to record the fluorescence image. When des ...
... a Zeiss slider which fits into the microscope tube above the objectives. It was held in place in the slider with a snap ring to prevent edge diffraction. The film was loaded in a Nikon camera (Nikon, New York, U.S.A.) and exposures of 10 to 15 min were used to record the fluorescence image. When des ...
Ribosome rocks
... this two state system. During translation, it might be that inside the ribosome, proteins change conformation aside from position, and we also know there are chemical reactions going on. Furthermore, the precise movements of the sites will not be available until the whole system can be resolved to a ...
... this two state system. During translation, it might be that inside the ribosome, proteins change conformation aside from position, and we also know there are chemical reactions going on. Furthermore, the precise movements of the sites will not be available until the whole system can be resolved to a ...
Evidence That Plant-Like Genes in Chlamydia Species Reflect an
... In further support of the lack of horizontal gene transfer between Chlamydiaceae and their eukaryotic hosts, we also find that chlamydial genomes have been subjected to a low rate of recent DNA exchange with organisms of differing G+C ratios. The average G+C ratio for the genome of a particular micr ...
... In further support of the lack of horizontal gene transfer between Chlamydiaceae and their eukaryotic hosts, we also find that chlamydial genomes have been subjected to a low rate of recent DNA exchange with organisms of differing G+C ratios. The average G+C ratio for the genome of a particular micr ...
Evidence That Plant-Like Genes in Chlamydia
... In further support of the lack of horizontal gene transfer between Chlamydiaceae and their eukaryotic hosts, we also find that chlamydial genomes have been subjected to a low rate of recent DNA exchange with organisms of differing G+C ratios. The average G+C ratio for the genome of a particular micr ...
... In further support of the lack of horizontal gene transfer between Chlamydiaceae and their eukaryotic hosts, we also find that chlamydial genomes have been subjected to a low rate of recent DNA exchange with organisms of differing G+C ratios. The average G+C ratio for the genome of a particular micr ...
Crystallographic Investigations of the Stringent Factor from Eubacteria
... 1.2.2 Bacterial stringent response to the environmental stimuli The stringent response is an adaptive mechanism of bacteria to survive under constricted environmental stress conditions. In other words, it is a pleiotropic physiological process comprising changes in metabolism and gene expression ta ...
... 1.2.2 Bacterial stringent response to the environmental stimuli The stringent response is an adaptive mechanism of bacteria to survive under constricted environmental stress conditions. In other words, it is a pleiotropic physiological process comprising changes in metabolism and gene expression ta ...
Proteomic profiling of an opportunistic human and animal
... of the identified exoproteins were predicted to be cytoplasmic, indicating that these proteins might be surface-displayed moonlighting proteins released into the culture medium via some yet uncharacterized mechanism, or that they had been embedded in membrane vesicles (MVs) that export proteins in a ...
... of the identified exoproteins were predicted to be cytoplasmic, indicating that these proteins might be surface-displayed moonlighting proteins released into the culture medium via some yet uncharacterized mechanism, or that they had been embedded in membrane vesicles (MVs) that export proteins in a ...
E. Other: Do not need to dose adjust in renal/hepatic dz
... A. MOA: Bacteriostatic; binds to 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis B. Spectrum of activity: similar to PCNS (staph, strep, Listeria, H.influenza, N. gonorrhaeae, M. catarrhalis) but also, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydia, MAI, Toxoplasma gondii C. BIMC: Azit ...
... A. MOA: Bacteriostatic; binds to 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis B. Spectrum of activity: similar to PCNS (staph, strep, Listeria, H.influenza, N. gonorrhaeae, M. catarrhalis) but also, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydia, MAI, Toxoplasma gondii C. BIMC: Azit ...
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors-5
... Chloramphenicol the drug prevents the transfer of elongated peptide chain to the newly attached aminoacyl-t RNA at the acceptor site of ribosome –m RNA complex ( by preventing the interaction between peptidyl transferase & its aminoacid substrate → ↓↓ of peptide bond formation and transfer of elonga ...
... Chloramphenicol the drug prevents the transfer of elongated peptide chain to the newly attached aminoacyl-t RNA at the acceptor site of ribosome –m RNA complex ( by preventing the interaction between peptidyl transferase & its aminoacid substrate → ↓↓ of peptide bond formation and transfer of elonga ...
Glycosaminoglycan-binding microbial proteins in tissue adhesion
... Radiolabelled proteoglycans and GAGs can be prepared from cells grown with radioactive GAG precursors such as 35S04 or 6-3H glycosamine [5]. Purified heparins and other GAG molecules can be iodinated to quantify GAG-binding surface molecules of intact microbes in an analogous manner to that used for ...
... Radiolabelled proteoglycans and GAGs can be prepared from cells grown with radioactive GAG precursors such as 35S04 or 6-3H glycosamine [5]. Purified heparins and other GAG molecules can be iodinated to quantify GAG-binding surface molecules of intact microbes in an analogous manner to that used for ...
expresses surface proteins that closely resemble those from
... adhered strongly to the ligands tested and a more detailed analysis was performed in ...
... adhered strongly to the ligands tested and a more detailed analysis was performed in ...
Antibiotics that affect the ribosome
... (ANT) and N-acetyltransferases (AAC), are involved in detoxification (13). Subclasses are defined by the position of the catalytic site, at a hydroxyl group (APH and ANT) or at an -NH2 group (AAC), which is made available or not according to the structure of the compound. Distinct enzymes within a s ...
... (ANT) and N-acetyltransferases (AAC), are involved in detoxification (13). Subclasses are defined by the position of the catalytic site, at a hydroxyl group (APH and ANT) or at an -NH2 group (AAC), which is made available or not according to the structure of the compound. Distinct enzymes within a s ...
L10.glycan_binding_proteins.pps
... • Learn the molecular/structural strategies used in protein-glycan binding and recognition • Learn the methods and resources for determining glycan binding protein specificities • Learn about plant lectins as tools in glycobiology research • Learn about glycan binding strategies used by pathogens ...
... • Learn the molecular/structural strategies used in protein-glycan binding and recognition • Learn the methods and resources for determining glycan binding protein specificities • Learn about plant lectins as tools in glycobiology research • Learn about glycan binding strategies used by pathogens ...
PDF
... cells were harvested anaerobically by centrifugation (3500 X g, IO min, 4°C) and resuspended in anaerobic 50 mM Tris HCI buffer (pH 7.0) containing 5 mM MgCl?. Aliquots of 200 ~1 of cell suspension (approx. 200 mg protein I ‘) were incubated under N, tlushing with [I-( C]TMG (8 PM: 50 mCi mmol- ’ ). ...
... cells were harvested anaerobically by centrifugation (3500 X g, IO min, 4°C) and resuspended in anaerobic 50 mM Tris HCI buffer (pH 7.0) containing 5 mM MgCl?. Aliquots of 200 ~1 of cell suspension (approx. 200 mg protein I ‘) were incubated under N, tlushing with [I-( C]TMG (8 PM: 50 mCi mmol- ’ ). ...
Current Opinion in Plant Biology
... with host substrates and enable pathogen colonization by suppressing host immunity. Although a growing list of T3SEs have been shown to suppress PTI, some bacterial T3SEs and eukaryotic effectors can also act as unintentional signals to the host, in other words, immune tells. The targeting and modif ...
... with host substrates and enable pathogen colonization by suppressing host immunity. Although a growing list of T3SEs have been shown to suppress PTI, some bacterial T3SEs and eukaryotic effectors can also act as unintentional signals to the host, in other words, immune tells. The targeting and modif ...
View Detail Vitae
... proteins were characterized using a wide range of biochemical and physical techniques such as site directed mutagenesis, protein purification using Ni-NTA agarose, gel filtration and ion exchange methods, transport assays of membrane proteins in Escherichia coli cells and proteoliposomes using radio ...
... proteins were characterized using a wide range of biochemical and physical techniques such as site directed mutagenesis, protein purification using Ni-NTA agarose, gel filtration and ion exchange methods, transport assays of membrane proteins in Escherichia coli cells and proteoliposomes using radio ...
BMC Microbiology
... has a complex high-level regulation through catabolite repression and inducer exclusion, see [1] and references therein). More complex regulatory mechanisms include transmission of an external signal across the cytoplasmic membrane, followed by intracellular signal transduction to the appropriate ge ...
... has a complex high-level regulation through catabolite repression and inducer exclusion, see [1] and references therein). More complex regulatory mechanisms include transmission of an external signal across the cytoplasmic membrane, followed by intracellular signal transduction to the appropriate ge ...
The Development and Optimization of a Sensitive and Specific
... normal annealing temperature. However, this extraneous strand is absent when the annealing temperature was raised. In this study, since there was only one bacterium of interest and the B. lonestari assay reactions were not mixed with other assays, it was not necessary to add another ...
... normal annealing temperature. However, this extraneous strand is absent when the annealing temperature was raised. In this study, since there was only one bacterium of interest and the B. lonestari assay reactions were not mixed with other assays, it was not necessary to add another ...
- Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
... It has recently been appreciated that, apart from their phagocytic function, neutrophils can efficiently capture and kill microbes in the extracellular space. This process involves neutrophil extrusion of a matrix of DNA and histones known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that ensnare bacter ...
... It has recently been appreciated that, apart from their phagocytic function, neutrophils can efficiently capture and kill microbes in the extracellular space. This process involves neutrophil extrusion of a matrix of DNA and histones known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that ensnare bacter ...
Equilibrium in CHNOSZ
... Formation reactions Stoichiometric chemical reactions showing the mass balance requirements for formation of 1 mole of each species of interest from the basis species. Chemical affinity Negative of the differential of Gibbs energy of a system with respect to reaction progress. For a given reaction, ...
... Formation reactions Stoichiometric chemical reactions showing the mass balance requirements for formation of 1 mole of each species of interest from the basis species. Chemical affinity Negative of the differential of Gibbs energy of a system with respect to reaction progress. For a given reaction, ...
The Pseudomonas syringae Type III Effector
... suppress host immunity by directly hijacking key components in PTI signaling (Mudgett, 2005; Göhre and Robatzek, 2008; Büttner and He, 2009; Block and Alfano, 2011; Feng and Zhou, 2012; Lindeberg et al., 2012). However, it is much less understood how these effectors modulate host physiology to favor ...
... suppress host immunity by directly hijacking key components in PTI signaling (Mudgett, 2005; Göhre and Robatzek, 2008; Büttner and He, 2009; Block and Alfano, 2011; Feng and Zhou, 2012; Lindeberg et al., 2012). However, it is much less understood how these effectors modulate host physiology to favor ...
Unconventional lateral gene transfer in extreme thermophilic bacteria
... hint at an unusual model of DNA translocation in T. thermophilus strain HB27 [49]. Whole-genome analysis and directed knockout mutagenesis have led to the identification of 16 genes involved in natural competence that are arranged in seven transcriptional units. These competence proteins have been s ...
... hint at an unusual model of DNA translocation in T. thermophilus strain HB27 [49]. Whole-genome analysis and directed knockout mutagenesis have led to the identification of 16 genes involved in natural competence that are arranged in seven transcriptional units. These competence proteins have been s ...
Thermal shift assay
A thermal shift assay quantifies the change in thermal denaturation temperature of a protein under varying conditions. The differing conditions that can be examined are very diverse, e.g. pH, salts, additives, drugs, drug leads, oxidation/reduction, or mutations. The binding of low molecular weight ligands can increase the thermal stability of a protein, as described by Koshland (1958) and Linderstrom-Lang and Schellman (1959). Almost half of enzymes require a metal ion co-factor. Thermostable proteins are often more useful than their non-thermostable counterparts, e.g. DNA polymerase in the polymerase chain reaction, so protein engineering often includes addingmutations to increase thermal stability. Protein crystallisation is more successful for proteins with a higher melting point and adding buffer components that stabilise proteins improve the likelihood of protein crystals forming.If examining pH then the possible effects of the buffer molecule on thermal stability should be taken into account along with the fact that pKa of each buffer molecule changes uniquely with temperature. Additionally, any time a charged species is examined the effects of the counterion should be accounted for.Thermal stability of proteins has traditionally been investigated using biochemical assays, circular dichroism, or differential scanning calorimetry. Biochemical assays require a catalytic activity of the protein in question as well as a specific assay. Circular dichroism and differential scanning calorimetry both consume large amounts of protein and are low-throughput methods. The thermofluor assay was the first high-throughput thermal shift assay and its utility and limitations has spurred the invention of a plethora of alternate methods. Each method has its strengths and weaknesses but they all struggle with intrinsically disordered proteins without any clearly defined tertiary structure as the essence of a thermal shift assay is measuring the temperature at which a protein goes from well-defined structure to disorder.