[Ca2+]c dynamics in spontaneously firing dopamine neurons of the
... Tymianski, 2000). Since glutamate is involved in many such functions and can activate various glutamate receptors, the [Ca2+]c signals related to glutamate receptors in neuronal cells have long been studied in a variety of neuronal cells (Mayer and Miller, 1990; Gallin and Greenberg, 1995). Therefor ...
... Tymianski, 2000). Since glutamate is involved in many such functions and can activate various glutamate receptors, the [Ca2+]c signals related to glutamate receptors in neuronal cells have long been studied in a variety of neuronal cells (Mayer and Miller, 1990; Gallin and Greenberg, 1995). Therefor ...
basic mechanisms of sleep
... depolarization of thalamic nuclei by the cholinergic brainstem (29). Cholinergic Mediation of Specific REM Signs: PGO Waves, Muscle Atonia, Cortical Desynchronization, and Hippocampal Theta PGO input to the LGB of the thalamus is cholinergic (12), and it can be antidromically traced to pontine PGO-b ...
... depolarization of thalamic nuclei by the cholinergic brainstem (29). Cholinergic Mediation of Specific REM Signs: PGO Waves, Muscle Atonia, Cortical Desynchronization, and Hippocampal Theta PGO input to the LGB of the thalamus is cholinergic (12), and it can be antidromically traced to pontine PGO-b ...
MARCKS modulates radial progenitor placement
... 2003; Suzuki et al., 2001; Wodarz et al., 2000; Yamanaka et al., 2001). Moreover, PIP2 has recently been shown to complex with key components of the polarity machinery, including PTEN, CDC42 and aPKCζ. The loss of aPKCζ or PIP2 localization causes apically confined signaling proteins to lose their p ...
... 2003; Suzuki et al., 2001; Wodarz et al., 2000; Yamanaka et al., 2001). Moreover, PIP2 has recently been shown to complex with key components of the polarity machinery, including PTEN, CDC42 and aPKCζ. The loss of aPKCζ or PIP2 localization causes apically confined signaling proteins to lose their p ...
Nicotine excites hypothalamic arcuate anorexigenic
... 1 M ACh evoked a membrane depolarization of 3.2 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, left) and 100 M ACh evoked a depolarization of 8.8 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, right). We then studied the pharmacology of the nicotine receptors in POMC neurons. The experiments were conducted in the presence of TTX (0.5 M). ...
... 1 M ACh evoked a membrane depolarization of 3.2 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, left) and 100 M ACh evoked a depolarization of 8.8 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, right). We then studied the pharmacology of the nicotine receptors in POMC neurons. The experiments were conducted in the presence of TTX (0.5 M). ...
INFUSION OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR (NGF) INTO KITTEN
... AbstractöIntracerebroventricular or intracortical administration of nerve growth factor (NGF) has been shown to block or attenuate visual cortical plasticity in the rat. In cats and ferrets, the e¡ects of exogenous NGF on development and plasticity of visual cortex have been reported to be small or ...
... AbstractöIntracerebroventricular or intracortical administration of nerve growth factor (NGF) has been shown to block or attenuate visual cortical plasticity in the rat. In cats and ferrets, the e¡ects of exogenous NGF on development and plasticity of visual cortex have been reported to be small or ...
The Olfactory System - Tim J. van Hartevelt
... constantly replaced by mitotic division of the basal stem cell population in the olfactory epithelium. The olfactory receptors are the only neurons that are inserted in the surface epithelium of the body and are, therefore, directly exposed to the environment. It is likely that this makes them more ...
... constantly replaced by mitotic division of the basal stem cell population in the olfactory epithelium. The olfactory receptors are the only neurons that are inserted in the surface epithelium of the body and are, therefore, directly exposed to the environment. It is likely that this makes them more ...
Auditory Neurons in the Dorsal Cortex of the Inferior Colliculus
... The inferior colliculus plays a key role in auditory processing. In the current study I used the albino rat, Rattus norvegicus, as an animal model to investigate auditory responses in single neurons in the dorsomedial subdivision of the inferior colliculus (ICd). My results reveal that ICd neurons e ...
... The inferior colliculus plays a key role in auditory processing. In the current study I used the albino rat, Rattus norvegicus, as an animal model to investigate auditory responses in single neurons in the dorsomedial subdivision of the inferior colliculus (ICd). My results reveal that ICd neurons e ...
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Directly Activates Noradrenergic
... activation of LC neurons is unknown. Moreover, given the apparent absence of mRNA for CRH receptors in LC neurons, the exact location of action of CRH within the cerulear region is debated. Using in vitro intracellular recordings from rat brainstem, we examined whether CRH exerts a direct effect on ...
... activation of LC neurons is unknown. Moreover, given the apparent absence of mRNA for CRH receptors in LC neurons, the exact location of action of CRH within the cerulear region is debated. Using in vitro intracellular recordings from rat brainstem, we examined whether CRH exerts a direct effect on ...
Central and peripheral chemoreceptors evoke distinct responses in
... of 356 colour-coded spheres indicating the responses and stereotaxic coordinates of neurons tested with sequential stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors. Neurons monitored at the same coordinates are represented by adjacent vertically ‘stacked’ spheres. The stereotaxic coordinates of ...
... of 356 colour-coded spheres indicating the responses and stereotaxic coordinates of neurons tested with sequential stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors. Neurons monitored at the same coordinates are represented by adjacent vertically ‘stacked’ spheres. The stereotaxic coordinates of ...
Unraveling the Genetics of Distal Hereditary Motor Neuronopathies
... showed a variable age of onset from juvenile to adulthood suggesting that these patients could also be classified as either distal HMN-I or distal HMNII (Table 1). Missense mutations in the HSP22 and HSP27 stress proteins are associated with dysfunction of the axon cytoskeleton, formation of aggreso ...
... showed a variable age of onset from juvenile to adulthood suggesting that these patients could also be classified as either distal HMN-I or distal HMNII (Table 1). Missense mutations in the HSP22 and HSP27 stress proteins are associated with dysfunction of the axon cytoskeleton, formation of aggreso ...
Propagation of Epileptiform Events across the Corpus Callosum in a
... 200 mM bicuculline to evoke epileptiform activity and 10 mM sulforhodamine 101 (SR101), a fluorescent marker of neocortical astrocytes, to visualize the spread of the injection. Control injections contained ACSF alone. Solution was injected with a constant pressure of 1.7–2.2 psi ACC at a depth of r ...
... 200 mM bicuculline to evoke epileptiform activity and 10 mM sulforhodamine 101 (SR101), a fluorescent marker of neocortical astrocytes, to visualize the spread of the injection. Control injections contained ACSF alone. Solution was injected with a constant pressure of 1.7–2.2 psi ACC at a depth of r ...
Kazumi TAKAHASHI†*, Jian-Sheng LIN† and Kazuya - HAL
... principal sleep-promoting cell group within the POA and BFB (Sherin et al., 1996). More recent c-fos studies found other sleep-promoting cell groups, as well as waking-promoting ones, in the POA and BFB (Gong et al., 2000; Gvilia et al., 2006; Modirrousta et al., 2004). However, c-fos expression stu ...
... principal sleep-promoting cell group within the POA and BFB (Sherin et al., 1996). More recent c-fos studies found other sleep-promoting cell groups, as well as waking-promoting ones, in the POA and BFB (Gong et al., 2000; Gvilia et al., 2006; Modirrousta et al., 2004). However, c-fos expression stu ...
Neural Control of the Pancreas
... and increasing glucagon secretion. The effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation on pancreatic exocrine secretions are not as clear. Although the sparse innervation of acinar and ductal by the sympathetic nervous system would suggest that the sympathetic nervous system does not play a major role in t ...
... and increasing glucagon secretion. The effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation on pancreatic exocrine secretions are not as clear. Although the sparse innervation of acinar and ductal by the sympathetic nervous system would suggest that the sympathetic nervous system does not play a major role in t ...
Discharge Patterns of Neurons in the Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral
... neurons in the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus of the unanesthetized rabbit. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 1097–1113, 1999. The ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) is a major auditory nucleus that sends a large projection to the inferior colliculus. Despite its prominence, the responses ...
... neurons in the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus of the unanesthetized rabbit. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 1097–1113, 1999. The ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) is a major auditory nucleus that sends a large projection to the inferior colliculus. Despite its prominence, the responses ...
morphology and synaptic connections of ultrafine primary axons
... crushed into them with fine rat-toothed forceps. Then small drops of saline were applied from a fine injection needle to dissolve the HRP and to keep the dorsal roots moist. The HRP was kept on the cut central ends of the dorsal roots for 8 hr in both cervical root experiments and for 6 and 12 hr in ...
... crushed into them with fine rat-toothed forceps. Then small drops of saline were applied from a fine injection needle to dissolve the HRP and to keep the dorsal roots moist. The HRP was kept on the cut central ends of the dorsal roots for 8 hr in both cervical root experiments and for 6 and 12 hr in ...
Glycine Binding Sites of Presynaptic NMDA Receptors May
... NMDA synaptic currents (Baptista and Varanda 2005; Mothet et al. 2000). The ability of glycine or D-serine to potentiate NMDA-R responses clearly indicates that the glycine binding site of NMDA-Rs is not saturated. To date, a number of studies have shown that the NMDA-Rs are present on the presynapt ...
... NMDA synaptic currents (Baptista and Varanda 2005; Mothet et al. 2000). The ability of glycine or D-serine to potentiate NMDA-R responses clearly indicates that the glycine binding site of NMDA-Rs is not saturated. To date, a number of studies have shown that the NMDA-Rs are present on the presynapt ...
Spatially and Functionally Distinct Roles of the PI3
... Ginty, 1999; Watson et al., 1999). In addition, the catalytic activity of TrkA that has been retrogradely transported to the cell bodies and proximal axons is necessary for phosphorylation and activation of the nuclear transcription factor CREB (Riccio et al., 1997). Whether retrograde transport of ...
... Ginty, 1999; Watson et al., 1999). In addition, the catalytic activity of TrkA that has been retrogradely transported to the cell bodies and proximal axons is necessary for phosphorylation and activation of the nuclear transcription factor CREB (Riccio et al., 1997). Whether retrograde transport of ...
Outputs of Radula Mechanoafferent Neurons in Aplysia are
... of some of the modulator cells. Inhibitory chemical synapses mediated the modulation produced by B4/5, whereas excitatory and/or electrical synapses were involved in the other instances. The data indicate that modulation is due to block of action potential invasion into synaptic release regions or t ...
... of some of the modulator cells. Inhibitory chemical synapses mediated the modulation produced by B4/5, whereas excitatory and/or electrical synapses were involved in the other instances. The data indicate that modulation is due to block of action potential invasion into synaptic release regions or t ...
Topographical organization of the pedunculopontine nucleus
... dissipata and pars compacta). As shown in this figure, the rostral PPN is an area of high neuronal density. SN, substantia nigra. ...
... dissipata and pars compacta). As shown in this figure, the rostral PPN is an area of high neuronal density. SN, substantia nigra. ...
Frequency-Dependent Recruitment of Fast Amino Acid and Slow
... Figure 1. Angled, parahorizontal brain slices containing the AVPV projection to GnRH neurons. A, Drawing showing the angle control GnRH-GFP-Gpr54 ⫹/⫹ mice. All exand location of the two slices used. B, Schematic three-dimensional view of the relevant structures and cell types contained within perime ...
... Figure 1. Angled, parahorizontal brain slices containing the AVPV projection to GnRH neurons. A, Drawing showing the angle control GnRH-GFP-Gpr54 ⫹/⫹ mice. All exand location of the two slices used. B, Schematic three-dimensional view of the relevant structures and cell types contained within perime ...
... human GAD65, as described previously [4]. SPS patientderived sera (n = 7) were provided by Dr M. Dalakas (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) (USA) and Professor A. Vincent (University of Oxford, UK); and TID patient-derived sera (n = 6) were provided by Dr M. Atkinson (U ...
Number, Density, and Surface/Cytoplasmic
... unchanged fluorescent intensity on the previously used imaging systems, indicating the stability of the His6– GFP solutions. For the present study, the beads were used to calibrate the Leica confocal microscope system. Using GFP-beads at densities at 300, 600, and 1500 GFP per square micrometer, we ...
... unchanged fluorescent intensity on the previously used imaging systems, indicating the stability of the His6– GFP solutions. For the present study, the beads were used to calibrate the Leica confocal microscope system. Using GFP-beads at densities at 300, 600, and 1500 GFP per square micrometer, we ...
A role for subplate neurons in the patterning of
... During cerebral cortical development, ingrowing axons from different thalamic nuclei select and invade their cortical targets. The selection of an appropriate target is first evident even before thalamic axons grow into the cortical plate: initially axons accumulate and wait below their cortical tar ...
... During cerebral cortical development, ingrowing axons from different thalamic nuclei select and invade their cortical targets. The selection of an appropriate target is first evident even before thalamic axons grow into the cortical plate: initially axons accumulate and wait below their cortical tar ...
Print
... 221, 222, 236, 239). In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated that CB1 receptors are abundantly expressed in discrete regions and cell types of the central nervous system (CNS) (see also sect. III) but are also present at significant densities in a variety of periphera ...
... 221, 222, 236, 239). In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated that CB1 receptors are abundantly expressed in discrete regions and cell types of the central nervous system (CNS) (see also sect. III) but are also present at significant densities in a variety of periphera ...