Deep Neural Networks for Anatomical Brain Segmentation
... In this work, we consider the segmentation of the whole brain (cortical and sub-cortical areas) into a large number N of anatomical regions, where N is defined by the segmentation protocol (typically around 100). Knowledge of the segmentation protocol is implicitly given through a set of manually l ...
... In this work, we consider the segmentation of the whole brain (cortical and sub-cortical areas) into a large number N of anatomical regions, where N is defined by the segmentation protocol (typically around 100). Knowledge of the segmentation protocol is implicitly given through a set of manually l ...
Structural and functional brain network correlates of depressive
... Depression Correlates with Increased Functional Connectivity in preHD Positive correlations were seen between depression score and functional connectivity (binary matrices only) for both HADS-D (df 5 89, pFWE 5 0.008) and BDI-II (df 5 89, pFWE 5 0.026), notably in the connections between the rostral ...
... Depression Correlates with Increased Functional Connectivity in preHD Positive correlations were seen between depression score and functional connectivity (binary matrices only) for both HADS-D (df 5 89, pFWE 5 0.008) and BDI-II (df 5 89, pFWE 5 0.026), notably in the connections between the rostral ...
In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Techniques to Study Neuronal Migration
... intermediate progenitors [17]. More importantly, RGCs exhibit a typical bipolar shape, with their nucleus predominantly found in the VZ, a short apical process that connects them with the lateral ventricles and a very long basal filament that contacts the outer brain surface. This array of basal rad ...
... intermediate progenitors [17]. More importantly, RGCs exhibit a typical bipolar shape, with their nucleus predominantly found in the VZ, a short apical process that connects them with the lateral ventricles and a very long basal filament that contacts the outer brain surface. This array of basal rad ...
FROM MOTIVATION TO ACTION - The University of Texas at Dallas
... The subject of the interface between motivation and action--between timbic and motor systems---can be traced back to the classical experiments of Hess (1957). This Swiss neurophysiologist is widely recognized for his fundamental contributions in mapping the central representation of the parasympathe ...
... The subject of the interface between motivation and action--between timbic and motor systems---can be traced back to the classical experiments of Hess (1957). This Swiss neurophysiologist is widely recognized for his fundamental contributions in mapping the central representation of the parasympathe ...
Sensory signals during active versus passive movement
... at the level of the vestibular nuclei. (a) Activity of an example VO neuron (gray-filled trace) during passive whole-body rotation. In this condition, only vestibular inputs are available to the central nervous system and there is no motor efference copy signal because the monkey does not actively m ...
... at the level of the vestibular nuclei. (a) Activity of an example VO neuron (gray-filled trace) during passive whole-body rotation. In this condition, only vestibular inputs are available to the central nervous system and there is no motor efference copy signal because the monkey does not actively m ...
the organization of the arthropod central nervous system
... physiology has always aimed at contributing not only to a better understanding of the particular animals under study, but also to solution of the more general problems involved, which may yield more readily to investigation of particularly favorable systems. We know that the main task of the central ...
... physiology has always aimed at contributing not only to a better understanding of the particular animals under study, but also to solution of the more general problems involved, which may yield more readily to investigation of particularly favorable systems. We know that the main task of the central ...
Anatomical and Neurochemical Definition of the Nucleus of the Stria
... outlines the whole POM throughout its entire rostral-tocaudal extent (Viglietti-Panzica et al., 1994). VT-ir neurons are found in a periventricular position, lining the ependymal wall of the third ventricle, close to the pial surface of the preoptic area and in the nucleus paraventricularis. They ar ...
... outlines the whole POM throughout its entire rostral-tocaudal extent (Viglietti-Panzica et al., 1994). VT-ir neurons are found in a periventricular position, lining the ependymal wall of the third ventricle, close to the pial surface of the preoptic area and in the nucleus paraventricularis. They ar ...
Evidence for a distributed hierarchy of action
... the imaging data distinguish brain regions that are recruited for understanding different levels of control for an action. These areas form a functional-anatomic hierarchy that represents increasingly abstract aspects of observed behavior. The review begins with a brief historic perspective on action ...
... the imaging data distinguish brain regions that are recruited for understanding different levels of control for an action. These areas form a functional-anatomic hierarchy that represents increasingly abstract aspects of observed behavior. The review begins with a brief historic perspective on action ...
Identification of neural circuits involved in female genital responses
... behavior, including the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN), the medial preoptic area (MPO), and the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG). The VMN is considered an integral component of the lordosis reflex; stimulation of the VMN in estrogen-primed animals facilitates the display of the lor ...
... behavior, including the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN), the medial preoptic area (MPO), and the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG). The VMN is considered an integral component of the lordosis reflex; stimulation of the VMN in estrogen-primed animals facilitates the display of the lor ...
fMRI - Rackcdn.com
... Activation patterns: activation about the lateral central sulcus in the expected somatotopic location for lower face sensorimotor cortex. Secondary somatosensory, premotor cortex, and SMA activation are also observed. Tongue movement will activate similar areas, but with primary sensori-motor cortex ...
... Activation patterns: activation about the lateral central sulcus in the expected somatotopic location for lower face sensorimotor cortex. Secondary somatosensory, premotor cortex, and SMA activation are also observed. Tongue movement will activate similar areas, but with primary sensori-motor cortex ...
Neuroimaging of cognitive functions in human parietal cortex Jody C
... tools for mapping the human brain. Neuroimaging has been particularly successful in mapping cortical visual areas in the human occipital [1] and temporal [2] lobes. The human parietal lobes (excluding somatosensory regions, which are not discussed here), which traditionally fall into the category of ...
... tools for mapping the human brain. Neuroimaging has been particularly successful in mapping cortical visual areas in the human occipital [1] and temporal [2] lobes. The human parietal lobes (excluding somatosensory regions, which are not discussed here), which traditionally fall into the category of ...
Crosstalk between 2 organelles: Lysosomal storage of heparan
... To elucidate the pathophysiological mechanism underlying behavioral abnormalities we analyzed brain structure by light and electron microscopy. In contrast to human MPS III patients who show rapid neurodegeneration28 mouse brain cortex had normal stratification even at the age of 12 months suggestin ...
... To elucidate the pathophysiological mechanism underlying behavioral abnormalities we analyzed brain structure by light and electron microscopy. In contrast to human MPS III patients who show rapid neurodegeneration28 mouse brain cortex had normal stratification even at the age of 12 months suggestin ...
Basal ganglia contributions to motor control: a - Research
... projects to the frontal cortex including parts of the premotor and primary motor cortex. (b) Internal connectivity of the BG motor circuit (front subpanel) showing principal pathways only. Direct and indirect pathways start in projection neurons of the putamen (part of the striatum) that express D1- ...
... projects to the frontal cortex including parts of the premotor and primary motor cortex. (b) Internal connectivity of the BG motor circuit (front subpanel) showing principal pathways only. Direct and indirect pathways start in projection neurons of the putamen (part of the striatum) that express D1- ...
Superior digit memory of abacus experts
... abacus experts [13]. It is possible that a spatial representation of numbers is developed through abacus practice, which involves rule–based visuo-motor processing, and utilized in the digit span memory task, because it may be more efficient to mentally manipulate large numbers using a spatial repre ...
... abacus experts [13]. It is possible that a spatial representation of numbers is developed through abacus practice, which involves rule–based visuo-motor processing, and utilized in the digit span memory task, because it may be more efficient to mentally manipulate large numbers using a spatial repre ...
Neuronal circuitries involved in thermoregulation
... investigating thermoregulation directed their efforts to the analysis of these thermosensitive neurons. Their (implicit) assumption was that thermosensitivity is a distinctive characteristic of neurons playing a role in thermoregulation. Neurons displaying thermosensitivity, however, could be record ...
... investigating thermoregulation directed their efforts to the analysis of these thermosensitive neurons. Their (implicit) assumption was that thermosensitivity is a distinctive characteristic of neurons playing a role in thermoregulation. Neurons displaying thermosensitivity, however, could be record ...
Neural Correlates of First-Person Perspective as One Constituent of
... premotor cortex during 3PP (relative to 1PP), whereas differential increases during 1PP (relative to 3PP) were found in mesial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and superior temporal cortex bilaterally. The data suggest that in addition to joint neural mechanisms, for example, due to vi ...
... premotor cortex during 3PP (relative to 1PP), whereas differential increases during 1PP (relative to 3PP) were found in mesial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and superior temporal cortex bilaterally. The data suggest that in addition to joint neural mechanisms, for example, due to vi ...
Rhythms of Waking and Sleep 2 Day Circadian Examples
... outside world due to crossing time zones. • Sleepiness & impaired functioning during the day and sleeplessness at night until clock re-synchronizes with new ...
... outside world due to crossing time zones. • Sleepiness & impaired functioning during the day and sleeplessness at night until clock re-synchronizes with new ...
Spike-Timing-Dependent Hebbian Plasticity as
... In this article, we explore the hypothesis that recurrent excitation in neocortical circuits subserves the function of prediction and generation of temporal sequences (for related ideas, see Jordan, 1986; Elman, 1990; Minai & Levy, 1993; Montague & Sejonowski, 1994; Abbott & Blum, 1996; Rao & Ballar ...
... In this article, we explore the hypothesis that recurrent excitation in neocortical circuits subserves the function of prediction and generation of temporal sequences (for related ideas, see Jordan, 1986; Elman, 1990; Minai & Levy, 1993; Montague & Sejonowski, 1994; Abbott & Blum, 1996; Rao & Ballar ...
Research Presentation Slides - Emory University School of Medicine
... of cogniBon, mood and behavior in clinical disorders involving the basal ganglia, such as Parkinson’s disease. • Parkinson’s is now recognized as one of a number of “Circuit Disorders” ...
... of cogniBon, mood and behavior in clinical disorders involving the basal ganglia, such as Parkinson’s disease. • Parkinson’s is now recognized as one of a number of “Circuit Disorders” ...
Brain Stem Catecholamine Mechanisms in Tonic and
... contain substance P, the primary neurotransmitter appears to be the excitatory amino acid L-glutamate (L-glu). Neurons in rostral ventrolateral medulla, which most probably comprise the Cl group of epinephrine neurons, are also critical in AP control. Cl neurons project to innervate cholinergic preg ...
... contain substance P, the primary neurotransmitter appears to be the excitatory amino acid L-glutamate (L-glu). Neurons in rostral ventrolateral medulla, which most probably comprise the Cl group of epinephrine neurons, are also critical in AP control. Cl neurons project to innervate cholinergic preg ...
Interplay of environmental signals and progenitor diversity on fate
... neurons that coordinate the action of cortical, subcortical, and spinal cord circuits. From sensorimotor integration to executive functions, all depend on a precise spatio-temporal control of excitation and inhibition in local and long-range networks (Buzsáki, 2010). During brain development, cortic ...
... neurons that coordinate the action of cortical, subcortical, and spinal cord circuits. From sensorimotor integration to executive functions, all depend on a precise spatio-temporal control of excitation and inhibition in local and long-range networks (Buzsáki, 2010). During brain development, cortic ...
Amelioration of Delayed Neuronal Death in the Hippocampus by
... and 2, eventhoughthe cell somawas still present.After 1 week,all the pyramidal cellstogetherwith dendrites disappeared without NGF treatment. Treatment with NGF preventedthe early destructionof dendritic structures. ...
... and 2, eventhoughthe cell somawas still present.After 1 week,all the pyramidal cellstogetherwith dendrites disappeared without NGF treatment. Treatment with NGF preventedthe early destructionof dendritic structures. ...
Module 1 - Doral Academy Preparatory
... – focuses on how our genes, hormones, and nervous system interact with our environments to influence learning, personality, memory, motivation, emotions, and coping techniques – Examples: • Autism • Autism runs in families; supported by the findings in identical twins • If one twin has autism, there ...
... – focuses on how our genes, hormones, and nervous system interact with our environments to influence learning, personality, memory, motivation, emotions, and coping techniques – Examples: • Autism • Autism runs in families; supported by the findings in identical twins • If one twin has autism, there ...
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... indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meant to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted ...
... indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meant to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted ...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity, also known as brain plasticity, is an umbrella term that encompasses both synaptic plasticity and non-synaptic plasticity—it refers to changes in neural pathways and synapses due to changes in behavior, environment, neural processes, thinking, and emotions – as well as to changes resulting from bodily injury. The concept of neuroplasticity has replaced the formerly-held position that the brain is a physiologically static organ, and explores how – and in which ways – the brain changes in the course of a lifetime.Neuroplasticity occurs on a variety of levels, ranging from cellular changes (due to learning) to large-scale changes involved in cortical remapping in response to injury. The role of neuroplasticity is widely recognized in healthy development, learning, memory, and recovery from brain damage. During most of the 20th century, neuroscientists maintained a scientific consensus that brain structure was relatively immutable after a critical period during early childhood. This belief has been challenged by findings revealing that many aspects of the brain remain plastic even into adulthood.Hubel and Wiesel had demonstrated that ocular dominance columns in the lowest neocortical visual area, V1, remained largely immutable after the critical period in development. Researchers also studied critical periods with respect to language; the resulting data suggested that sensory pathways were fixed after the critical period. However, studies determined that environmental changes could alter behavior and cognition by modifying connections between existing neurons and via neurogenesis in the hippocampus and in other parts of the brain, including in the cerebellum.Decades of research have shown that substantial changes occur in the lowest neocortical processing areas, and that these changes can profoundly alter the pattern of neuronal activation in response to experience. Neuroscientific research indicates that experience can actually change both the brain's physical structure (anatomy) and functional organization (physiology). As of 2014 neuroscientists are engaged in a reconciliation of critical-period studies (demonstrating the immutability of the brain after development) with the more recent research showing how the brain can, and does, change in response to hitherto unsuspected stimuli.