Document
... • Rods are more sensitive to light than cones – Rods take less light to respond – Rods have greater convergence which results in summation of the inputs of many rods into ganglion cells increasing the likelihood of response – Trade-off is that rods cannot distinguish ...
... • Rods are more sensitive to light than cones – Rods take less light to respond – Rods have greater convergence which results in summation of the inputs of many rods into ganglion cells increasing the likelihood of response – Trade-off is that rods cannot distinguish ...
1. A stimulus change that increases the future frequency of behavior
... Learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning) ...
... Learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning) ...
Learning
... • “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own special world to bring them up in, and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to be any type of specialist I might select doctor, lawyer, artist, merchantchief, and yes, beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, ...
... • “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own special world to bring them up in, and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to be any type of specialist I might select doctor, lawyer, artist, merchantchief, and yes, beggar-man and thief, regardless of his talents, ...
Objectives 38 - U
... Primary afferents – sensory info reaches CNS via central processes of primary sensory neurons (most are large); cell bodies in PNS dorsal root ganglions and peripheral process which is itself sensitive to some kind of stimulus (mechanoreceptive endings) or receives inputs from specialized receptor c ...
... Primary afferents – sensory info reaches CNS via central processes of primary sensory neurons (most are large); cell bodies in PNS dorsal root ganglions and peripheral process which is itself sensitive to some kind of stimulus (mechanoreceptive endings) or receives inputs from specialized receptor c ...
DESCENDING TRACTS Learning Objectives At the end of lecture
... Corticospinal Tract Divisions Lateral corticospinal tract: Made up of corticospinal fibers that have crossed in medulla. Supply all levels of spinal cord. Anterior corticospinal tract: Made up of uncrossed corticospinal fibers of synapse with LMNs. Supply neck and upper limbs. ...
... Corticospinal Tract Divisions Lateral corticospinal tract: Made up of corticospinal fibers that have crossed in medulla. Supply all levels of spinal cord. Anterior corticospinal tract: Made up of uncrossed corticospinal fibers of synapse with LMNs. Supply neck and upper limbs. ...
BOX 30.8 THE ROLE OF THE SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS IN
... initiated action. Recent studies suggest that rapid stopping of this kind is implemented by a “hyperdirect” pathway between the frontal cortex and the subthalamic nucleus. The broader sequence of events that engages this pathway is as follows. Sensory information about the stop signal (in this case, ...
... initiated action. Recent studies suggest that rapid stopping of this kind is implemented by a “hyperdirect” pathway between the frontal cortex and the subthalamic nucleus. The broader sequence of events that engages this pathway is as follows. Sensory information about the stop signal (in this case, ...
Information Processing SG
... Identify what a synapse is and how two joined neurons overcome a synapse. ...
... Identify what a synapse is and how two joined neurons overcome a synapse. ...
Extinction Learning
... While early theories hypothesized that the conditioned response is unlearned during extinction, experimental evidence indicates that the original association between the CS and the US remains intact. Following extinction, several manipulations can bring about the reemergence of the CR (see Bouton 20 ...
... While early theories hypothesized that the conditioned response is unlearned during extinction, experimental evidence indicates that the original association between the CS and the US remains intact. Following extinction, several manipulations can bring about the reemergence of the CR (see Bouton 20 ...
Neuro 16 Neurotransmitters Student
... and putamen project to substantia nigra and globus pallidus. Reduced concentrations in patients with Huntington’s chorea: ...
... and putamen project to substantia nigra and globus pallidus. Reduced concentrations in patients with Huntington’s chorea: ...
slides
... the UCS and the CS. (How many times have the tone and the meat powder been paired?) Some behaviors are learned after only one trial or pairing, while others take many trials. • 7 , refers to the initial stage of learning something (formation of a new conditioned response tendency.) • Conditioning ha ...
... the UCS and the CS. (How many times have the tone and the meat powder been paired?) Some behaviors are learned after only one trial or pairing, while others take many trials. • 7 , refers to the initial stage of learning something (formation of a new conditioned response tendency.) • Conditioning ha ...
Learning Chapter 8 Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY
... reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished CR ...
... reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished CR ...
LIMBIC SYSTEM
... contralateral hippocampus via the Associational Commisural (AC) Pathway. CA1 neurons also receive inputs direct from the Perforant Path and send axons to the Subiculum (Sb). These neurons in turn send the main hippocampal output back to the EC, forming a loop. ...
... contralateral hippocampus via the Associational Commisural (AC) Pathway. CA1 neurons also receive inputs direct from the Perforant Path and send axons to the Subiculum (Sb). These neurons in turn send the main hippocampal output back to the EC, forming a loop. ...
Learning
... unconditioned stimulus. The time in between the two stimuli should be about half a second. ...
... unconditioned stimulus. The time in between the two stimuli should be about half a second. ...
Conditioned Learning
... Classical Conditioning • Founded by Ivan Pavlov • Learning to associate a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus that elicits the desired response. ...
... Classical Conditioning • Founded by Ivan Pavlov • Learning to associate a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus that elicits the desired response. ...
Chapter 7
... Example: after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it ...
... Example: after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it ...
Learning
... unconditioned stimulus. The time in between the two stimuli should be about half a second. ...
... unconditioned stimulus. The time in between the two stimuli should be about half a second. ...
Zonk Rules - Blue Valley Schools
... 40. In classical conditioning, the ________ signals the impending occurrence of the ________. 41. When a conditioned stimulus is presented without an accompanying unconditioned stimulus, ________ will soon take place. 42. The type of learning associated with Skinner is: 43. A response that leads to ...
... 40. In classical conditioning, the ________ signals the impending occurrence of the ________. 41. When a conditioned stimulus is presented without an accompanying unconditioned stimulus, ________ will soon take place. 42. The type of learning associated with Skinner is: 43. A response that leads to ...
PANEL INCREMENTAL LEARNING: HOW SYSTEMS CAN
... PARKINSON’S DISEASE • Parkinson's disease (PD) was first described in 1817 by James Parkinson as a particular form of progressive motor disability (Samii, Nutt, & Ransom, 2004). • PD is a chronic and progressive movement disorder, meaning that symptoms continue and worsen over time. • Today, PD is ...
... PARKINSON’S DISEASE • Parkinson's disease (PD) was first described in 1817 by James Parkinson as a particular form of progressive motor disability (Samii, Nutt, & Ransom, 2004). • PD is a chronic and progressive movement disorder, meaning that symptoms continue and worsen over time. • Today, PD is ...
Central Nervous System: The Brain and Spinal Cord
... Composed of gray matter All interneurons ! No functional area acts alone! ...
... Composed of gray matter All interneurons ! No functional area acts alone! ...
THE VISUAL SYSTEM PERIPHERAL MECHANISMS 1) Light enters
... i. D-bipolar: light detector cells – depolarize when photoreceptors are stimulated ii. H-bipolar: darkness detector cells – hyperpolarize when photorec are stimulated b. Ganglion cells i. On-center: D-bipolar synapse with them, activate action potential ii. Off-center: H-bipolar synapses, inhibits A ...
... i. D-bipolar: light detector cells – depolarize when photoreceptors are stimulated ii. H-bipolar: darkness detector cells – hyperpolarize when photorec are stimulated b. Ganglion cells i. On-center: D-bipolar synapse with them, activate action potential ii. Off-center: H-bipolar synapses, inhibits A ...
Nervous System - teacherver.com
... There are approximately 50 neurotransmitters identified. There are billions of nerve cells located in the brain, which do not directly touch each other. Nerve cells communicate messages by secreting neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters can excite or inhibit neurons (nerve cells) or both. Drugs that ...
... There are approximately 50 neurotransmitters identified. There are billions of nerve cells located in the brain, which do not directly touch each other. Nerve cells communicate messages by secreting neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters can excite or inhibit neurons (nerve cells) or both. Drugs that ...
Learning in Pigeons, Monkeys, and People
... 1. Fixed ratio schedules 2. Variable ratio schedules 3. Fixed interval schedules 4. Variable interval schedules F. Shaping the desired behavior G. Biological constraints on learning H. Punishment 1. Positive and negative punishment 2. Practical considerations IV. Learning from others: Observational ...
... 1. Fixed ratio schedules 2. Variable ratio schedules 3. Fixed interval schedules 4. Variable interval schedules F. Shaping the desired behavior G. Biological constraints on learning H. Punishment 1. Positive and negative punishment 2. Practical considerations IV. Learning from others: Observational ...
document
... transferred from one situation to another and the extent of such transfer is a function of the extent of similarity in response. Generalization (repetition of initial behaviour) No two situations are alike. Responses to certain situations can be applied to similar but different situations. The indiv ...
... transferred from one situation to another and the extent of such transfer is a function of the extent of similarity in response. Generalization (repetition of initial behaviour) No two situations are alike. Responses to certain situations can be applied to similar but different situations. The indiv ...