Temporal modulation of the dynamics of neuronal networks with
... responses of the monkeys. These deviations could be due to increased or decreased spike count, as well as to jitters in spike times. Our results support the hypothesis of a complex spatiotemporal coding of behavioral adaptation by dACC, and suggest that dACC signals are unlikely to be decoded by a n ...
... responses of the monkeys. These deviations could be due to increased or decreased spike count, as well as to jitters in spike times. Our results support the hypothesis of a complex spatiotemporal coding of behavioral adaptation by dACC, and suggest that dACC signals are unlikely to be decoded by a n ...
electrophysiological and synaptic properties of rat superior and
... of involved responses (i.e., in terms of short term and long-term mechanisms that control blood pressure) (Boron and Boulpaep, 2009). Short term regulation of blood pressure occurs within seconds to minutes, and is mediated predominantly by the baroreceptor and Starling reflexes. While these shortte ...
... of involved responses (i.e., in terms of short term and long-term mechanisms that control blood pressure) (Boron and Boulpaep, 2009). Short term regulation of blood pressure occurs within seconds to minutes, and is mediated predominantly by the baroreceptor and Starling reflexes. While these shortte ...
Role of the Indirect Pathway of the Basal Ganglia
... the population that becomes active. The decision threshold is defined as the firing rate of the cortical population Cxe that projects to the active SCe unit at the onset time of SCe activity. A correct trial is defined as a trial in which the model generates a saccadic burst in the same direction as ...
... the population that becomes active. The decision threshold is defined as the firing rate of the cortical population Cxe that projects to the active SCe unit at the onset time of SCe activity. A correct trial is defined as a trial in which the model generates a saccadic burst in the same direction as ...
The supramammillary area: its organization, functions
... fact that SuM has recently been shown to contain cells that can control plasticity in the hippocampus via monosynaptic input. It also contains other cells that control the frequency of the rhythmic phasic firing of hippocampal cells (theta activity) via a relay in the medial septum (MS). These two t ...
... fact that SuM has recently been shown to contain cells that can control plasticity in the hippocampus via monosynaptic input. It also contains other cells that control the frequency of the rhythmic phasic firing of hippocampal cells (theta activity) via a relay in the medial septum (MS). These two t ...
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex: A Bottom-Up View
... are not the cingulate cortex, this label suggests that most studies include, or focus on, tissue that is either transitional or ambiguous. The neuroanatomical literature is divided as to the nature of this well-studied piece of cortex. Petrides & Pandya (1994) claim that the cytoarchitectonic featur ...
... are not the cingulate cortex, this label suggests that most studies include, or focus on, tissue that is either transitional or ambiguous. The neuroanatomical literature is divided as to the nature of this well-studied piece of cortex. Petrides & Pandya (1994) claim that the cytoarchitectonic featur ...
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN ADULT MAMMALIAN SENSORY CORTEX
... Experience-dependent changes in synaptic composition and function (synaptic plasticity) underlie many brain functions including learning and memory, formation of sensory maps, as well as the capability to recover from injury. Most of these functions decline with age, supporting the observation that ...
... Experience-dependent changes in synaptic composition and function (synaptic plasticity) underlie many brain functions including learning and memory, formation of sensory maps, as well as the capability to recover from injury. Most of these functions decline with age, supporting the observation that ...
The Classical Complement Cascade Mediates
... the developing brain, we performed double immunostaining with antibodies to C1q and synaptic markers. Using confocal microscopy, we observed many C1q-positive puncta that colocalized with the postsynaptic protein PSD95 in the developing dLGN (Figure 3A). In order to better visualize C1q’s synaptic l ...
... the developing brain, we performed double immunostaining with antibodies to C1q and synaptic markers. Using confocal microscopy, we observed many C1q-positive puncta that colocalized with the postsynaptic protein PSD95 in the developing dLGN (Figure 3A). In order to better visualize C1q’s synaptic l ...
Bischoff_Thesis_notes
... cerebellum may be specialized in using sensory information and acquiring in motor skills basal ganglia may be more involved in movements which are either internally generated or guided by external cues as well as the learning of sequential movements ...
... cerebellum may be specialized in using sensory information and acquiring in motor skills basal ganglia may be more involved in movements which are either internally generated or guided by external cues as well as the learning of sequential movements ...
AXOTOMIZED SPINAL COMMISSURAL INTERNEURONS OF THE ADULT FELINE:
... Second, SCI sites contain molecules that inhibit the growth of elongating axons. However, despite this inability to regenerate through traumatic injury sites, many spinal axons have been found to be quite plastic – that is, sprout new connections from uninjured portions of their axons. In addition, ...
... Second, SCI sites contain molecules that inhibit the growth of elongating axons. However, despite this inability to regenerate through traumatic injury sites, many spinal axons have been found to be quite plastic – that is, sprout new connections from uninjured portions of their axons. In addition, ...
Theta Modulation in the Medial and the Lateral Entorhinal Cortices
... doi:10.1152/jn.01141.2009. Hippocampal neurons show a strong modulation by theta frequency oscillations. This modulation is thought to be important not only for temporal encoding and decoding of information in the hippocampal system, but also for temporal ordering of neuronal activities on timescale ...
... doi:10.1152/jn.01141.2009. Hippocampal neurons show a strong modulation by theta frequency oscillations. This modulation is thought to be important not only for temporal encoding and decoding of information in the hippocampal system, but also for temporal ordering of neuronal activities on timescale ...
Cerebral cortical hypoplasia with abnormal morphology of pyramidal
... image. The brightness of each pixel ranged from 0 to 255 gray levels. The threshold of the OD value of each section was determined by averaging five random polygons (area of POLYGON =150 μm2) of the unstained neuropil. The OD within a rectangular frame at a width of 200 µm and a length covering the ...
... image. The brightness of each pixel ranged from 0 to 255 gray levels. The threshold of the OD value of each section was determined by averaging five random polygons (area of POLYGON =150 μm2) of the unstained neuropil. The OD within a rectangular frame at a width of 200 µm and a length covering the ...
Are there differences between the secretion characteristics of NGF
... receptor activation (Canossa et al., 1997). However, discordant results have been reported for high potassium-mediated secretion of BDNF from virus-transduced primary cultures of hippocampal neurons and AtT-20 and PC12 cells (Goodman et al., 1996). These authors observed that the high potassium-medi ...
... receptor activation (Canossa et al., 1997). However, discordant results have been reported for high potassium-mediated secretion of BDNF from virus-transduced primary cultures of hippocampal neurons and AtT-20 and PC12 cells (Goodman et al., 1996). These authors observed that the high potassium-medi ...
Apparent Loss and Hypertrophy of Interneurons in a Mouse Model
... one-in-six series of sections through layers II and IV of the entorhinal cortex and of PV-, C b-, SOM-, and GAD-positive neurons in the five most rostral sections of a similar series through the hippocampal formation. The number of positive neurons was determined under a 253 objective, counting only ...
... one-in-six series of sections through layers II and IV of the entorhinal cortex and of PV-, C b-, SOM-, and GAD-positive neurons in the five most rostral sections of a similar series through the hippocampal formation. The number of positive neurons was determined under a 253 objective, counting only ...
FLRT proteins act as guidance cues for migrating cortical interneurons
... 5.1 Effects of FLRT2 and FLRT3 ablation in the cortical interneurons migration through the SP stream ...................................................................................... 148 5.2 Regulation of the interneurons migration through the SP stream .............. 152 5.3 Late developomenta ...
... 5.1 Effects of FLRT2 and FLRT3 ablation in the cortical interneurons migration through the SP stream ...................................................................................... 148 5.2 Regulation of the interneurons migration through the SP stream .............. 152 5.3 Late developomenta ...
The Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection
... present in the rat cortex. Various cholinergic cell groups in the brain can be identified with numbers and letters Ch based upon their projection target. In the basal forebrain of mammals cholinergic neurons are located in the medial septum (Ch1), the vertical (Ch2) and horizontal (Ch3) limbs of the ...
... present in the rat cortex. Various cholinergic cell groups in the brain can be identified with numbers and letters Ch based upon their projection target. In the basal forebrain of mammals cholinergic neurons are located in the medial septum (Ch1), the vertical (Ch2) and horizontal (Ch3) limbs of the ...
The basal forebrain cholinergic projection system in mice. In
... present in the rat cortex. Various cholinergic cell groups in the brain can be identified with numbers and letters Ch based upon their projection target. In the basal forebrain of mammals cholinergic neurons are located in the medial septum (Ch1), the vertical (Ch2) and horizontal (Ch3) limbs of the ...
... present in the rat cortex. Various cholinergic cell groups in the brain can be identified with numbers and letters Ch based upon their projection target. In the basal forebrain of mammals cholinergic neurons are located in the medial septum (Ch1), the vertical (Ch2) and horizontal (Ch3) limbs of the ...
Sorting and convergence of primary olfactory axons are
... conclusions have been reached (Wang et al., 1998). Consequently, odorant receptors are necessary but not sufficient for topographic targeting. Although several adhesion molecules and guidance receptors, including galectin-1 (Puche et al., 1996), N-CAM (Treloar et al., 1997; Aoki et al., 1999) and it ...
... conclusions have been reached (Wang et al., 1998). Consequently, odorant receptors are necessary but not sufficient for topographic targeting. Although several adhesion molecules and guidance receptors, including galectin-1 (Puche et al., 1996), N-CAM (Treloar et al., 1997; Aoki et al., 1999) and it ...
Dokument_1 - KLUEDO - Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
... great majority of the LSO neurons receive excitatory and inhibitory input originating from the ipsi- and the contralateral ear, respectively (for review see Irvine, 1986). The principal cells in the LSO are bipolar and multipolar neurons, although five other classes, occurring less frequently, have ...
... great majority of the LSO neurons receive excitatory and inhibitory input originating from the ipsi- and the contralateral ear, respectively (for review see Irvine, 1986). The principal cells in the LSO are bipolar and multipolar neurons, although five other classes, occurring less frequently, have ...
Vestibular Signals in the Parasolitary Nucleus
... primary afferents project to secondary vestibular neurons located in the vestibular complex. Vestibular primary afferents also project to the uvula-nodulus of the cerebellum where they terminate on granule cells. In this report we describe the physiological properties of neurons in a “new” vestibula ...
... primary afferents project to secondary vestibular neurons located in the vestibular complex. Vestibular primary afferents also project to the uvula-nodulus of the cerebellum where they terminate on granule cells. In this report we describe the physiological properties of neurons in a “new” vestibula ...
RESULTATS Capítol 1 __________________________________________________________________________ 71
... aspect of the SLM correlates with the presence of Reelin-expressing CR cells (Figures 1G,H). Suggesting that mDab1 protein levels in entorhinal axons that innervate the SLM may be locally downregulated by Reelin, as described for developing migrating neurons (Rice et al., 1998). ...
... aspect of the SLM correlates with the presence of Reelin-expressing CR cells (Figures 1G,H). Suggesting that mDab1 protein levels in entorhinal axons that innervate the SLM may be locally downregulated by Reelin, as described for developing migrating neurons (Rice et al., 1998). ...
Chemical Transmitters and Modulation of Sleep
... Aithough evidence has suggested a dual role of the basal forebrain (BF) in arousai and sleep generation, the neurotransmitter identity and activity ofBF neurons serving these different functions have remained uncertain. Furthermore, few studies have been done to clarify how the wake vs. sleep promot ...
... Aithough evidence has suggested a dual role of the basal forebrain (BF) in arousai and sleep generation, the neurotransmitter identity and activity ofBF neurons serving these different functions have remained uncertain. Furthermore, few studies have been done to clarify how the wake vs. sleep promot ...
Might the olfactory bulb be an origin of olfactory auras in focal
... Synaptic glomeruli exhibit less synaptophysin expression at 16 weeks than at older gestational ages; all are reactive by term. Calretinin, by contrast, is not yet expressed in most of the synaptic glomeruli at mid-gestation, but is strong in the primary olfactory nerve axons forming layer 1 (Sarnat ...
... Synaptic glomeruli exhibit less synaptophysin expression at 16 weeks than at older gestational ages; all are reactive by term. Calretinin, by contrast, is not yet expressed in most of the synaptic glomeruli at mid-gestation, but is strong in the primary olfactory nerve axons forming layer 1 (Sarnat ...
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... for the elucidation and functional validation of neuronal-polarity regulators (Rolls and Doe, 2004). The fully elucidated neural-circuit diagrams (White et al., 1986) and the development of fluorescent markers for nerve processes in C. elegans allow for in vivo analysis of neuronal polarity. Neurona ...
... for the elucidation and functional validation of neuronal-polarity regulators (Rolls and Doe, 2004). The fully elucidated neural-circuit diagrams (White et al., 1986) and the development of fluorescent markers for nerve processes in C. elegans allow for in vivo analysis of neuronal polarity. Neurona ...
Proopiomelanocortin Neurons in Nucleus Tractus Solitarius Are
... (1) short absolute latency (1–10 ms), (2) minimal synaptic jitter, the SD of the intraneuronal latency (⬍200 s), and (3) the absence of synaptic failures at high stimulus frequencies (50 –100 Hz) to a burst of five shocks. Successive shocks (train of five pulses at 50 Hz) evoked a frequency-depende ...
... (1) short absolute latency (1–10 ms), (2) minimal synaptic jitter, the SD of the intraneuronal latency (⬍200 s), and (3) the absence of synaptic failures at high stimulus frequencies (50 –100 Hz) to a burst of five shocks. Successive shocks (train of five pulses at 50 Hz) evoked a frequency-depende ...
Input-specific control of reward and aversion in the ventral tegmental
... dopamine neuron activity often correlates with a reward prediction error (that is, the difference between expected and actual rewards), these cells can also signal aversion, saliency, uncertainty and novelty2,3. They are heterogeneous in their anatomical location, targets to which they project, elec ...
... dopamine neuron activity often correlates with a reward prediction error (that is, the difference between expected and actual rewards), these cells can also signal aversion, saliency, uncertainty and novelty2,3. They are heterogeneous in their anatomical location, targets to which they project, elec ...